Deck 14: Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

_____ is sometimes called hebephrenic schizophrenia and closely matches the stereotyped images of "madness" seen in movies.

A)Disorganized schizophrenia
B)Paranoid psychosis
C)Catatonic schizophrenia
D)Multiple personalities

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A person with _____ has very bizarre, unconvincing delusions of persecution and grandeur as well as auditory hallucinations, while a person whose delusions are about experiences that could occur in real life and does not show hallucinations would most likely be diagnosed with _____.

A)multiple personalities; paranoid schizophrenia
B)paranoid schizophrenia; multiple personalities
C)paranoid schizophrenia; paranoid psychosis
D)multiple personalities; paranoid psychosis

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The most common type of schizophrenia is the _____ subtype.

A)undifferentiated
B)paranoid
C)catatonic
D)disorganized

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Disorganized schizophrenia typically develops in

A)young toddlers and preschool children.
B)elementary school-age children.
C)adolescents and young adults.
D)the middle aged and elderly adults.

Question 5

Hal is a resident at a psychiatric facility.He often remains motionless in an odd posture for hours and sometimes days at time.There are also occasional periods when he exhibits agitated outbursts.From which subtype of schizophrenia is Hal probably suffering?

A)paranoid
B)hebephrenic
C)catatonic
D)disorganized

Question 6

Gene's personality disintegration is extreme.He is experiencing fragmented delusions and auditory hallucinations and engages in silly laughter, bizarre mannerisms, and obscene behaviors and speech.Gene's diagnosis is most likely _____ schizophrenia.

A)paranoid
B)borderline
C)catatonic
D)disorganized

Question 7

Hallucinations and bizarre, unconvincing delusions are typical of

A)paranoid psychosis.
B)paranoid schizophrenia.
C)both paranoid psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia.
D)neither paranoid psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia.

Question 8

Disorganized schizophrenia is characterized by

A)attacks of fear or panic.
B)silliness, laughter, and bizarre and obscene behavior.
C)delusions of persecution.
D)severe depression.

Question 9

_____ schizophrenia is marked by stupor, rigidity, unresponsiveness, posturing, mutism, and, sometimes, agitated, purposeless behavior.

A)Catatonic
B)Paranoid
C)Disorganized
D)Undifferentiated

Question 10

Regarding disorganized schizophrenia, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Disorganized schizophrenia typically develops in adolescence or young adulthood.
B)Disorganized schizophrenia is marked by mutism, posturing, stupor, and rigidity.
C)The chances of improvement for disorganized schizophrenia are limited with social impairment usually being extreme.
D)Disorganized schizophrenia comes closest to matching the stereotyped images of "madness" seen in movies.

Question 11

Which major subtype of schizophrenia has become rare in Europe and North America?

A)disorganized schizophrenia
B)catatonic schizophrenia
C)paranoid schizophrenia
D)undifferentiated schizophrenia

Question 12

Individuals with _____ schizophrenia appear to be struggling desperately to control their inner turmoil through their mutism and rigid posturing, which are similar to most people's tendency to "freeze" at times of great emergency or panic.

A)catatonic
B)paranoid
C)disorganized
D)undifferentiated

Question 13

Mutism, stupor, and a marked decrease in responsiveness to the environment make patients with _____ schizophrenia difficult to "reach."

A)paranoid
B)catatonic
C)hebephrenic
D)disorganized

Question 14

Which of the following subtypes of schizophrenia involves maintaining a particular body position for long periods of time?

A)disorganized
B)catatonic
C)paranoid
D)undifferentiated

Question 15

Grace's actions resemble movie stereotypes of "crazy" behavior.Her personality disintegration is extreme.She engages in silly laughter, bizarre mannerisms, and obscene behavior.Her diagnosis is probably _____ schizophrenia.

A)paranoid
B)borderline
C)catatonic
D)disorganized

Question 16

The subtype of schizophrenia marked by incoherence, grossly disorganized behavior, bizarre thinking, and a flat affect or grossly inappropriate emotions is called

A)disorganized.
B)paranoid.
C)catatonic.
D)undifferentiated.

Question 17

As long as the psychiatric nurse remains very quiet, she can move Jacob's arms and legs and shift his body position.Once he has been moved, he will remain so until someone moves him again.The unusual stupor state is sometimes observed in _____ schizophrenia.

A)borderline
B)disorganized
C)catatonic
D)paranoid

Question 18

When the psychologist asks Darcey about her mother's recent death, she giggles and begins making the sign of the "cross" numerous times in the air.Darcey's speech also resembled a jumbled "word salad" as well as being frequently peppered with screams and obscenities.Her diagnosis is probably _____ schizophrenia.

A)paranoid
B)borderline
C)catatonic
D)disorganized

Question 19

The four major subtypes of schizophrenia are

A)borderline, histrionic, paranoid, and atypical.
B)disorganized, catatonic, paranoid, and undifferentiated.
C)depressive, manic, dysthymic, and cyclothymic.
D)stuporous, agitated, acute, and chronic.

Question 20

Ted believes that space aliens have replaced all of his internal organs with electronic monitoring devices, while Jeff believes that an FBI agent is following him.Regarding the severity of each person's symptoms, Ted would most likely be diagnosed with _____, while Jeff would be diagnosed with _____.

A)paranoid schizophrenia; paranoid psychosis
B)multiple personalities; paranoid schizophrenia
C)paranoid psychosis; a conversion disorder
D)a conversion disorder; multiple personalities

Question 21

Recent research has found that children whose mothers contracted either rubella or influenza during the middle of her pregnancy, or the child's exposure to early psychological trauma or deviant communication patterns within their families, have a higher risk of developing

A)a bipolar disorder.
B)an organic mental disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)a conversion disorder.

Question 22

A person who has displayed overtime personality disintegration, rigidity and posturing, and delusions of persecution would be best diagnosed as having _____ schizophrenia.

A)catatonic
B)disorganized
C)paranoid
D)undifferentiated

Question 23

Because there is considerable overlap among the types of schizophrenia and because patterns of behavior shift over time, many patients are simply classified as suffering from _____ schizophrenia.

A)generalized
B)atypical
C)disorganized
D)undifferentiated

Question 24

Women who are exposed to _____ during the middle of pregnancy have children who are more likely to become schizophrenic.

A)toxoplasmosis or to cytomegalovirus
B)a flu virus or to rubella
C)phenothiazines or alcohol
D)X-rays or other types of radiation

Question 25

The LEAST prone to violence would be a person who

A)is young, male, poor, and intoxicated but does not have a mental disorder.
B)is a former mental patient who is not actively psychotic.
C)has a psychotic mental disorder and is also involved with substance abuse.
D)is actively experiencing delusions and hallucinations, but is not showing any anxiety.

Question 26

Paranoid schizophrenia is characterized by

A)delusions of grandeur and persecution.
B)severe depression.
C)silliness and bizarre behavior.
D)mutism.

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding violence and psychosis is/are TRUE?

A)News reports and television programs tend to exaggerate the connection between mental illness and violence.
B)People who strongly believe that the mentally ill are prone to violence are typically afraid to have former mental patients as neighbors, coworkers, or friends.
C)Only a small minority of the actively mentally ill poses an increased risk with the vast majority being non-violent.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 28

Regarding the mentally ill and violence, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Former mental patients are no more likely to be violent than people in general.
B)Only people who are actively psychotic are more prone to violence than non-patients.
C)A young intoxicated poor male is more likely to be violent than a mental patient.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 29

Sara believes that she is the daughter of Jesus Christ.Every room in her apartment is adorned with crosses; and she wears three around her neck at all times to prevent evil spirits from entering her body.Sara also hears "voices," which tell her to "get down on her knees," which she readily obeys even if she is in the middle of the street.The "voices" have also commanded her to throw rocks at two of the neighborhood boys because they are the sons of Satan.Sara would most likely be diagnosed as having

A)paranoid psychosis.
B)disorganized schizophrenia.
C)dissociative disorder.
D)paranoid schizophrenia.

Question 30

Marta believes that her husband has been replaced by a space alien, while Tanya believes against all evidence that her husband is unfaithful.Marta would most likely be diagnosed with _____, while Tanya would be diagnosed with _____.

A)paranoid schizophrenia; paranoid psychosis
B)multiple personalities; paranoid schizophrenia
C)paranoid psychosis; a conversion disorder
D)a conversion disorder; multiple personalities

Question 31

Recent research has found that children who were exposed to psychological trauma or deviant communication patterns have a higher risk of developing

A)a bipolar disorder.
B)an organic mental disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)a conversion disorder.

Question 32

James Huberty, who killed 21 people at a fast-food restaurant, was considered by some observers to have _____ because he believed everyone was persecuting him and he had been hearing hallucinating voices.

A)paranoid schizophrenia
B)undifferentiated schizophrenia
C)paranoid psychosis
D)a schizotypal personality

Question 33

_____ schizophrenics shift from one pattern of schizophrenic behavior to another with an overlap of symptoms.

A)Catatonic
B)Disorganized
C)Paranoid
D)Undifferentiated

Question 34

Emily has barricaded herself in her home.She believes that aliens are trying to take over her mind and body.She has wrapped herself in aluminum foil in order to prevent the penetration of the cosmic rays that she has "seen" coming down through her ceiling.Emily believes that she alone has been given the power by God to tell real humans from aliens pretending to be humans so she can destroy them.Emily would most likely be diagnosed as having

A)paranoid psychosis.
B)disorganized schizophrenia.
C)dissociative disorder.
D)paranoid schizophrenia.

Question 35

Regarding mental illness and violence, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Only persons who are actively psychotic are more violence prone than non-patients.
B)People who are young, male, poor, and intoxicated are much more prone to violence than the average mental patient.
C)By far, most violent crimes are committed by people who are not mentally ill.
D)Violent behavior is related to having been a mental patient in the past or having had psychotic symptoms in the past.

Question 36

Which of the following statements regarding violence and mental illness is/are TRUE?

A)Only those who are actively psychotic are more prone to violence.
B)People who are mentally ill commit the overwhelming majority of violent crimes.
C)Violent behavior is related to having had psychotic symptoms in the past.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 37

Under what circumstances do mental problems represent an elevated risk of violence?

A)when a person has experienced a major mood disorder in the past
B)when a person currently has a somatoform disorder
C)when a person is actively psychotic (currently experiencing delusions and hallucinations)
D)in none of these situations since mental problems never represent an elevated risk for violence

Question 38

_____ schizophrenia usually involves delusions of persecution and grandeur.

A)Catatonic
B)Disorganized
C)Paranoid
D)Undifferentiated

Question 39

Ginny's mother was exposed to the influenza virus midway through her pregnancy as well as being malnourished during much of her pregnancy.Due to these prenatal factors, Ginny is more likely to

A)show increased serotonin and acetylcholine production.
B)have an incomplete development of the corpus callosum.
C)develop ADD or ADHD, which, in turn, increases the risk of bipolar disorder.
D)have disturbance in brain development, leaving her more vulnerable to a psychotic break with reality during adolescence or young adulthood.

Question 40

Which of the following prenatal situations has been shown to increase the risk of the developing child being more vulnerable to developing schizophrenia later in life?

A)mother contracting influenza during the middle of her pregnancy
B)mother contracting rubella during the middle of her pregnancy
C)malnutrition during pregnancy
D)all of these

Question 41

In terms of the hereditary potential (i.e., genetic relatedness) for developing schizophrenia, the risk is about as high for the fraternal twin of a schizophrenic as for

A)the identical twin of a schizophrenic.
B)a child with one schizophrenic parent.
C)a child with two schizophrenic parents.
D)a non-twin sibling of a schizophrenic.

Question 42

The observations that LSD can cause psychotic-like reactions and that drugs that counteract LSD overdoses also relieve schizophrenic symptoms suggest that psychosis may be

A)environmentally-induced.
B)a biochemical disorder.
C)caused by drug addiction.
D)curable through the use of phenothiazines.

Question 43

A researcher seeking an organic basis for schizophrenia would be well-advised to investigate the role of

A)amphetamines and amphetamine receptors.
B)adrenaline and noradrenaline.
C)histamine and antihistamine.
D)dopamine and glutamate.

Question 44

Some researchers believe schizophrenia results from brain receptors becoming super- responsive to normal amounts of

A)schizotoxin.
B)psychotropin.
C)dopamine.
D)acetylcholine.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a likely factor in the development of schizophrenia?

A)phenothiazines
B)the father's age at the time of conception
C)biochemical abnormalities
D)complications at birth

Question 46

The neurotransmitter _____ appears to trigger a flood of unrelated thoughts, feelings, and perceptions, which may account for the voices, hallucinations, and delusions of schizophrenia.

A)dopamine.
B)psychotropin.
C)schizotoxin.
D)acetylcholine.

Question 47

The risk of developing schizophrenia for the general population is _____ percent.

A)1
B)5
C)10
D)25

Question 48

Which of the following has been found to be related to the development of schizophrenia?

A)LSD usage by the mother
B)the individual having genius-level intelligence
C)the individual being an only child
D)deviant communication patterns within the family

Question 49

If a person suffering from schizophrenia has an identical twin, that twin will have a _____ percent chance of also becoming schizophrenic.

A)1
B)28
C)48
D)75

Question 50

Regarding the development of schizophrenia, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Genetic mutations occur in aging male reproductive cells and increase the risk of schizophrenia for the children of older fathers.
B)If one identical twin becomes schizophrenic, then the other twin has a 95 percent chance of also becoming schizophrenic.
C)When children of schizophrenic parents are raised away from their chaotic home environment, they are still more likely to become psychotic.
D)Some people inherit the potential (or vulnerability) to develop schizophrenia.

Question 51

Which of the following is related to recent attempts to find biochemical explanations for schizophrenia?

A)schizotoxin
B)psychotropin
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholine

Question 52

Excess amounts of dopamine in the brain, or high sensitivity to dopamine provides one major explanation for the problem known as

A)PTSD.
B)schizophrenia.
C)major depression.
D)SAD.

Question 53

The dopamine-psychosis link is based on the observation that

A)low dopamine levels of activity in the brain seem to produce psychotic symptoms.
B)there are high levels of dopamine activity in the brains of psychotic people.
C)there are high levels of amphetamine in the brains of schizophrenics.
D)dopamine interacts with serotonin creating psychosis.

Question 54

Environmental conditions that have been shown to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia include which of the following?

A)malnutrition during pregnancy and complications at the time of birth
B)living in a troubled family with deviant communication patterns
C)early psychological trauma
D)all of these

Question 55

In terms of the hereditary potential (i.e., genetic relatedness) for developing schizophrenia, the risk is roughly the same for the identical twin of a schizophrenic as for

A)the fraternal twin of a schizophrenic.
B)a child with one schizophrenic parent.
C)a child with two schizophrenic parents.
D)a non-twin sibling of a schizophrenic.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a likely factor in the development of schizophrenia?

A)the mother contracting the flu or being malnourished during pregnancy
B)a disturbed family environment
C)heredity
D)underproduction of serotonin or extra serotonin receptors in the brain

Question 57

Many researchers believe that schizophrenia is related to overactivity in the brain's

A)serotonin systems.
B)acetylcholine systems.
C)schizotoxin systems.
D)dopamine systems.

Question 58

Individuals who develop schizophrenia seem to _____ during their childhood.

A)have experienced psychological trauma
B)a great deal of intellectual stimulation
C)have learned to use defense mechanisms
D)have shown precocious physical and mental ability

Question 59

Regarding the effects of psychological trauma on the development of schizophrenia, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)The victims of schizophrenia were often exposed to violence, sexual abuse, death of family members, divorce, and separation.
B)Disturbed families interact in ways that are laden with guilt, prying, criticism, negativity, and emotional attacks.
C)When the children of schizophrenic parents are raised away from their chaotic home environment, they are still more likely to become psychotic.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 60

Regarding hereditary influences and schizophrenia, it is most accurate to say that

A)heredity has been ruled out as a factor in schizophrenia.
B)some people may inherit a potential for schizophrenia.
C)the children of schizophrenic parents are least likely to develop schizophrenia.
D)if one identical twin is schizophrenic, the other will definitely develop schizophrenia at some time in his or her life.

Question 61

Regarding the schizophrenic brain, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)MRIs on schizophrenic brains show the brain regions crucial for regulating motivation, emotion, perception, actions, and attention to be abnormal.
B)On PET scans, the activity tends to be abnormally low in the frontal lobes of the schizophrenic brain.
C)CT scans show tightly-packed narrow surface fissuring of the schizophrenic brain.
D)MRIs show that schizophrenic brains tend to have enlarged ventricles.

Question 62

The CT scans of the brains of individuals suffering from schizophrenia have

A)wider surface fissures.
B)no surface fissures.
C)smaller ventricles.
D)tightly-packed surface fissures.

Question 63

In the stress-vulnerability model of psychosis, vulnerability is primarily attributed to

A)heredity.
B)exposure to influenza.
C)psychological trauma.
D)disturbed family life.

Question 64

In view of current research, choose the best summary statement concerning the cause(s) of schizophrenia.

A)Inherited potential and environmental stress combine to bring about disruptive changes in brain chemistry.
B)Schizophrenics are really adapting to an impossible environment created by double-bind communication.
C)A by-product of adrenaline called adrenochrome accumulates in the schizophrenic's body.
D)Extremely traumatic experiences early in childhood cause the first split in personality to form.

Question 65

CT scans and MRI scans both suggest that the brains of schizophrenics have shrunk, which may be due to the schizophrenic brain

A)becoming more densely-packed with aging.
B)developing plaques and tangles.
C)having abnormal brain chemicals that accumulate and cause neuronal death.
D)being unable to continually create new neurons to replace old ones that have died.

Question 66

Which model attributes psychosis to a combination of environmental stress and a genetic susceptibility to the condition?

A)neuroenvironmental model
B)stress-vulnerability model
C)psychogenetic model
D)Human Genome model

Question 67

Research using PET scans on the schizophrenic brain reveals that they have

A)smaller ventricles.
B)larger than normal brains.
C)less activity in their frontal lobes.
D)activity similar to REM sleep in the left hemisphere.

Question 68

Research has shown that the right combination of inherited potential and environment stress may produce mind-altering changes in the brain.These changes may cause psychotic behavior and various forms of psychopathology.This is called the _____ model.

A)undifferentiated-vulnerability
B)combination-vulnerability
C)nature and nurture-vulnerability
D)stress-vulnerability

Question 69

Stress alters _____ levels, which, in turn, alter dopamine systems; thus, providing another explanation for the development of schizophrenia.

A)glutamate
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)schizotoxin

Question 70

People who take the hallucinogenic drug PCP, which affects _____, have symptoms that closely mimic schizophrenia.

A)glutamate
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)schizotoxin

Question 71

Major disturbances in emotion, such as depression or mania, are classified as _____ disorders.

A)anxiety
B)dissociative
C)schizophrenic
D)mood

Question 72

The areas of the schizophrenic brain that show the greatest atrophy are the areas crucial for regulating

A)motivation and emotion.
B)attention and perception.
C)actions.
D)all of these.

Question 73

In any given year, _____ percent of the U.S.population suffers from a mood disorder.

A)3.8
B)5.6
C)9.5
D)14.7

Question 74

The neurotransmitter _____ has been shown to be related to schizophrenia with this neurotransmitter also being affected by PCP use.

A)glutamate
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)schizotoxin

Question 75

A(n) _____ involves the injection of a radioactive sugar solution and a measurement of how much sugar is used in each brain area.Because of the clear difference in schizophrenic brain activity, this technique may be the tool of choice to accurately diagnose schizophrenia in the future.

A)PET scan
B)CT-scan
C)EEG
D)MRI

Question 76

Regarding the stress-vulnerability model, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Some people inherit a difference in brain chemistry or brain structure that makes them more susceptible, even to normal stresses.
B)The model attributes psychotic disorders to a blend of environmental stress and inherited susceptibility.
C)The model also applies to other forms of psychopathology, such as depression.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 77

The _____ is a computer-enhanced, three-dimensional representation of the brain that responds to the body's magnetic field.It has allowed researchers to find that the brains of schizophrenics have enlarged ventricles.

A)MRI
B)EEG
C)MMPI
D)GSR

Question 78

_____ tends to influence brain activity in areas that control emotions and sensory information and may explain some of the symptoms seen in schizophrenia.

A)Acetylcholine
B)Glutamate
C)Melatonin
D)Schizotoxin

Question 79

MRI scans of the schizophrenic brain have shown

A)enlarged ventricles.
B)enlarged occipital lobes.
C)smaller, constricted surface fissures.
D)thicker corpus callosums.

Question 80

The CT scans and MRI scans both suggest that the brains of persons suffering from schizophrenia have

A)become swelled by excess fluid.
B)shrunk (atrophied).
C)become overactive in the frontal lobes.
D)tightly-packed surface fissures.