Deck 4: Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Question 1

The Wretched Flamingo, a local punk rock band, was so loud during their practice sessions that the parents of one band member built them a "music shed" a significant distance from the house.This loudness was due to the

A)number of sound waves per second.
B)height of the sound waves.
C)frequency of the sound waves.
D)pitch of the sound waves.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The three small bones of the inner ear are called the

A)cochlear bones.
B)tympanic bones.
C)basilar ossicles.
D)auditory ossicles.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Ben Underwood, who has been sightless since the age of three, makes clicking sounds with his tongue and uses _____ to navigate through the world.

A)echolocation.
B)dysosmia.
C)agnosia.
D)kinesis.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The auditory ossicles are

A)the malleus, incus, and stapes.
B)the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
C)three small bones.
D)all of these.

Question 5

Movies that show characters reacting to the "roar" of alien starships or titanic battles in deep space are in error because sound waves

A)travel as visible waves in outer space.
B)cannot travel in the vacuum of outer space.
C)only create compression waves in outer space.
D)only create rarefaction waves in outer space.

Question 6

The three auditory ossicles are the malleus, incus, and the

A)stapes.
B)anvil.
C)cochlea.
D)organ of Corti.

Question 7

Bats use echoes of their own voices to judge distances.This is known as echolocation, or

A)biosonar.
B)dysosmia.
C)agnosia.
D)kinesis.

Question 8

The thin membrane that moves in and out in response to sound waves colliding with it and passes the vibration on to the middle ear is the

A)auditory nerve.
B)basilar membrane.
C)tympanic membrane.
D)auditory ossicle.

Question 9

Which one of the following sequences is the correct one for audition?

A)eardrum, cochlea, hair cells, ossicles
B)ossicles, eardrum, cochlea, hair cells
C)hair cells, ossicles, eardrum, cochlea
D)eardrum, ossicles, cochlea, hair cells

Question 10

Grandpa teased his grandchildren by saying that they have little hammers, anvils, and stirrups in their heads.They hollered, "No, you're wrong, PaPa." However, their grandpa was right, since these are the common names for the

A)auditory ossicles.
B)three parts of the cochlea.
C)structures within the organ of Corti.
D)feature detectors within the retina.

Question 11

In the church choir, Madeline is a soprano and sings with a higher pitch than Amanda, who sings alto.Their difference in tone is due to the _____ of the sound waves produced by each lady.

A)amplitude
B)height
C)frequency
D)intensity

Question 12

Frequency is to _____ as amplitude is to _____.

A)compression; rarefaction
B)rarefaction; compression
C)pitch; loudness
D)loudness; pitch

Question 13

The part of the ear that acts as a funnel to concentrate sounds and guide them into the ear canal is called the

A)cochlea.
B)pinna.
C)auditory ossicle.
D)stereocilia.

Question 14

The pitch of a sound corresponds to the _____ of the sound waves, while loudness is due to the _____ of the sound waves.

A)frequency; amplitude
B)amplitude; frequency
C)rarefaction; compression
D)compression; rarefaction

Question 15

The external, or visible, part of the ear is called the

A)cochlea.
B)pinna.
C)inner ear.
D)tympanic membrane.

Question 16

The _____ is the number of waves per second and corresponds to perceived pitch, while the _____ is the physical "height" of a sound wave and tells how much energy it contains.

A)compression; rarefaction
B)rarefaction; compression
C)frequency; amplitude
D)amplitude; frequency

Question 17

The artist Van Gogh cut off the external part of his ear.A psychologist would refer to the part that was cut off as the

A)pinna.
B)cochlea.
C)auditory ossicle.
D)stereocilia.

Question 18

In the auditory system, the first anatomical structure that is set in motion by the sound wave is

A)an auditory ossicle.
B)the cochlea.
C)the eardrum.
D)the oval window.

Question 19

Regarding echolocation, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Bats use echolocation, that is, the echoes of their own voices to judge distances.
B)Researchers have known about human echolocation for fifty years and have even proposed training for blind people to echolate.
C)Echolocation is also known as biosonar.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 20

Which of the following is capable of using echolocation?

A)blind persons
B)sighted persons
C)bats
D)all of these

Question 21

The _____ theory also explains why hunters sometimes lose hearing in a narrow pitch range, known as the "Hunter's notch."

A)place
B)conduction
C)frequency
D)tone

Question 22

The stapes is attached to a membrane on the cochlea called the _____, which moves back and forth, making waves in the fluid inside the cochlea.

A)tympanic membrane
B)auditory ossicle
C)oval window
D)pinna

Question 23

Sound vibrations make waves in the fluid inside the cochlea.These waves in the fluid are detected by _____ within the cochlea.

A)ossicles
B)hair cells
C)pinnas
D)umami cells

Question 24

Within the organ of Corti, the _____ are the "bristles" atop each hair cell that brush against the tectorial membrane and trigger nerve impulses that flow to the brain.

A)stereocilia
B)auditory ossicles
C)umami
D)stapes

Question 25

The final step (within the inner ear) that is required to convert vibrations into sound sensations is movement of the

A)hair cells.
B)tympanic membrane.
C)pinna.
D)ossicles.

Question 26

In the measurement of sound, the _____ refers to the number of vibrations per second.

A)hertz
B)decibel
C)ampere
D)ohm

Question 27

Grandma told the grandkids that their "PaPa" was right about the "little hammer and other things" being in their heads.She then added that their inner ear looked like a snail.This fluid-filled structure that looks like a snail is the

A)pinna.
B)auditory ossicle.
C)cochlea.
D)umami.

Question 28

According to the frequency theory, as the _____ rises, nerve impulses of the same frequency flow into the auditory nerve.

A)loudness
B)amplitude
C)pitch
D)rarefaction

Question 29

According to the _____ theory of hearing, high tones cause the greatest movement near the _____ of the cochlea.

A)place; outer tip
B)frequency; outer tip
C)place; base
D)frequency; base

Question 30

Jason is an avid hunter.Although his parents caution him to wear ear protection, he has developed the "Hunter's notch," which means that he has

A)caused permanent indentions in his eardrum.
B)shattered the bones in the middle ear.
C)damaged the hair cells in the inner ear.
D)caused ear wax to build up in the ear canal.

Question 31

According to the _____ theory of hearing, low tones cause the greatest movement near the _____ of the cochlea.

A)place; outer tip
B)frequency; outer tip
C)place; base
D)frequency; base

Question 32

Sound energy is converted to nerve impulses by the hair cells inside the

A)tympanic membrane.
B)cochlea.
C)otolith organs.
D)pinna.

Question 33

The _____ theory explains how sounds up to 4000 hertz reach the brain.

A)place
B)auditory
C)frequency
D)tone

Question 34

Bending the _____ within the inner ear triggers nerve impulses, which flow to the brain.

A)ossicles
B)stereocilia
C)stapes
D)pinnas

Question 35

The _____ theory explains that hearing high or low tones depends upon which area of the cochlea is most strongly stimulated.

A)tone
B)place
C)frequency
D)amplitude

Question 36

The cochlea is made up of the

A)malleus, incus, and stapes.
B)organ of Corti, hair cells, and stereocilia.
C)rods and cones.
D)pinna and the auditory ossicles.

Question 37

Hearing loss that occurs when hair cells are damaged in the area affected by the pitch of gunfire is referred to as

A)the "Hunter's notch."
B)an acquired conductive loss.
C)auditory agnosia.
D)tympanic degeneration.

Question 38

The _____contains the sensitive cells that respond to auditory stimuli.

A)auditory ossicles.
B)retina.
C)cochlea.
D)oval window.

Question 39

The hair cells of the cochlea serve a function in hearing that is similar to the function of the _____ in vision.

A)iris
B)blind spot
C)rods and cones
D)cornea

Question 40

According to the _____ theory, an 800-hertz tone would produce 800 nerve impulses per second through the auditory nerve.

A)tonal base
B)place
C)frequency
D)amplitude

Question 41

A long-time rock musician probably suffers from _____ hearing loss.

A)conductive
B)tympanic
C)noise-induced
D)all of these types of

Question 42

A middle-aged psychology professor has been tipped off by one of his students that cell phones are going off in the classroom.The professor does not recall hearing a cell phone go off anytime in the last few days in class.What is the most likely explanation?

A)The students that told the professor about the cell phones is playing a joke on his teacher.
B)The students have downloaded a high-pitched ring tone that the professor cannot hear because of a loss of hair cells.
C)The students have downloaded a low-pitched ring tone that the professor cannot hear because of a loss of hair cells.
D)The professor has a severe conductive hearing loss.

Question 43

If you are exposed to the noise of a jack hammer in your work, you are particularly susceptible to a _____ hearing loss.

A)conductive
B)tympanic
C)compression
D)noise-induced

Question 44

Hearing loss caused by damage to the hair cells or the auditory nerve is called a _____ hearing loss.

A)vestibular
B)threshold
C)conductive
D)sensorineural

Question 45

The loss of hair cells is devastating because

A)it takes them a long time to regenerate.
B)a severe infection usually results.
C)once lost, they are never replaced.
D)it is the basis for every form of deafness.

Question 46

Damage caused by exposing the hair cells to excessively loud sounds is called a _____ hearing loss.

A)noise-induced
B)compression
C)conductive
D)tympanic

Question 47

If you work in a noisy environment or enjoy loud music, motorcycling, snowmobiling, hunting, or similar pursuits, you may be risking a _____ hearing loss.

A)tympanic
B)threshold
C)sensorineural
D)conductive

Question 48

On weekends, 16-year-old Clanton likes to hunt, ride his motorcycle, and play drums in his local rock band.Clanton is at high risk for developing

A)a noise-induced hearing loss.
B)a sensorineural hearing loss.
C)the Hunter's notch.
D)all of these.

Question 49

Hearing loss caused when the eardrum or ossicles are damaged by disease or injury is a(n) _____ hearing loss.

A)noise-induced
B)conductive
C)sensorineural
D)aphasic

Question 50

Hunter's notch refers to a specific type of

A)heredity cochlea defect.
B)hearing loss.
C)the decibel level of gunfire.
D)ear protection device.

Question 51

Hearing loss caused by the immobilization of the auditory ossicles

A)can sometimes be overcome by the use of hearing aids.
B)is called conductive hearing loss.
C)may result from disease or injury.
D)is characterized all of these.

Question 52

A _____ hearing loss can be overcome with a hearing aid.

A)conductive
B)noise-induced
C)compression
D)sensorineural

Question 53

External hearing aids are of no use to an individual with a(n) _____ hearing loss.

A)ossicle
B)sensorineural
C)conductive
D)tympanic

Question 54

Prolonged exposure to very loud sounds may produce _____ hearing loss.

A)conductive
B)tympanic
C)compression
D)noise-induced

Question 55

Noise-induced hearing loss is a form of _____ hearing loss.

A)sensorineural
B)compression
C)conductive
D)tympanic

Question 56

Conductive and sensorineural are two types of

A)color blindness.
B)hearing loss.
C)visual acuity problems.
D)kinesthetic loss.

Question 57

Arnold is 60 years old and has begun experiencing a significant hearing loss.His doctor explains that his hearing loss is due to the ossicles of the middle ear becoming brittle with age.According to the doctor, Arnold is experiencing a _____ hearing loss.

A)cochlear
B)place
C)conductive
D)sensorineural

Question 58

College students are downloading very high-pitched ring tones for their cell phones because their middle-aged professors cannot hear these high pitches since by middle-age, most persons have _____ and cannot hear these high pitches.

A)some damage to the auditory ossicles.
B)several punctures to their eardrums.
C)had numerous ear infections that create chronic fluid build-up in their middle ears.
D)had damage to the hair cells in the cochlea.

Question 59

Regarding hearing loss, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Conductive hearing loss can be overcome with a hearing aid, which makes sounds louder and clearer.
B)Noise-induced hearing loss is a type of conductive loss.
C)By the time one is 65 years old, more than 40 percent of auditory hair cells will be gone.
D)Daily exposure to 85 decibels or more may cause permanent hearing loss.

Question 60

Marian has been diagnosed with a sensorineural hearing loss, which was most likely caused by

A)damage to the auditory ossicles.
B)a puncture to her eardrum.
C)chronic ear infections that led to fluid build-up in her middle ear.
D)damage to the hair cells in the cochlea.

Question 61

Short periods of exposure at 120 decibels may cause a partial loss of hearing called

A)transient conductivity.
B)temporary threshold shift.
C)temporary stimulation effect.
D)compression deafness.

Question 62

The normal conversation is _____ decibels.

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)80

Question 63

Which of the following are the chemical senses?

A)vision and hearing
B)hearing and tactile
C)smell and taste
D)smell and hearing

Question 64

The latest cochlear implants make use of the _____ theory to separate higher and lower tones.

A)frequency
B)place
C)conduction
D)stimulation

Question 65

Regarding the use of cochlear implants, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)About 60 percent of all multi-channel implant patients can understand some spoken words and appreciate music.
B)Many implant patients describe the sound as "like a radio that isn't quite tuned in."
C)Cochlear implants vibrate the tympanic membrane and oval window.
D)Deaf children who receive a cochlear implant before age two learn spoken language at a near normal rate.

Question 66

Which of the following can produce a permanent hearing loss?

A)brief exposure to sounds of at least 150 decibels
B)daily exposure to 60 decibels
C)prolonged exposure to high frequency sounds regardless of their intensity
D)all of these

Question 67

Sounds above _____ decibels mark the threshold of pain and pose an immediate danger to the hearing system.

A)80
B)100
C)110
D)130

Question 68

The faintest sound most people can hear is _____ decibels.

A)0 to 10
B)20 to 30
C)40 to 50
D)60 to 70

Question 69

You just attended a two-hour rock concert that exposed your auditory system to 120 decibels, and you cannot hear well for an hour after the concert.This partial, transitory loss of hearing is known as

A)transient conductivity.
B)temporary threshold shift.
C)temporary stimulation effect.
D)compression deafness.

Question 70

Devices that have recently been invented to correct hearing loss caused by damage to the hair cells are called

A)Hunter's notches.
B)stimulation implants.
C)conduction implants.
D)cochlear implants.

Question 71

Sound energy relating to the loudness of a sound is usually expressed in

A)cycles per second.
B)pitch.
C)decibels.
D)centimeters per linear foot.

Question 72

Tinnitus

A)decreases as one grows older.
B)indicates potential hearing loss following exposure to loud sounds.
C)is the distortion of sound one hears in iPod-style stereo headphones.
D)is the loss of hearing caused by damage to the auditory ossicles.

Question 73

Which of the following procedures bypasses the hair cells and directly stimulates the auditory nerves?

A)cochlear implant
B)hearing aid
C)biofeedback technique
D)decibel enhancer

Question 74

The decibel is the unit of measurement for

A)loudness.
B)frequency.
C)pitch.
D)complexity.

Question 75

Cochlear implants stimulate the _____ and are most appropriate for treating _____.

A)auditory nerve; sensorineural hearing loss
B)hair cells of the cochlea; conductive hearing loss
C)auditory nerves; agnosia
D)semicircular canals; anosmia

Question 76

The ringing sensation following exposure to loud sounds is called

A)olfaction.
B)tinnitus.
C)anosmia.
D)gustation.

Question 77

You go to see Metallica in concert and sit in the third row.After the three-hour concert (five encores!), you experience a ringing sensation in your ears.This condition is known as

A)agnosia.
B)tinnitus.
C)the temporary stimulation effect.
D)a conductive hearing loss.

Question 78

Rage Against the Machine reunites for a concert and you have seats in the third row.After the three-hour concert (five encores!), you experience a ringing sensation in your ears.It is probably likely that

A)you have temporarily damaged the auditory ossicles.
B)you have permanently damaged your eardrum.
C)hair cells have been damaged.
D)you have a conductive hearing loss.

Question 79

Regarding the decibel rating system for sounds, every 20 decibels has the effect of increasing the sound pressure by a factor of

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)20

Question 80

Regarding hearing loss, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Sensorineural hearing loss can be overcome with a hearing aid, which makes sounds louder and clearer.
B)The hair cells are as thin as a cobweb and are very fragile.
C)By the time one is 65 years old, more than 40 percent of auditory hair cells will be gone.
D)Brief exposure to 150 decibels may cause permanent hearing loss.