Deck 13: Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Question 1

Gastrointestinal problems, mainly stomach pain, and respiratory problems, such as asthma are the most common

A)hypochondria disorders.
B)conversion disorders.
C)psychosomatic disorders.
D)somatoform disorders.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The most common types of psychosomatic problems are gastrointestinal and

A)circulatory.
B)genital.
C)respiratory.
D)neurological.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Common psychosomatic problems include

A)heart disease.
B)hypertension.
C)rheumatoid arthritis.
D)all of these.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Regarding psychosomatic illness, which statement is FALSE?

A)The most common psychosomatic illnesses involve neurological and muscular disorders.
B)Personality and learned reactions to stress are involved in the development of psychosomatic illnesses.
C)Genetic predisposition and organ weaknesses contribute to the development of psychosomatic illnesses.
D)Severe psychosomatic disorders can be fatal.

Question 5

When stress causes physical damage to the body in the form of stomach pain, asthma, migraine headaches, hives, or hypertension, the person is experiencing

A)a psychosomatic disorder.
B)hypochondriasis.
C)a conversion disorder.
D)a somatoform disorder.

Question 6

A person who suffers from imaginary diseases or illnesses is suffering from

A)a psychotic disorder.
B)a psychosomatic illness.
C)hypochondriasis.
D)a generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 7

In the _____, any impact of the mind on health was dismissed as a mere placebo effect.

A)psychosomatic perspective
B)medical model
C)mind-body perspective
D)biopsychosocial model

Question 8

Many lesser health complaints can also be psychosomatic.They include which of the following?

A)fatigue
B)premenstrual problems
C)sexual dysfunctions
D)all of these

Question 9

Illness in which actual physical damage results from emotional reactions to stress is known as

A)a somatoform disorder.
B)hypochondrias.
C)a physio-disturbance.
D)a psychosomatic disorder.

Question 10

Psychosomatic disorders are those in which

A)symptoms are imaginary.
B)individuals have physiological symptoms, but no underlying physiological cause.
C)symptoms are especially vague and diffuse.
D)physiological damage is caused by psychological stress.

Question 11

Fiona has been experiencing a great deal of stress at her job.She is experiencing neckaches, headaches, indigestion, and insomnia.When she goes to her doctor, she finds that her blood pressure is also elevated.Fiona has

A)hypochondrias.
B)a conversion disorder.
C)a somatoform disorder.
D)a psychosomatic disorder.

Question 12

For serious problems related to stress, you should

A)go to a medical doctor and get a prescription for tranquilizers.
B)throw yourself into work and keep very busy.
C)pretend like you are really not stressed and this will change your attitude.
D)learn stress management techniques directly from a therapist or stress clinic.

Question 13

Regarding psychosomatic illness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Severe psychosomatic disorders can be fatal.
B)Psychosomatic problems are the same as being hypochondriac.
C)Psychosomatic disorders are caused by prolonged stress reactions.
D)Biofeedback can be helpful in alleviating some psychosomatic illnesses.

Question 14

Sore muscles, headaches, indigestion, fatigue, and sexual dysfunctions are several complaints that can be psychosomatic and, thus, are most likely to be the result of the person's

A)lateralization.
B)nutritional deficiencies.
C)stress.
D)imagination.

Question 15

Many psychosomatic problems are the result of

A)prolonged stress.
B)imagination.
C)sleep deprivation.
D)a nutritional deficiency.

Question 16

Which of the following has been generally linked to a psychosomatic cause?

A)high blood pressure
B)eczema and hives
C)migraine headaches
D)all of these

Question 17

Which statement about psychosomatic illness is TRUE?

A)Another name for a psychosomatic illness is hypochondria.
B)Stress is the sole cause of psychosomatic diseases.
C)Psychosomatic diseases can be life-threatening.
D)Personality rarely enters the picture with a psychosomatic illness.

Question 18

Hypochondriacs suffer from

A)overactive endocrine glands.
B)feelings of inferiority.
C)imaginary diseases.
D)stress-induced diseases.

Question 19

Which perspective has dominated Western thinking and sees health as the absence of illness with damage to the body being inflicted by poor lifestyle choices, such as smoking or overeating, or by external causes, such as viruses?

A)the psychosomatic perspective
B)the mind-body perspective
C)the medical model
D)the biopsychosocial model

Question 20

Janine has been experiencing severe headaches and neckaches, fatigue, and insomnia ever since she was promoted to a job that entails more responsibility.If Janine goes to a doctor, the doctor will most likely tell her

A)that she has a psychosomatic illness.
B)that her symptoms are all imaginary.
C)that she is becoming a hypochondriac.
D)all of these.

Question 21

In biofeedback training, information is provided to the subject by

A)converting bodily responses to some sort of signal.
B)directing conscious attention to one's subjective sensations and brain waves.
C)using videotapes of skilled movements.
D)the use of concentrative meditation.

Question 22

Regarding biofeedback, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Biofeedback has been successful because it creates a dramatic placebo effect in the person utilizing it.
B)Some researchers believe that biofeedback simply acts as a "mirror" to help a person perform tasks involving self-regulation.
C)Biofeedback has been used with some success to control epileptic seizures and hyperactivity in children.
D)Many of biofeedback's benefits arise from general relaxation.

Question 23

A biofeedback technique for the prevention of migraine headaches would most likely focus on control of

A)alpha waves.
B)the heart rate.
C)muscular tension.
D)blood flow.

Question 24

The term _____ is being replaced with the term meaning response to better reflect our new understanding that medicine works best when doctors help people make sense of their medical condition, to maximize healing.

A)hypochondriasis perspective
B)placebo effect
C)experimental model
D)biofeedback effect

Question 25

____ involves the person receiving information about his or her ongoing bodily activities, which aids the person in voluntarily regulating these bodily activities.

A)Biocognition
B)Bioencephalography
C)Biomeditation
D)Biofeedback

Question 26

The use of feedback or knowledge of results to bring about voluntary control of involuntary behaviors describes the use of

A)bioenergetics.
B)bioencephalography.
C)biomeditation.
D)biofeedback.

Question 27

According to the _____, when you are sick, the problem is physical and requires a physical treatment, such as taking medicine.

A)psychosomatic perspective
B)mind-body perspective
C)medical model
D)biopsychosocial model

Question 28

Garrett has been feeling fatigued at work and has been experiencing more backaches and neckaches.Garrett believes that he must actively change aspects of his environment that contribute to his stress, such as utilizing stress-management techniques, getting more sleep, exercising more, and improving his diet.Garrett's view of health fits the

A)hypochondrias perspective
B)mind-body perspective
C)medical model
D)biopsychosocial model

Question 29

Biofeedback has shown success

A)in relieving chronic pain.
B)in lowering blood pressure.
C)with insomnia.
D)with all of these.

Question 30

Which perspective defines health as a state of well-being that we can actively attain and maintain?

A)the psychosomatic perspective
B)the mind-body perspective
C)the medical model
D)the biopsychosocial model

Question 31

The _____ views diseases as being caused by a combination of several different factors and involves the person who is sick playing a role in fostering his or her own health rather than passively getting treatments from a doctor.

A)psychosomatic perspective
B)mind-body perspective
C)medical model
D)biopsychosocial model

Question 32

The beneficial effects of biofeedback in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders occurs because

A)of a dramatic placebo effect.
B)it acts as a "mirror," promoting self-regulation.
C)it activates the medical model effect.
D)of increased blood flow to the head.

Question 33

Gordon has been feeling fatigued at work and has been experiencing more backaches and neckaches.He goes to his doctor, hoping he can diagnose his condition and prescribe some medicine that will alleviate his problems? Gordon's view of health fits the

A)hypochondriasis perspective.
B)mind-body perspective.
C)medical model.
D)biopsychosocial model.

Question 34

The term placebo effect is being replaced with the term _____to better reflect our new understanding that medicine works best when doctors help people make sense of their medical condition, to maximize healing.

A)hypochondrias perspective
B)meaning response
C)experimental model
D)biofeedback effect

Question 35

The chief success of biofeedback has been in the treatment of

A)bleeding ulcers.
B)asthma.
C)nearsightedness.
D)migraine headaches.

Question 36

Which of the following would you recommend to an individual who would like to learn to lower his or her high blood pressure?

A)alpha brainwave control
B)computer assisted instruction
C)"mental practice"
D)biofeedback

Question 37

The control of involuntary functions like heart rate and blood pressure is

A)generally impossible for humans.
B)possible only through surgically implanted technology.
C)possible only through dedication to Yoga and Zen.
D)possible through the use of biofeedback.

Question 38

Biofeedback has shown some success with all of the following EXCEPT with

A)controlling narcolepsy.
B)lowering blood pressure and controlling heart rhythms.
C)controlling hyperactivity in children.
D)controlling epileptic seizures.

Question 39

People can learn to regulate bodily states that were once thought to be involuntary by applying information about the body that is given to the person.This informational process is known as

A)bioerganomics.
B)biofeedback.
C)neuropacing.
D)biotomography.

Question 40

The beneficial effects of biofeedback in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders may be the result of

A)a dramatic placebo effect.
B)generalized relaxation.
C)stimulation of the CNS.
D)increased blood flow to the head.

Question 41

Friedman and Rosenman referred to those people who were unlikely to have a heart attack as

A)Type A personalities.
B)Type B personalities.
C)individuals with a psychosomatic illness.
D)individuals with hypochondria.

Question 42

According to research, the most lethal factor of Type A behavior appears to be

A)overworking.
B)hostility.
C)competitiveness.
D)a sense of time urgency.

Question 43

Characteristic traits of Type A people include

A)worry, accompanied by decreased activity and exercise.
B)a tendency to be mobile, inconsistent, and desirous of change.
C)poor attention span and forgetfulness.
D)a sense of time urgency and chronic anger.

Question 44

According to Redford Williams, hostility is likely to be reduced through which of the following?

A)stop mistrusting the motives of others
B)find ways to reduce how often you feel irritated and angry
C)learn to be kinder and more considerate
D)all of these

Question 45

Regarding psychosomatic illness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Stress is the sole cause of psychosomatic illnesses.
B)Personality and learned reactions to stress are involved in the development of psychosomatic illnesses.
C)Genetic predisposition and organ weaknesses contribute to the development of psychosomatic illnesses.
D)A general disease-prone personality type exists; and to a degree, there are also "headache personalities," "asthma personalities," and "cardiac personalities."

Question 46

Aaron seems to chafe at the normal pace of events and hurries from one activity to another, racing the clock in self-imposed urgency.Aaron is most likely a

A)Type A personality.
B)Type B personality.
C)disease-prone personality.
D)hypochondriac.

Question 47

In the classification system of Friedman and Rosenman, Type A personalities run a greater risk of

A)hypochondriasis.
B)cancer.
C)heart attacks.
D)mental illness.

Question 48

Barbara is a college student who frequently strives to do two or more things simultaneously, tends to evaluate herself in terms of the number of A's earned or awards won, grinds her teeth in her sleep, and feels vaguely guilty when she relaxes on the weekends.Barbara would be described as

A)a Type A personality.
B)a Type B personality.
C)having generalized anxiety disorder.
D)having hypochondriasis.

Question 49

Regarding the Type A personality, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)The key psychological factors that increase heart disease risk appear to be anger, hostility, and mistrust.
B)While Type A behavior appears to promote heart disease, depression or distress may be what triggers a heart attack.
C)The most damaging patterns of Type A personalities may occur in hostile persons who keep their anger "bottled up," but don't express it outwardly.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 50

Regarding the Type A personality, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)One study on Type A personality found that 15 percent of a group of 25-year-old doctors and lawyers who scored high on a hostility test were dead by age 50.
B)While Type A behavior appears to promote heart disease, time urgency and overwork may be what triggers a heart attack.
C)Hundreds of studies have supported the validity of the Type A concept.
D)Seething with anger but not outwardly expressing it increases pulse rate and blood pressure and puts a tremendous strain on the heart.

Question 51

Jen talks, walks, and eats rapidly.She often agrees to do more things than she has time for because she believes that with enough effort she can overcome any obstacle.Jen would probably be classified as

A)a Type A personality.
B)a Type B personality.
C)a low sensation seeker.
D)experiencing a life crisis.

Question 52

As a Type A personality, Peter would be unusually prone to

A)approach-avoidance conflicts.
B)hypochondriasis.
C)displaced aggression and scapegoating.
D)a psychosomatic disorder, such as heart disease.

Question 53

In their eight-year study, Friedman and Rosenman found twice the rate of _____ in Type A personalities than Type B's.

A)hypochondriasis.
B)cancer.
C)heart disease.
D)mental illness.

Question 54

According to Redford Williams, which of the following is NOT likely to reduce hostility and increase trust?

A)Keep your anger inside.
B)Try to be kinder to other people.
C)Stop mistrusting the motives of others.
D)Consciously, try to reduce the times you become irritated over "little things."

Question 55

According to Friedman and Rosenman, _____ believe that with enough effort they can overcome any obstacle, and they "push" themselves accordingly.

A)Type A personalities
B)Type B personalities
C)individuals with acculturative stress
D)individuals with hypochondria

Question 56

A Type A personality exhibits all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A)time urgency.
B)believing that they can overcome any obstacle.
C)a poor attention span.
D)being achievement-oriented.

Question 57

Increasing trust and reducing hostility is likely to occur if you

A)record your hostile thoughts and actions.
B)admit you have a problem with anger.
C)rise above small irritations.
D)do all of these

Question 58

According to Friedman and Rosenman, _____ are hard driving, ambitious, highly competitive, achievement-oriented, and striving.

A)Type A personalities
B)Type B personalities
C)individuals with acculturative stress
D)individuals with hypochondria

Question 59

According to Redford Williams, hostility can be reduced and trust can be increased through which of the following?

A)learn to laugh at yourself
B)learn reliable ways to relax
C)practice trusting the motives of others
D)all of these

Question 60

Bart is described as hard driving, highly competitive, and achievement-oriented.He tends to race the clock in a self-imposed urgency and gets angry when "things do not go as planned." Bart would be described as having

A)a Type A personality.
B)a Type B personality.
C)hypochondriasis.
D)a generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 61

Hardy people (those unusually resistant to the effects of stress) are characterized by a(n)

A)sense of personal commitment to self, work, and family.
B)feeling of no control over their lives.
C)attitude of just going with the flow.
D)tendency to avoid extra responsibilities.

Question 62

_____ people tend to be hardy.They see setbacks as challenges, are strengthened by losses, and find humor in disappointments.

A)Naive
B)Immature
C)Happy
D)Arrogant

Question 63

Increasing trust and reducing hostility is likely to occur if you

A)forget about your hostile thoughts and actions.
B)admit you have a problem with anger.
C)focus on small irritations rather than large ones.
D)do all of these.

Question 64

A person who is unusually resistant to the effects of stress would be described by psychologists as

A)a hardy personality.
B)detached.
C)vulnerable.
D)a Type C personality.

Question 65

Jennifer tends to be healthy, happy, and loves her job as a teacher.She is always doing more than one thing at a time, always running from one class to the next, and spends long hours designing new activities for her students.Unlike several of the other teachers, Jennifer looks on the larger classes and the lack of materials as challenges; and she has found creative ways of meeting these challenges.Jennifer would best be described as

A)experiencing learned helplessness.
B)a Type C personality.
C)a hardy personality.
D)experiencing burnout.

Question 66

Sally is a hardy person who is resistant to the effects of stress.If Sally is indicative of the stress research, she

A)has transient depressive episodes.
B)sees life as a series of challenges.
C)uses prescription medication to alleviate the signs of stress.
D)does all of these.

Question 67

Jon is a salesman, who keeps a hostility log in which he records what happened each day, what he thought and felt, and what actions he took.He is also learning to be more assertive and to trust others and not blame them for his failures.Jon is using strategies to

A)become a Type A personality.
B)reduce hostility.
C)persuade other people and change their attitudes in order to become a more successful salesman.
D)become more achievement-oriented and aggressive rather than being passive-aggressive.

Question 68

The qualities that psychologists Salvatore Maddi and Suzanne Kobasa found in people they describe as having a hardy personality include

A)a sense that things in life are determined by external forces.
B)control over their lives and work.
C)a tendency to see life as a struggle and full of suffering.
D)a tendency to avoid extra responsibilities.

Question 69

According to psychologists, happiness is related to all of the following EXCEPT

A)learning to ignore and deny major problems in one's life.
B)being a hardy personality.
C)finding humor in disappointments.
D)seeing setbacks as challenges and being strengthened by losses.

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce hostility, according to Williams?

A)Learn to be passive in upsetting situations.
B)Practice trusting others more.
C)Learn to laugh at yourself.
D)When angry, try to mentally put yourself in the other person's place.

Question 71

A hardy personality

A)is another name for a Type B personality.
B)has traits typical of the Type A personality, but is resistant to stress.
C)is another name for the Type C personality.
D)utilizes a detached orientation to the world in order to alleviate stress reactions.

Question 72

According to Barbara Fredrickson, positive emotions tend to

A)narrow our mental focus on what is important.
B)make it more likely that you will find creative solutions to your problems..
C)increase the bodily arousal that you can more effectively deal with the stress.
D)do all of these.

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT likely to reduce hostility and increase trust?

A)keeping anger inside
B)interrupting hostile thoughts
C)listening more to others
D)learning to be assertive, not aggressive

Question 74

The qualities found in people with a hardy personality include

A)a sense that things in life are determined by external forces.
B)a lack of control over their lives and work.
C)a tendency to see life as a series of challenges.
D)a tendency to avoid extra responsibilities.

Question 75

According to Barbara Fredrickson, positive emotions tend to

A)broaden our mental focus.
B)create an urge to play, to explore, and to be creative.
C)reduce the bodily arousal that occurs when we are stressed.
D)do all of these.

Question 76

A person who has a sense of personal commitment to self, work and family; who feels that he or she has control over their lives and their work; and who has the tendency to see life as a series of challenges, rather than as a series of problems, would best be described as

A)having a hardy personality.
B)having a Type C personality.
C)experiencing burnout.
D)experiencing sane delusions.

Question 77

Salvadore Maddi studies two groups of managers at a large utility company.The differences in the two groups involved one group _____, while the other did not.

A)holding high stress positions at the company
B)having Type A personalities
C)getting sick after stressful events
D)having all of these characteristics

Question 78

Hardy personalities are strong in

A)commitment, finding ways of turning whatever they are doing into something that seems interesting and important.
B)control and are less likely to see themselves as victims of circumstances.
C)challenge and find fulfillment in continual growth.
D)all of these.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT one of the core features of a hardy personality?

A)seeing life as a series of challenges
B)having a sense of commitment to self, work and family
C)feeling that one has control over one's life and work
D)effective use of defense mechanisms

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT related to optimism?

A)dealing with problems head-on
B)less stress and better health
C)effective use of defense mechanisms
D)hardiness and happiness