Deck 14: Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

According to the text, dissociations are often triggered by

A)drug use.
B)organic brain damage.
C)traumatic events.
D)nothing that can be clearly identified as a cause.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Doris was at fault in a car accident in which her friend was killed.Although Doris's physical injuries were minor and did not involve head trauma, she was unable to remember who she was for a week afterward.This is an example of

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)post-traumatic stress disorder.
C)a fugue.
D)dissociative amnesia.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Ron served in Iraq as part of a special operations team that was pinned down for nearly 20 hours by enemy fire.After 18 months, he continued to relive the episode.This is a symptom of

A)post-traumatic stress disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)panic disorder with agoraphobia.
D)dissociative fugue.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The extreme reaction known as fugue refers to

A)physical flight to escape conflict.
B)severe depression.
C)hallucinations.
D)obsessive behavior.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a dissociative disorder?

A)schizophrenia
B)fugue
C)multiple personality
D)amnesia

Question 6

Carson recently lost his job and has a great debt accumulated from gambling.He also has been feeling extreme pressure about not being able to take care of his eight children.After having too much to drink, Carson ran over a child crossing the street.Immediately following this episode, Carson could not remember who he was.This example illustrates

A)dissociative amnesia.
B)dissociative fugue.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)multiple personality disorder.

Question 7

The story of Sybil, a woman who had 16 separate personalities, illustrates multiple personality, which is a rare form of

A)bipolar disorder.
B)schizophrenia.
C)dissociative disorder.
D)personality disorder.

Question 8

The dynamics of a fugue episode involve

A)repetitious thoughts and actions to control anxiety.
B)flight from conflict or threat.
C)redirection of hostile impulses into socially acceptable behavior.
D)denial of one's true feelings by acting in the opposite manner.

Question 9

The disorder called _____ is characterized by symptoms of extensive amnesia, sudden, unexplained traveling from home, and confusion about one's personal identity.

A)dissociative identity disorder
B)dissociative fugue
C)dissociative amnesia
D)schizophrenia

Question 10

In most cases, dissociative identity disorder occurs as a response to

A)an overdose of drugs or alcohol.
B)inconsistency in parental discipline.
C)a concussion or other injury to the brain.
D)extreme abuse or trauma.

Question 11

Susan was unable to explain or remember her frequent escapades, strange clothing, or phone calls from people she claimed she did not know.While in a therapy session, Susan's demeanor changed and she became Jan, who stated that Susan was a bore and did not know anything.Susan's psychologist thinks that Susan may be suffering from

A)schizophrenia.
B)a dissociative fugue.
C)a dissociative identity disorder.
D)a bipolar disorder.

Question 12

Tony has frequent, intrusive recollections of his combat experiences in Vietnam that occurred almost 40 years ago.He has episodes of insomnia due to frequent nightmares about his experiences.Tony also avoids particular situations, like war movies and firework displays because he becomes so tense.It is most likely that Tony is suffering from

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)post-traumatic stress disorder.
C)acute stress disorder.
D)dissociative fugue disorder.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of dissociative amnesia?

A)Carl frequently forgets the names of people he does not like.
B)Gwen often tries to draw attention by pretending she doesn't remember who she is.
C)Following a series of personal traumas, Vince could not identify himself or recall his past.
D)Laura recalls her name and past, but not events that have happened since a concussion in May.

Question 14

Dorothy, a Connecticut homemaker, disappeared after her husband and children were killed in a car accident.Four months later, she was found in a convent in New Orleans.Dorothy claimed that her name was Sister Francis Odile and that she had always been a nun and did not know anyone by the name of Dorothy.Even after being positively identified by family members, Dorothy continued to insist that her name was Sister Francis Odile.Dorothy is most likely suffering from

A)a dissociative fugue disorder.
B)a bipolar disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)a conversion disorder.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of dissociative fugue?

A)Len feels that he is a woman trapped in a man's body.
B)Jerry is found disoriented, wandering in Manhattan, hundreds of miles from his home in Kentucky.
C)Clara is arrested in Chicago for using a false identity to commit credit card fraud.
D)At times, Ben claims to be a mechanic named Jack and, at other times, a financial consultant named Trevor.

Question 16

Fleeing from familiar surroundings to escape extreme threat is called

A)agoraphobia.
B)amnesia.
C)fight-or-flight.
D)fugue.

Question 17

A person that has the dissociative disorder known as fugue exhibits a confusion about his or her personal identity and

A)abruptly travels away from home.
B)develops a severe depression.
C)has frequent auditory hallucinations.
D)shows obsessive behavior.

Question 18

When her family found her, Sheila was living in Los Angeles, California, under the self-chosen name of Priscilla Elliot and was working as a bartender.Sheila claimed to have no memory of her previous life as a nurse in Houston.Sheila appears to have

A)schizophrenia.
B)a dissociative fugue.
C)a dissociative identity disorder.
D)a bipolar disorder.

Question 19

_____ was formally referred to as multiple personalities and is characterized by having two or more alternating personalities, each with its own name, personal history, and self-image.

A)Schizophrenia
B)Dissociative fugue
C)Dissociative identity disorder
D)Bipolar disorder

Question 20

Jeremy is unable to recall who he is or where he lives.If Jeremy's only symptom is this loss of memory, and if he has not experienced any physical trauma to the brain, his amnesia would be considered a(n)

A)somatoform disorder.
B)anxiety disorder.
C)delusional disorder.
D)dissociative disorder.

Question 21

Regarding somatoform disorders, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Persons with hypochondriasis cannot give up their fear of illness, even when doctors can find no medical basis for their complaints.
B)Persons with a somatization disorder express their anxieties through numerous bodily complaints, fell ill much of the time, and visit doctors repeatedly.
C)A person with a pain disorder is disabled by pain that has no identifiable physical cause.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 22

Multiple personality, or dissociative identity disorder, has been linked to

A)phobias.
B)panic attacks.
C)child abuse.
D)dementia.

Question 23

Regarding dissociative identity disorder, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)When a person has a dissociative identity disorder, the person often experiences episodes of psychosis.
B)When one personality is in control, the core personality will experience a "time lapse," or a memory blackout.
C)Each personality may have a distinct voice, vocabulary, and posture, that another personality does not have.
D)Identity disorders often begin with unbearable childhood experiences with the first dissociation allowing the child to escape by creating another person to suffer the pain.

Question 24

A person who regularly interprets normal body sensations as signs of a serious disease has

A)a conversion reaction.
B)hypochondriasis.
C)a psychosomatic disorder.
D)a delusional disorder.

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of dissociative identity disorder?

A)Ed has a shy personality, but he sometimes abruptly takes on the personality of Sal, a rather brash scoundrel.
B)Because of intense hostility toward her parents, Michelle had her name legally changed to "X".
C)Eighty-year-old David has recently been having trouble remembering his name and past due to a circulation problem.
D)Lisa, who believes that she is daughter of Joan of Arc, hears voices and often can be seen talking out loud to herself.

Question 26

Edgar is experiencing severe back pain that has no identifiable physical cause.Edgar's pain disorder would be classified as a(n)

A)anxiety disorder.
B)somatoform disorder.
C)organic mental disorder.
D)dissociative disorder.

Question 27

Even though Tomas has never smoked, he immediately thinks that his bad cough is the result of lung cancer rather than the common cold.Tomas is most likely suffering from

A)conversion disorder.
B)hypochondriasis.
C)organic mental disorder.
D)psychosomatic illness.

Question 28

Even though she is very healthy, Renee is overconcerned with her health.She is preoccupied with developing cancer, so she spends a lot of time reading about cancer, checking her moles, and going for cancer screenings more often than necessary.Renee is most likely suffering from

A)conversion disorder.
B)hypochondriasis.
C)organic mental disorder.
D)psychosomatic illness.

Question 29

Before the doctor sees Mina, the nurse asks Mina a series of questions regarding her bodily complaints.Mina tells the nurse that in the past week she has had vomiting, constipation, shortness of breath, difficulty swallowing, numbness in her feet at night, a painful tingling in her feet during the day, and headaches that keep her in bed most of the day.The nurse suspects that Mina may have

A)hypochondriasis.
B)a somatization disorder.
C)a pain disorder.
D)a conversion disorder.

Question 30

Hypochondriasis, pain disorders, and conversion disorders are types of _____ disorders.

A)psychosomatic
B)dissociative
C)somatoform
D)organic mental

Question 31

In contrast to hypochondriasis, somatization disorders result when

A)anxieties are expressed as numerous physical ailments.
B)physical ailments produce anxiety.
C)a normal bodily function, such as mild indigestion after a spicy meal, is interpreted as a serious illness.
D)a real, physical injury produces dissociation.

Question 32

Regarding dissociative identity disorders, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A history of heavy drug use as teenagers was found in over 95 percent of persons whose personalities split into multiple identities.
B)The goal of therapy is integration and fusion of the identities into a single, balanced personality.
C)Therapy for dissociative identity disorders makes use of hypnosis, which allows contact with the various personality states.
D)A majority of psychologists continue to believe that multiple identity is a real, but rare problem.

Question 33

Multiple personality, or dissociative identity disorder, often begins

A)as a result of combat exhaustion.
B)in adulthood as a response to unremitting phobias.
C)as a consequence of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)in childhood as a result of unbearable experiences.

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of pain disorder?

A)While resting prior to a scheduled boxing match, Terry develops an elbow pain with no physical explanation.
B)Craig repeatedly engages in activities with a high risk of painful injury, almost as if he enjoys the pain.
C)Due to neural damage, Darlene has numbness that prevents her from feeling pain in her hands.
D)Due to psychological disorder, Darlene has numbness that prevents her from feeling pain in her hands.

Question 35

A person, who experiences a long series of imagined physical complaints, feels ill much of the time, and visits doctors repeatedly, would most likely be suffering from

A)a conversion reaction.
B)somatization disorder.
C)a traumatic disorder.
D)an obsession.

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of hypochondriasis?

A)Mary wears a knee brace because it is weak from a series of injuries.
B)Prior to a crucial playoff game, Steve abruptly develops a limp with no apparent cause.
C)When Sara is scheduled to give presentations, she usually vomits throughout the morning.
D)Because Wally's heart rate rises during exertion, he thinks he has blocked arteries.

Question 37

Regarding dissociative disorders, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Some experts question the existence of multiple personalities.
B)Dissociative amnesia refers to the inability to remember one's name or past.
C)Schizophrenia is one type of dissociative disorder.
D)Dissociations may serve as defenses against the extreme anxiety of traumatic events.

Question 38

Mac has been to numerous doctors regarding the pain in his hips and knees.Although Mac is clearly experiencing pain in these areas, the doctors can find no sign of arthritis or muscular damage.Mac may be experiencing

A)Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
B)a type of anxiety disorder known as a obsessive disorder.
C)a type of somatoform disorder known as a pain disorder.
D)a psychosomatic disorder.

Question 39

When an affected person fakes the medical problems of someone in his or her care in order to gain attention, that person would be diagnosed with

A)Munchausen syndrome.
B)Prader-Willi syndrome.
C)Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
D)a conversion disorder.

Question 40

Sarah says that she feels "sick" all the time and has consulted many different doctors regarding her numerous physical complaints.However, no organic cause can be identified for any of these physical complaints.Sarah most likely has

A)hypochondriasis.
B)a somatization disorder.
C)a pain disorder.
D)a conversion disorder.

Question 41

When people fake their own medical problems in order to gain attention and sympathy from medical professionals, they would be diagnosed with

A)Munchausen syndrome.
B)Prader-Willi syndrome.
C)Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
D)a conversion disorder.

Question 42

A characteristic of conversion disorders is that the person

A)is usually extremely distressed by the disability.
B)still has the symptoms when hypnotized.
C)is not disturbed by the disability.
D)has nothing to gain by feigning disability.

Question 43

Rudy was diagnosed with Munchausen Syndrome, schizoaffective disorder, and a borderline personality disorder.This multiple diagnosis illustrates that

A)there are many names for the same disorder.
B)many disturbed people are comorbid.
C)these are all symptoms of the same larger category of disorders.
D)psychological diagnosis is really just guesswork.

Question 44

Sam had been sick since he was a young child.He was rushed to the hospital by his desperately concerned mother.Although his mother was praised by the hospital personnel for her attentiveness, the doctors discovered that the mother had been injecting her son with 7-up to make him sick so she could get the attention and sympathy of the medical personnel and be considered a "concerned, devoted" mother.Sam's mother would most likely be diagnosed with

A)Munchausen syndrome by proxy
B)an obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Prader-Willis syndrome
D)a conversion disorder

Question 45

When a person's complaint takes the form of physical symptoms that resemble disease or disability (lameness, deafness, or anesthesia), the problem is termed

A)anxiety psychosis.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)dissociative reaction.
D)conversion reaction.

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of conversion disorder?

A)To Alan, things that are hot feel as if they are cold.
B)Even the lightest touch causes Carol to feel excruciating pain.
C)Following destruction of his home by a storm, Greg developed an unexplainable blindness.
D)Sandra seems to "challenge" pain by doing things like getting tattoos and body piercings.

Question 47

Although the doctors can find no physical reason for his symptoms, Aaron reports that he is unable to feel anything with any part of his left hand from the wrist to his fingertips.This is

A)a conversion disorder.
B)a neural disorder.
C)a common result of compulsive hand-washing.
D)hypochondriasis.

Question 48

When anxiety or severe emotional conflicts are transformed into physical symptoms resembling disease or disability, it is called

A)traumatic neurosis.
B)a psychosomatic illness.
C)a dissociative fugue state.
D)a conversion disorder.

Question 49

The susceptibility to anxiety-based disorders appears to be

A)completely inherited.
B)partly inherited.
C)completely caused by environmental factors.
D)of an unknown origin.

Question 50

Halley enjoys the attention she receives when she goes to the doctor, so she has been making herself appear sick by deliberately causing minor ankle sprains or by complaining of frequent "headaches" and "heart palpitations." Halley would most likely be diagnosed with

A)Munchausen syndrome.
B)Prader-Willi syndrome.
C)Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
D)a conversion disorder.

Question 51

When a person suffers from more than one mental disorder at a time, the person is said to be

A)in a dissociative fugue state.
B)comorbid.
C)a psychotic state.
D)exhibiting a conversion disorder.

Question 52

Glove anesthesia strongly implies the existence of a(n) _____ disorder.

A)organic mental
B)depersonalization
C)somatization
D)conversion

Question 53

Brittany awakens on her wedding day and her legs are paralyzed.Her parents rush her to the emergency room.The hospital staff immediately notices that Brittany is strangely unconcerned by her condition.After numerous tests, the doctors have not found any physical reason for her paralysis.During the night, nurses also notice that Brittany moved her legs while she was asleep.Brittany's "paralysis" appears to be due to a(n)

A)somatization disorder.
B)organic mental disorder.
C)conversion disorder.
D)dissociative disorder.

Question 54

Most people with _____ are mothers who fabricate their children's illnesses and sometimes even deliberately harm their children to make them sick.

A)Prader-Willis syndrome
B)an obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Munchausen syndrome by proxy
D)a conversion disorder

Question 55

In _____, an affected person fakes the medical problems of someone in his or her care in order to gain attention, while a person who fakes his or her own medical problems to gain attention would be diagnosed with _____.

A)Munchausen syndrome; Munchausen syndrome by proxy
B)a somatization disorder; a conversion disorder
C)Munchausen syndrome by proxy; Munchausen syndrome
D)a conversion disorder; somatization disorder

Question 56

Ben was usually in the hospital at least 15 times a year.He was taking 19 different medications, and his mother said that she desperately wanted him to be healed.The doctors discovered that there was nothing wrong with Ben.However, his mother was eventually diagnosed with _____ because she had a pathological need to seek attention and sympathy from medical professionals by "keeping her child sick."

A)Munchausen syndrome by proxy
B)an obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Prader-Willis syndrome
D)a conversion disorder

Question 57

If a person is comorbid,

A)he or she is suffering from more than one disorder at a time.
B)his or her emotional misery is increased.
C)it makes it more difficult for health care providers to diagnose and treat them.
D)all of these are occurring.

Question 58

Regarding conversion disorders, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)When a person has a conversion disorder, the symptoms tend to disappear when the victim is asleep, anesthetized, or hypnotized.
B)Uncontrollable sneezing, which continues for days or weeks and is atypical in rate and rhythm, is often a conversion disorder.
C)Victims of conversion reactions are strangely unconcerned about suddenly being disabled.
D)Conversion disorders are one type of psychosomatic illness.

Question 59

"Glove anesthesia" is a

A)legal defense approach used when a psychological disorder is in question.
B)medication used to reduce the symptoms of somatoform disorders.
C)dissociative disorder.
D)loss of feeling in the hand that contradicts the known workings of the nervous system.

Question 60

Although Armand has been in several fierce battles during the war, he awakens on the morning of a planned invasion completely blind.The doctors find no brain injury or injury to his eyes, but Armand still cannot see.For most people, blindness would be a disturbing disability to develop, but Armand is strangely unconcerned about his sudden blindness.The doctors suspect that Armand has a(n)

A)somatization disorder.
B)organic mental disorder.
C)conversion disorder.
D)dissociative disorder.

Question 61

A therapist begins treatment of Amy's hypochondriasis by asking extensive questions to find out how Amy sees herself and if she has built up any unrealistic mental images of herself.This is representative of the _____ approach.

A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)behaviorist
D)cognitive

Question 62

Adolescents may experience considerable _____ as they develop their identity and realize that they are personally responsible for their lives.

A)moral anxiety
B)existential anxiety
C)inappropriate conditioning
D)forbidden id impulses

Question 63

Mitzi's therapist tells her that her anxiety is due to her failure to make choices in her life that truly reflect what she values, feels, and believes.He encourages Mitzi to make wise and courageous choices in her life and take responsibility for finding meaning and happiness in life.Mitzi's therapist supports the _____ approach to understanding anxiety.

A)cognitive
B)psychodynamic
C)existential
D)behavioral

Question 64

According to the _____ approach, anxiety disorders represent a raging conflict among the subparts of the personality, which forces the person to use rigid defense mechanisms and misguided, inflexible behavior to prevent a loss of control.

A)humanistic-existential
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)psychodynamic

Question 65

According to Carl Rogers, when the information we get from the outside world contradicts our perceptions of ourselves, we become vulnerable to

A)a conversion reaction or anxiety attacks.
B)split personalities.
C)schizophrenia.
D)delusional disorders.

Question 66

_____ is the unavoidable anguish that comes from knowing we are personally responsible for our lives and need to make wise and courageous choices in order to find meaning in this impersonal world.

A)Neurotic anxiety
B)Moral anxiety
C)Existential anxiety
D)The anxiety reduction hypothesis

Question 67

According to Freud, anxiety disorders result from

A)the use of rigid defense mechanisms to try to control forbidden impulses.
B)faulty self-concepts.
C)conditioned emotional responses that generalize to new situations.
D)distorted thinking patterns.

Question 68

An existentialist therapist would view unhealthy anxiety as

A)a loss of meaning in one's life.
B)a raging conflict among the id, ego, and superego.
C)the effects of learning and conditioning.
D)the result of distorted thinking.

Question 69

Which of the following is a Freudian interpretation of an anxiety-based disorder?

A)Steve's compulsion with neatness is an exaggerated superego response to impulsive feelings.
B)Because her parents both have panic disorder, Dawn is also predisposed to develop the disorder.
C)A near-fatal accident conflicted with Tim's "responsible adult" self-image, resulting in dissociation.
D)The overwhelming magnitude of Sandy's life choices has led to general anxiety disorder.

Question 70

Unhealthy anxiety reflects a loss of meaning in one's life, according to the _____ perspective.

A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)existential

Question 71

According to _____ theory, emotional disorders are the end product of a faulty self-image when anxious individuals build up unrealistic mental images of themselves.

A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)cognitive
D)behavioral

Question 72

Regarding the causes of anxiety disorders, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Sixty percent of children born to parents suffering from panic disorder have a fearful, inhibited temperament and are at a high risk for anxiety problems when they become adults.
B)Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers believed that anxious individuals have built up unrealistic, mental images of themselves.
C)A behaviorist would explain that the powerful reward of immediate relief from anxiety keeps self-defeating avoidance behaviors alive.
D)Psychologists who take an existential view emphasize that unhealthy anxiety is caused by forbidden id impulses for sex or aggression that threaten to break through into behavior.

Question 73

Studies have shown that when parents suffer from pain disorders, their children tend to

A)be irritable and wary as infants and shy and fearful as toddlers.
B)be quiet and cautious introverts in elementary school.
C)be at high risk for anxiety problems, such as panic attacks, when they reach adulthood.
D)show all of these.

Question 74

The _____ approach explains anxiety-based disorders through internal motives, conflicts, unconscious forces, and other dynamics of mental life.

A)humanistic-existential
B)psychodynamic
C)cognitive
D)behavioral

Question 75

_____ was the first to propose a psychodynamic explanation for what he called "neurosis."

A)Freud
B)Rogers
C)Maslow
D)Skinner

Question 76

Studies have shown

A)that being high strung, nervous, or emotional runs in families.
B)that susceptibility to anxiety-based disorders appears to be partly inherited.
C)that 60 percent of children born to parents suffering from panic disorder have a fearful, inhibited temperament.
D)all of these.

Question 77

From the _____ view, people who are anxious are living in "bad faith," that is, they have collapsed in the face of the awesome responsibility to choose a meaningful existence.Instead, they are making choices that do not truly reflect what they value, feel, and believe.

A)cognitive
B)existential
C)psychodynamic
D)behavioral

Question 78

"I believe Amanda's anxiety and defensiveness are the result of an unrealistic self-image and an inability to take responsibility for her feelings." This statement would most likely have been made by which of the following?

A)psychodynamic theorist
B)Freudian therapist
C)humanistic-existential psychologist
D)behavioristic theorist

Question 79

Threats to one's self-image are a key element in the _____ approach to understanding anxiety attacks, conversion reactions, and similar symptoms.

A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)cognitive
D)behavioral

Question 80

The Freudian explanation of anxiety disorders emphasizes

A)the avoidance paradox.
B)learned habits of self-defeating behavior.
C)forbidden sexual and aggressive impulses that threaten a loss of control.
D)the development of a faulty or inaccurate self-image and distorted self-perceptions.