Deck 2: Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Question 1

Information is first received by a nerve cell at the

A)axon.
B)nucleus.
C)dendrites.
D)telodendria.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The branching fibers of the _____ end in _____ and link with parts of other neurons.

A)soma; somatic membranes
B)nucleus; nucleic dampers
C)dendrite; dendritic arcs
D)axon; axon terminals

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding neurons?

A)Most neurons have eight basic parts.
B)Millions of neurons must send messages at the same time to produce even the most fleeting thought.
C)Neurons link to one another in tight clumps and long "chains."
D)No two neurons are exactly alike.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The part of the nerve cell that carries information away from the cell body to other neurons is the

A)axon.
B)dendrite.
C)soma.
D)synapse.

Question 5

Regarding axons, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Some axons are only 0.1 millimeter long.
B)Some axons stretch up to a meter in length throughout the nervous system.
C)The human brain contains about three million miles of axon.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 6

The soma is the part of the nerve cell that

A)transmits information to the next neuron.
B)collects and combines incoming information.
C)carries nerve impulses over large distances.
D)forms branching connections at the end of each axon.

Question 7

Neurons are able to do which of the following?

A)carry information from the sense to the brain
B)activate muscles and glands
C)form vast networks that produce intelligence and consciousness
D)all of these

Question 8

Information in neurons usually flows in what order?

A)soma, dendrites, axon
B)dendrites, soma, axon
C)dendrites, myelin, axon terminals
D)axon, soma, axon terminals

Question 9

When a neuron is inactive, more of the _____ exist outside the neuron and more of the _____ exist inside the neuron.

A)positive ions; negative ions
B)negative ions; positive ions
C)myelin sheaths; neuropeptides
D)neuropeptides; myelin sheaths

Question 10

Axons "branch out" into smaller fibers ending in bulb-shaped axon_____, which form connections with the dendrites and somas of other neurons and allow information to pass from neuron to neuron.

A)arcs
B)terminals
C)receptor sites
D)vesicles

Question 11

Neurons are made up of dendrites, a soma, and

A)axons.
B)synapses.
C)diatons.
D)peptides.

Question 12

The part of the neuron which collects and combines information is called the

A)axon.
B)axon terminal.
C)ion channels.
D)soma.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron?

A)axon
B)axon terminal
C)synapse
D)soma

Question 14

Ions

A)can be found both inside and outside the nerve cell.
B)have a positive electric charge while neutrons have a negative charge.
C)have neither a positive nor a negative electrical charge.
D)can be found only inside the neuron, creating in your brain an electronic charge of about -90 millivolts.

Question 15

The charge that exists across the nerve cell membrane is a result of differing

A)amounts of DNA and RNA.
B)types of neurotransmitters on either side of the nerve cell membrane.
C)types of neurons inside and outside the nerve cell membrane.
D)concentrations of ions on either side of the nerve cell membrane.

Question 16

The brain consists of approximately 100 billion nerve cells called

A)somas.
B)nuclei.
C)neurotransmitters.
D)neurons.

Question 17

The individual nerve cells specialized to carry and process information are called

A)neurotransmitters.
B)synapses.
C)ions.
D)neurons.

Question 18

The electrically charged molecules that are involved in a nerve impulse are called

A)axons.
B)dendrites.
C)ampules.
D)ions.

Question 19

The cell body of a neuron is also called the

A)dendrite.
B)axon.
C)myelin.
D)soma.

Question 20

The part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the

A)axon.
B)myelin.
C)axon terminal.
D)dendrite.

Question 21

The fastest neurons can send impulses at about _____ miles per hour.

A)200
B)425
C)150
D)45

Question 22

After a nerve impulse, a neuron is temporarily less likely to fire because

A)the cell is still above its resting level.
B)potassium ions flow out of the neuron while the ion channels are open.
C)acetylcholine acts as an inhibitor.
D)a positive after-potential has occurred.

Question 23

During an action potential, the axon's ion channels pop open to allow _____ ions to rush into the axon.

A)sodium
B)potassium
C)chlorine
D)iodine

Question 24

If the electrical charge of the neuron changes to about a -50 millivolts, the neuron will reach its _____ for firing.

A)synaptic potential
B)negative after-potential
C)threshold
D)fusion level

Question 25

The fact that the inside of human neurons measures about -70 millivolts compared to the outside of the cell allows each neuron to act like a

A)tiny battery.
B)chemical reactor.
C)ion channel.
D)shock absorber.

Question 26

Resting potential

A)occurs when a neuron reaches -50 millivolts.
B)is the electrical charge of an inactive neuron.
C)occurs when a neuron reaches its threshold.
D)occurs when a neuron reaches its trigger point for firing.

Question 27

An action potential refers to the traveling of a nerve impulse along the

A)axon.
B)dendrite.
C)synapse.
D)ionic membrane.

Question 28

In the nervous system, the inactive neuron is said to be in a(n)

A)depolarized state.
B)resting potential.
C)action potential.
D)ionic potential.

Question 29

When the electrical charge of _____ millivolts occurs within a nerve cell, the threshold for firing has been reached.

A)- 10
B)- 50
C)+ 100
D)+ 10

Question 30

Electrically charged particles of the elements _____ are crucial in the transmission of the nerve impulse.

A)iron and sodium
B)iron and potassium
C)sodium and nickel
D)sodium and potassium

Question 31

Negative after-potential refers to

A)a nerve cell's electrical charge reaching its threshold.
B)a nerve cell reaching a negative trigger point.
C)a nerve cell briefly dropping below its resting level.
D)the axon's readiness for another wave of activity.

Question 32

An action potential

A)is strongest when neurilemma is present.
B)is an all-or-nothing event.
C)occurs when neurotransmitters enter the axon.
D)starts near the synapse.

Question 33

The channels that transport sodium and potassium within the axon are called

A)DNA and RNA channels.
B)membrane channels.
C)neurons channels.
D)ion channels.

Question 34

The "all or nothing event" refers to the fact that

A)nerve cells are continually in an action potential.
B)action potentials occur completely or not at all.
C)synaptic transmissions occur completely or not at all.
D)all the neurons in the brain fire or none of them fire.

Question 35

When a nerve impulse travels along an axon at a very high rate of speed (about 200 miles per hour), then you know that

A)a resting potential has been reached.
B)a charging potential has been reached.
C)a sensory neuron has been activated.
D)an action potential has been reached.

Question 36

When a neural impulse is occurring within a neuron, we say that a(n) _____ is occurring.

A)polarization
B)action potential
C)ionic potential
D)synaptic potential

Question 37

Neurons conduct an action potential

A)when sodium is pumped out of the neuron.
B)when molecular gates open to allow sodium ions into a neuron.
C)when the electrical stimulation dips below -70 millivolts.
D)only if surrounded by a myelin sheath.

Question 38

When a neuron reaches its threshold, a(n) _____ occurs.

A)volume potential
B)ion potential
C)action potential
D)dendrite potential

Question 39

The trigger point at which a neuron will "fire" is called

A)the ion charge.
B)the resting potential.
C)polarization.
D)the threshold.

Question 40

The conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called a(n)

A)ion potential.
B)action potential.
C)resting discharge.
D)synapse.

Question 41

Nerve cell bodies and dendrites are not the only locations sensitive to neurotransmitters.Receptor sites can also be found on

A)muscles and glands.
B)skeletal joints.
C)axon terminals.
D)all vital organs.

Question 42

Receptor sites on a neuron are primarily found on

A)dendrites and soma.
B)dendrites only.
C)axons only.
D)soma and axons.

Question 43

Neurotransmitters activate the receptor sites on

A)nerves and muscles.
B)nerves and glands.
C)nerves, glands, and muscles.
D)nerves only.

Question 44

Tiny areas on the surfaces of neurons and other cells that are sensitive to neurotransmitters or hormones are called

A)axon terminals.
B)somatic retention areas.
C)dendritic retention areas.
D)receptor sites.

Question 45

Neurotransmitters are stored in tiny sacs called ______, which move to the surface and release the neurotransmitters when a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon.

A)myelin sheaths
B)synaptic vesicles
C)neurilemmas
D)ion channels

Question 46

A neuron is less willing to fire when it is in a(n) _____.

A)action potential
B)resting potential
C)negative after-potential
D)depolarized state

Question 47

Communication within a neuron is _____, while communication between neurons is _____.

A)chemical; electrical
B)electrical; mechanical
C)electrical; chemical
D)mechanical; electrical

Question 48

What effect do neurotransmitters from one neuron have on the next neuron?

A)They have no effect.
B)They excite it.
C)They inhibit it.
D)They may excite or inhibit it.

Question 49

The action potential is an all or nothing event that is primarily

A)25 percent electrical and 75 percent chemical.
B)50 percent electrical and 50 percent chemical.
C)electrical.
D)chemical.

Question 50

Communication between neurons is considered to be a(n)____ change involving _____.

A)electrical; sodium ions
B)electrical; neurotransmitters
C)chemical; neurotransmitters
D)chemical; potassium ions

Question 51

Communication is carried out between neurons when neurotransmitters are released into the

A)neurilemma tunnel.
B)synaptic gap.
C)dendritic furrow.
D)ion channels.

Question 52

Neurotransmitters are released at the

A)axon hillock.
B)myelin sheath.
C)axon terminals.
D)teleodendria.

Question 53

Neurons "talk" to each other chemically when the _____ are released.

A)neurilemmas
B)neurotransmitters
C)somas
D)ion channels

Question 54

Negative after-potentials are caused by the outward flow of _____ from the axon.

A)negative charges
B)potassium ions
C)neurotransmitters
D)sodium ions

Question 55

_____ is the correct sequence of events in communicating a stimulus (such as stepping on a tack) to another neuron.

A)Stimulus - electrical impulse - neurotransmitter - receptor site
B)Electrical impulse - receptor site - neurotransmitter - stimulus
C)Stimulus - receptor site - neurotransmitter - electrical impulse
D)Receptor site - stimulus - electrical impulse - neurotransmitter

Question 56

The chemicals that are released at an axon terminal and can either excite or inhibit other neurons are called

A)synapses.
B)synaptic vesicles.
C)neurilemmas.
D)neurotransmitters.

Question 57

The neurotransmitters bind to the _____ located on the _____.

A)synaptic vesicles; dendrites
B)receptor sites; axon terminals
C)receptor sites; dendrites
D)synaptic vesicles; axon terminals

Question 58

Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are found in large numbers on the

A)axon hillock.
B)dendrites.
C)mitochondria.
D)myelin sheath.

Question 59

The tiny gaps separating neurons from one another and across which information must be transmitted are known as

A)synapses.
B)synaptic vesicles.
C)receptor sites.
D)ion channels.

Question 60

Which of the following best describes the means by which neurons communicate with each other?

A)Sodium ions from one neuron flow into a second neuron, and potassium ions flow out.
B)Potassium ions from one neuron flow into a second neuron, and sodium ions flow out.
C)Neurotransmitters flow across the synapse and attach to receptor sites.
D)Electrical charges cross the synapse.

Question 61

Ricardo was given curare and suffered paralysis.By attaching to receptor sites on his muscles, curare competes with

A)dopamine.
B)acetylcholine.
C)serotonin.
D)enkephalins.

Question 62

When you touch a hot stove, neurotransmitters cause you to jerk your hand away, while the pain produced causes your brain to release

A)acetylcholines.
B)histamines.
C)enkephalins.
D)neurilemmas.

Question 63

Chemicals that regulate the activity of other neurons are called

A)brain deregulators.
B)neural inductors.
C)neuropeptides.
D)ion channeling agents.

Question 64

Too little _____ can cause the shaking and muscle tremors of Parkinson's disease, while too much of this neurotransmitter can cause the severe mental disorder known as schizophrenia.

A)norepinephrine
B)acetylcholine
C)histamine
D)dopamine

Question 65

Enkephalins and endorphins are examples of

A)brain disregulators.
B)neural inductors.
C)neuropeptides.
D)ion channeling agents.

Question 66

Many of the chemicals that affect the brain operate by

A)absorbing neural impulses.
B)imitating or canceling the effects of neurotransmitters.
C)changing the sodium balance in the synapse.
D)duplicating the effect of potassium in the nuclei.

Question 67

_____ is the neurotransmitter that normally activates muscles.

A)Acetylcholine
B)Serotonin
C)Curare
D)Histamine

Question 68

Endorphins are released from the _____ gland.

A)adrenal
B)pituitary
C)pineal
D)thyroid

Question 69

The effect of many drugs may be a result of their

A)toxic effects on sensitive neural tissues.
B)ability to lower neural thresholds in brain tissue.
C)ability to imitate or block neurotransmitters.
D)stimulation of enkephalin production in the neuroplastic reserves.

Question 70

Acetylcholine, epinephrine, dopamine, and histamine are

A)neurotransmitters.
B)negative after-potentials.
C)synaptic ions.
D)neurilemmas.

Question 71

Regarding the action of neuropeptides, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Neuropeptides do not carry messages directly.
B)Neuropeptides regulate the activity of other neurons.
C)Neuropeptides affect memory, pain, hunger, and sexual behavior.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 72

Santana steps on a tack and jerks her foot back.This pain will

A)raise her endorphin levels.
B)lower her endorphin levels.
C)cause depolarization of her pain receptors.
D)cause a repolarization of her pain receptors.

Question 73

Needles inserted into the body during the acupuncture procedure may relieve pain because the pain

A)results in the release of the body's natural opiates.
B)blocks the functioning of pain-relieving neurons.
C)paralyzes the central nervous system.
D)suppresses the production of all neurotransmitters.

Question 74

The brain produces opiate-like neural regulators called _____ to help relieve stress and pain.

A)acetylcholines
B)histamines
C)enkephalins
D)neurilemmas

Question 75

When curare blocks the action of acetylcholine it

A)prevents muscle activation, causing paralysis.
B)stimulates muscle activity, causing convulsions.
C)retards cell growth, causing paralysis.
D)causes neurotransmitters to both inhibit and excite activity.

Question 76

The neurotransmitters that regulate pain, pleasure, and mood are called

A)ions.
B)artificial opiates.
C)placebos.
D)neuropeptides.

Question 77

The paralyzing effect of curare is caused by its ability to

A)block the action of acetylcholine at neuron-muscle synapses.
B)create an imbalance in the sodium content in the dendrite.
C)produce an overproduction of acetylcholine in the neural soma.
D)produce a disintegration at the synapse.

Question 78

Which of the following is/are examples of neurotransmitter?

A)norepinephrine
B)acetylcholine
C)histamine
D)all of these

Question 79

Without the neurotransmitter _____, you would not be able to use your muscles to walk nor would musicians be able to move their fingers to play their musical instruments.

A)curare
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)histamine

Question 80

_____ transmitter chemicals are found in the brain.

A)Fewer than 10
B)Fewer than 50
C)More than 100
D)No natural