Deck 14: Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The term psychopathology might refer to which of the following?

A)the scientific study of psychological disorders
B)behavior patterns that make people unhappy and impair personal growth
C)mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia
D)all of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Although her family is unaware of her feelings of hopelessness and despair, Carmen is very unhappy.Thus, she would be exhibiting psychopathology based on

A)statistical abnormality.
B)social nonconformity.
C)subjective discomfort.
D)cultural relativity.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Though showing no obvious signs of psychopathology, one who is anxious and unhappy might be classified abnormal by the criterion of

A)subjective discomfort.
B)legal insanity.
C)social nonconformity.
D)a personality disorder.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_____ refers to scoring very high or low on some dimension, such as intelligence, anxiety, or depression.

A)Subjective relativity
B)Statistical abnormality
C)Mental non-conformity
D)Maladaptive deviations

Question 5

In practice, _____ explains most instances in which people voluntarily seek professional help.

A)social nonconformity
B)subjective discomfort
C)parental urgings
D)law enforcement involvement

Question 6

Herbert's scores are just barely outside of the normal range on a test of his emotions.Thus, which limitation of a statistical definition of abnormality must the examiner confront?

A)whether Herbert is feeling any subjective discomfort
B)where to draw the line between normality and abnormality
C)how to replicate this deviation a second time for validity
D)deciding whether Herbert's behavior meets nonconformity standards

Question 7

A psychologist devises a test to measure anxiety.He administers this test to over 1,000 persons and learns how many people show low, medium, or high levels of anxiety.The results of his test will form which of the following?

A)normal or bell-shaped curve
B)skewed deviation curve
C)U-shaped curve
D)scatter plot

Question 8

Regarding the use of subjective discomfort as evidence of psychopathology, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Psychopathology does not always cause personal anguish.
B)A lack of subjective discomfort may reveal psychopathology.
C)Subjective discomfort explains most instances in which people voluntarily seek professional help.
D)All of these are true.

Question 9

Margo takes a test that measures the level of several emotions.Using statistical abnormality as the definition of psychopathology, Margo would be considered normal or average if all of her scores fell where on the normal curve?

A)at the high end of the curve
B)in the middle of the curve
C)at the lower end of the curve
D)only if her scores fell outside the curve

Question 10

In this country, a drug abuser or a prostitute would most likely be judged as abnormal based on

A)subjective discomfort.
B)cultural relativity.
C)social nonconformity.
D)statistical abnormality.

Question 11

The term _____ refers to the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and to the disorders, themselves.

A)psychosis
B)neurosis
C)psychopathology
D)neuropathology

Question 12

When a person uses _____ to define abnormality, this measure does not tell us about the meanings of the deviations nor does it tell us where to draw the line between normality and abnormality.

A)subjective relativity
B)mental non-conformity
C)statistical abnormality
D)maladaptive deviations

Question 13

What proportion of American adults suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in any given year?

A)one in 4
B)one in 8
C)one in 15
D)one in 20

Question 14

Social nonconformity

A)is accompanied by subjective discomfort.
B)may indicate a psychological disorder or a harmless eccentricity.
C)always indicates some degree of psychological disorder, though it may be a slight one.
D)involves disobeying one's own private standards for acceptable behavior.

Question 15

Regarding mental health problems in the U.S.and Canada, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Anxiety disorders are often accompanied by depression and/or substance abuse.
B)Mental disorders are the leading cause of disability for Americans and Canadians aged 15 to 44.
C)In 2002, it was reported that approximately 15,000 Americans had committed suicide that year.
D)Over 20 million Americans suffer from mood disorders in any given year.

Question 16

Approximately how many Americans suffer from mood disorders in any given year?

A)500,000
B)1 million
C)8 million
D)20 million

Question 17

A person whose immoral behavior harms others, but who feels no remorse for such harmful behavior, would NOT be regarded as abnormal if the criterion used is

A)long-term welfare of society.
B)long-term welfare of the individual.
C)maladaptive behavior.
D)subjective discomfort.

Question 18

In 2002, almost _____ Americans committed suicide.

A)10,000
B)23,000
C)32,000
D)41,000

Question 19

What is one advantage of using statistics to define normality?

A)Statistics show a clear distinction between what is normal and what is not.
B)Statistics avoid the stigmas associated with labels.
C)Mental disorders are best defined by deviations from an average.
D)Statistical descriptions of disorders permit more objective definitions.

Question 20

Statistical approaches to abnormality define as "abnormal" those who

A)show evidence of loss of contact with reality.
B)are unhappy, withdrawn, and depressed.
C)deviate from typical or average patterns of behavior.
D)are disabled by anxiety.

Question 21

In understanding abnormality, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Non-conformity does not always indicate a disorder, and conformity is not a sure sign of mental health.
B)Within a culture, a behavior may be defined as abnormal in one situational context but not another.
C)Behaviors defined as abnormal in one culture are, by definition, abnormal in all cultures.
D)In all cultures, a consistent failure to communicate or behave predictably is considered abnormal.

Question 22

According to the textbook, abnormal behavior is defined by two core features that are indicative of the person requiring psychological help.These two features are

A)maladaptive and loss of control over thoughts and behaviors.
B)statistically rare and maladaptive.
C)subjective discomfort and statistically rare.
D)loss of control and culturally relative.

Question 23

Most definitions of abnormality

A)are those which are based on statistics.
B)are relative and take context into consideration.
C)use the concept of social nonconformity as the main basis for judgment.
D)can be made using only a person's subjective discomfort as a guide.

Question 24

If you heard that a person was barking and jumping around on "all fours," you might think the person abnormal until you found out the person was on stage practicing the part of a "talking dog" in the upcoming student play.This story illustrates the importance of

A)situational context.
B)cultural relativity.
C)social nonconformity.
D)subjective discomfort.

Question 25

Failure to match one's behavior to widely accepted norms or to the usual minimum rules for social conduct describes what definition of normality?

A)subjective discomfort
B)statistical
C)social nonconformity
D)cultural

Question 26

A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is

A)culturally absolute.
B)learned.
C)maladaptive.
D)dependent on age.

Question 27

Rather than helping a person to successfully cope, abnormal behaviors make it more difficult for the person to meet everyday demands of life.Thus, this core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is

A)culturally relative.
B)subjectively painful.
C)statistically deviant.
D)maladaptive.

Question 28

Jansen is an artist who dresses in an offbeat manner, drives a multi-colored VW van, and generally is known as a charming eccentric.Jansen is happy, creative, and generally well adjusted.It is critical to distinguish this type of non-traditional person from others who have not adopted the usual minimum rules for behavior, which is destructive.This example illustrates one of the problems with what definition of abnormality?

A)social nonconformity
B)statistical
C)cultural
D)subjective discomfort

Question 29

Which of the following situations does NOT indicate that an individual needs psychological help?

A)Fred is a compulsive gambler.
B)Mary is a mildly mentally retarded adult who has recently become aggressive toward her parents.
C)Shelia is a 50-year-old grandmother who rides motorcycles, skydives, and skateboards.
D)Gary goes on frequent buying sprees to improve his mood.

Question 30

Using the "core features" of abnormal behavior in identifying mental disorders, how is abnormal behavior best defined?

A)behavior that makes daily life more difficult and which indicates a loss of control
B)behavior which causes a person extreme personal discomfort and is socially non-conforming
C)behavior which is illegal and/or persistently non-conformist
D)behavior that is statistically different from the average of the general population

Question 31

You have just moved into a neighborhood and hear that the woman who lives next door almost never leaves her house.Having had general psychology, you think that she might have agoraphobia until you find out that her religion encourages women to stay at home.From this illustration, it is clear that _____ can affect the diagnosis of psychological disorders.

A)statistical abnormality
B)subjective discomfort
C)cultural relativity
D)social non-conformity

Question 32

Almost any behavior can be judged to be normal or abnormal depending on the specific circumstances present.This qualification for judging whether or not a behavior is abnormal is referred to as

A)subjective judgment.
B)situational context.
C)environmental selectivity.
D)personal relativity.

Question 33

The judgment that a person's behavior is abnormal is made on the basis of which two core features?

A)a lack of consistent happiness and sociability in one's life
B)social nonconforming behavior that must be annoying to a majority of the population
C)maladaptiveness and loss of control over thoughts and behaviors
D)behavior as evaluated by the person's age and culture

Question 34

If you heard that a person exposed himself to another person in a place of business, you would probably think that the person was abnormal until you realized the person was exposing himself to his family doctor during the course of a physical examination.This story illustrates the importance of

A)situational context.
B)cultural relativity.
C)social nonconformity.
D)subjective discomfort.

Question 35

Both persons who are creative and those who are overly rigid in behavior cause problems for the definition of

A)social nonconformity.
B)statistical.
C)cultural.
D)subjective discomfort.

Question 36

When a person is a danger to themselves and other people, their behavior is clearly

A)compulsive.
B)maladaptive.
C)psychotic.
D)neurotic.

Question 37

In some countries, it is normal to defecate or urinate in public.This makes it clear that judgments of the normality of behavior are

A)culturally relative.
B)statistically determined
C)a matter of subjective discomfort.
D)random and unpredictable.

Question 38

_____ is just one facet of abnormal behavior with these actions, which are considered "strange" within a particular culture, often being the first sign that a person has a problem.

A)Cultural relativity
B)Social nonconformity
C)Cultural abnormality
D)Neurosis

Question 39

As part of a class assignment to "find out how it feels to be crazy for a day," students performed some "strange" behaviors in public, such as talking to imaginary people, covering their heads with aluminum foil, or walking around a mall with an open umbrella.The students are exhibiting which facet of abnormality?

A)cultural relativity
B)social nonconformity
C)psychoses
D)neuroses

Question 40

Which of the following behaviors is considered abnormal by almost all cultures?

A)extreme displays of otherwise normal behavior
B)feelings of unhappiness and discomfort
C)failure to communicate and unpredictable actions
D)any behavior that does not conform to the norms of the culture

Question 41

Insanity is

A)a legal term that refers to people who are unable to manage their affairs or foresee consequences.
B)the most common disorder described in the DSM-IV-TR.
C)a psychiatric term that refers to individuals with organic mental disorders or dissociative disorders.
D)typically caused by a severe combination of personality disorders.

Question 42

A _____ is defined by a significant impairment in psychological functioning.

A)social non-conformity
B)situational deviation
C)mental disorder
D)physiological disorder

Question 43

DSM (DSM-IV-TR) stands for _____, fourth version, text revision.

A)Diagnostic Schedule of Medicine
B)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
C)Depressive Scale Modalities
D)Delirium and Sanity Manual

Question 44

Insanity is

A)another name for SAD.
B)a legal term.
C)the psychiatric term for multiple personalities.
D)required to be established before a person can be voluntarily treated at a mental hospital.

Question 45

The DSM-IV-TR

A)helps judges by providing the criteria that a person must meet to be committed involuntarily to a mental institution.
B)helps psychologists to correctly identify mental disorders and select the best therapies.
C)is used by juries and provide guidelines to rule a defendant not guilty by reason of insanity.
D)is used in all of these situations.

Question 46

The most severe psychological disorder is a(n)

A)personality disorder.
B)psychosomatic illness.
C)anxiety disorder.
D)psychotic disorder.

Question 47

The system used in the United States and Canada to classify psychological problems

A)is the Freudian Psychoanalytic System (FPS).
B)is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR).
C)was designed by Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler.
D)is to be found in the Federal Uniform Code of Psychopathology (UCP).

Question 48

The legal definition of _____ means the inability to manage one's affairs or to be aware of the consequences of one's actions.

A)insanity
B)neurosis
C)psychosomatic
D)nervous breakdown

Question 49

According to the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, a person who functions well in a wide range of activities and who is sought out by others because of his or her many positive qualities would be considered to have _____ functioning and would have a score of _____ on the scale.

A)superior; 100
B)excellent; 80
C)very good; 50
D)good; 10

Question 50

The chief distinguishing feature of psychotic disorders is

A)a loss of contact with shared views of reality.
B)antisocial conduct.
C)overwhelming anxiety.
D)obsessive behavior.

Question 51

According to the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, a person who is repeatedly violent, maintains almost no personal hygiene, or has made potentially lethal suicide attempts would have a score of _____ on the scale.

A)100
B)80
C)60
D)10

Question 52

Psychologists use the _____ in order to correctly identify mental disorders as organic mental disorders, personality disorders, dissociative disorders, etc.

A)WISC-R
B)16 PF
C)MBTI
D)DSM-IV-TR

Question 53

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the person being socially withdrawn and unable to control his or her thoughts or actions and by the presence of delusions and/or hallucinations?

A)neurotic disorders
B)dissociative disorders
C)somatoform disorders
D)psychotic disorders

Question 54

According to the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, a student who has mild anxiety before exams or may have occasional arguments with family members would most likely have a score of _____ on the scale.

A)90
B)60
C)30
D)10

Question 55

According to the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, a person who has suicidal thoughts, engages in obsessional rituals, shoplifts, has no friends, and is unable to keep a job would most likely have a score of _____ on the scale.

A)100
B)80
C)50
D)10

Question 56

Insanity is

A)another term for nervous breakdown.
B)the psychiatric term that is synonymous with schizophrenia.
C)established by the testimony from expert witnesses.
D)all of these.

Question 57

Regarding insanity and involuntary commitments to mental hospitals, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Legally, insanity is established by testimony from expert witnesses (psychologists and psychiatrists).
B)People who are involuntarily committed are usually judged to be a danger to themselves or to others.
C)Involuntary commitments happen most often when the severely mentally disabled person is brought to emergency room.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 58

In practice, the judgment that a person needs help usually occurs when

A)the person does something annoying like hits a person.
B)someone's annoying behavior gains the attention of a person in a position of power.
C)a teacher, parent, significant other, or someone else does something about a person behaving abnormally.
D)all of these factors are present.

Question 59

An important use of DSM-IV-TR includes being a(n)

A)guide to help psychologists to correctly identify mental disorders and select the best therapy.
B)statistical encyclopedia of the incidence of various forms of violent crime committed by patients with mental disorders.
C)accurate guide used by judges and juries in determining the legal definition of insanity.
D)guide to current research articles in the field of psychopathology.

Question 60

Robert was found wandering naked in the campus parking lot, proclaiming himself to be "Father Time." He shows evidence of a _____ disorder.

A)anxiety
B)psychotic
C)personality
D)dissociative identity

Question 61

You are experiencing episodes of depersonalization, in which you feel like you are outside of your body, and are behaving as if you are a robot or are lost in a dream world.You are most likely suffering from a

A)paraphilia.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)conversion disorder.
D)dissociative disorder.

Question 62

Which of the following is considered an anxiety disorder?

A)phobia
B)schizophrenia
C)hypochondria
D)conversion disorder

Question 63

_____ disorders may involve feelings of panic or may take the form of irrational fears or obsessive-compulsive behavior patterns.

A)Somatoform
B)Anxiety
C)Dissociative
D)Mood

Question 64

When Sara returned from her tour of duty in Iraq, she experienced symptoms of a post-traumatic stress disorder, which is classified as a type of a(n)_____ disorder.

A)anxiety
B)somatoform
C)psychotic
D)dissociative

Question 65

Rene has an irrational fear of elevators and escalators to the point that she has walked up 20 flights of stairs.Her mother has such a fear of dirt and germs that she spends almost every waking moment cleaning, while wearing white cotton gloves.Rene and her mother each have a type of _____ disorder.

A)anxiety
B)psychotic
C)somatoform
D)personality

Question 66

An organic mental disorder is

A)another name for schizophrenia.
B)a separate diagnostic category in the DSM-IV-TR.
C)a problem caused by brain pathology.
D)characterized by all of these.

Question 67

Amnesia, fugue, and multiple personalities are all classified as _____ disorders.

A)somatoform
B)anxiety
C)schizophrenic
D)dissociative

Question 68

Mary's mother has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which has caused damage to areas of the brain important for memory.This condition is considered to be a(n) _____ disorder.

A)organic mental
B)personality
C)neurotic
D)somatoform

Question 69

Depersonalization is a(n)

A)psychotic tendency to view others as non-human.
B)acute episode of amnesia characteristic of personality disorders.
C)robot-like or detached feeling sometimes associated with dissociative disorders.
D)abrupt, dramatic change in personality seen often in mood disorders.

Question 70

Psychotic symptoms may be found in all of the following EXCEPT

A)schizophrenia.
B)delusional disorders.
C)some severe mood disorders.
D)anxiety disorders.

Question 71

Persons who are either euphoric and hyperactive or severely depressed may be suffering from

A)mood disorders.
B)dissociative disorders.
C)anxiety disorders.
D)insanity.

Question 72

Pablo is seen walking down the street, shouting at imaginary individuals "to turn it down." When the police stop him and ask him why he is shouting, he tells them that the transmitter that the CIA implanted in his head is "not working properly" and is too loud.Pablo most likely has a(n) _____ disorder.

A)psychotic
B)neurotic
C)somatoform
D)dissociative

Question 73

Which of the following is most characteristic of a dissociative disorder?

A)phobias
B)amnesia
C)paranoia
D)depression

Question 74

Which of the following is a dissociative disorder?

A)depression
B)phobic disorder
C)multiple personality
D)paranoia

Question 75

A person who is manic most likely suffers from a(n) _____ disorder.

A)anxiety
B)somatoform
C)organic mental
D)mood

Question 76

Shirley suffers from alternating episodes of mania and depression.She would most likely be diagnosed as having a(n) _____ disorder.

A)personality
B)anxiety
C)mood
D)dissociative

Question 77

Obsessive-compulsive disorders involve

A)loss of contact with reality.
B)unresolved anger.
C)unresolved Oedipal conflict.
D)high levels of anxiety.

Question 78

Of the following disorders listed below, severe emotional disturbances, impaired thinking, memory loss, personality changes and delirium would most likely result from a(n) _____ disorder.

A)anxiety
B)organic mental
C)somatoform
D)personality

Question 79

Brain pathology related to Alzheimer's disease, brain injuries, lead or mercury poisonings, and drug use would be classified as _____ disorders.

A)mood
B)somatoform
C)organic mental
D)dissociative

Question 80

Schizophrenia and delusional disorders are types of _____ disorders.

A)personality
B)mood
C)psychotic
D)dissociative