Deck 13: Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Question 1

If the cost of direct aggression is too high, the aggression may be _____, or redirected toward whomever or whatever is available.

A)repressed
B)displaced
C)projected
D)circumvented

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When Jacob's boss angered him, rather than telling his boss off, Jacob took his anger out on fellow motorists.His behavior is an example of

A)sublimated aggression.
B)displaced aggression.
C)projection.
D)reaction formation.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Bobby hits his little brother every time he is punished by his parents.Bobby's little brother is serving as a

A)circumvention.
B)projection target.
C)scapegoat.
D)reaction formation.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Lashing out at a friend or relative who was not the real cause of your annoyance illustrates _____ aggression.

A)repressed
B)projected
C)displaced
D)sublimated

Question 5

You are angry at your teacher and take out your anger on your dog or your little brother.You are displaying the classic pattern of

A)depression.
B)displaced aggression.
C)approach-approach conflict.
D)projection.

Question 6

When aggression is directed at a target other than the source of frustration, we say that _____ aggression has occurred.

A)repressed
B)dissonant
C)displaced
D)sublimated

Question 7

When little Billy stole and ate his sister's candy, he was sent to his room and could not watch his favorite TV show.In his room, he spread shoe polish all over the wallpaper.His behavior is an example of

A)projection.
B)sublimation.
C)displaced aggression.
D)persistence.

Question 8

Showing excessive anger over a minor annoyance is a common form of _____ aggression.

A)suppressed
B)displaced
C)projected
D)repressed

Question 9

The response to frustration known as _____ may mean actually leaving a source of frustration, such as quitting a job, or it may mean psychologically withdrawing.

A)escape.
B)displaced aggression.
C)scapegoating.
D)circumvention.

Question 10

Glenn has become the bully of the third grade.Every time he gets physically punished by his father, he teases and hits the smaller "victims" on the playground the next day.Glenn's reaction to his frustrations would be considered

A)circumvention.
B)an escape.
C)direct aggression.
D)displaced aggression.

Question 11

Redirecting anger toward safer targets is called

A)repression.
B)displaced aggression.
C)withdrawal.
D)circumvention.

Question 12

If you get an F on a test and then insult the person next to you, you are showing _____ aggression.

A)suppressed
B)displaced
C)projected
D)repressed

Question 13

The habitual redirection of aggression to some person or group is called

A)circumvention.
B)projection.
C)scapegoating.
D)sublimation.

Question 14

Scapegoating refers to

A)use of apathy as a means of dealing with conflict.
B)habitual redirection of aggression to some person or group.
C)a tendency to blindly repeat an unsuccessful response.
D)the act of attributing personal frustration to external causes.

Question 15

Scapegoating is closely related to which response to frustration?

A)leaving the field
B)displaced aggression
C)circumvention
D)reaction formation

Question 16

After the September 11^th attacks, the hostility expressed toward anyone in the U.S.who looked even vaguely "foreign" could be described as an example of

A)reaction formation.
B)sublimated aggression.
C)circumvention.
D)scapegoating.

Question 17

During times of economic hardship, there is an increase in hostility toward illegal immigrants.Psychologists would consider this situation to be an example of

A)scapegoating.
B)reaction formation.
C)sublimated aggression.
D)circumvention.

Question 18

Every time the team plays poorly, they blame their coach.This is an example of

A)depersonalizing.
B)sublimating.
C)compensating.
D)scapegoating.

Question 19

If you dropped a class because you failed one test, you would be exhibiting the response to frustration called

A)escape.
B)displacement.
C)persistence.
D)scapegoating.

Question 20

A disturbing example of _____ aggression is the finding that unemployment and divorce are associated with increased child abuse.

A)displaced
B)suppressed
C)projected
D)repressed

Question 21

Lindsey is a "stay-at-home" mother who applied for her first job in ten years.The interviewer tells Lindsey that she did not get the job because of her lack of computer skills.Lindsey decides not to apply for anymore business positions, although she could take a computer short-course at the local community college to attain these skills.In regards to attaining a position at a company, Lindsey

A)is exhibiting reaction formation.
B)is exhibiting compensation.
C)has created a real barrier.
D)has created an imagined barrier.

Question 22

George was facing a very unhappy marriage, and he was about to be indicted for fraud at his place of business.He bought a ticket to Rio and left on the midnight flight.His behavior would be an example of

A)displaced aggression.
B)a double approach conflict.
C)cognitive dissonance.
D)escape or withdrawal.

Question 23

Maggie has been frustrated in her attempts to make an A on her psychology quizzes.She has been reading the chapter three times before each of the quizzes.She made a D on the first four quizzes.If she continues using this strategy, psychologists would say that she is exhibiting a

A)reaction formation.
B)displaced response.
C)stereotyped behavior.
D)double approach-avoidance conflict.

Question 24

Which is one of the textbook's suggestions for avoiding needless frustrations?

A)Try to ignore the source of your frustration.
B)Try to combine the microstressors in your life.
C)React against the source in an aggressive manner.
D)Determine if the effort necessary to change a source of frustration is worth it.

Question 25

Persistent but inflexible responses to frustration can become

A)stereotyped behaviors.
B)imagined barriers.
C)negative self-statements.
D)sublimated and depersonalized.

Question 26

Larry has been asking Sara out on a date for the last year but has been rejected each time.Sara has just become engaged to Danny.Regarding this frustrating situation of dating Sara, Larry is encountering

A)reaction formation.
B)compensation.
C)a real barrier.
D)an imagined barrier.

Question 27

Gabe continues to apply for a position at the same company every six months even though he still lacks the minimum requirements for the position.Gabe will most likely continue to be frustrated because

A)he is using reaction formation.
B)he is using compensation.
C)this is a real barrier.
D)this is an imagined barrier.

Question 28

Gordon wants to become an administrator but after ten years he is still working as a staff member.Gordon is dealing with this frustration by pretending not to care about getting a promotion.His reaction to this frustration would be considered

A)displaced aggression.
B)circumvention.
C)regression.
D)escape.

Question 29

Which is NOT one of the textbook's suggestions for avoiding needless frustrations?

A)Try to identify the source of your frustration.
B)Try to combine the microstressors in your life in order to deal effectively with them.
C)Determine whether the source of the frustration can be changed.
D)Determine if the effort necessary to change a source of frustration is worth it.

Question 30

If a person has created an imagined barrier to getting a job, this situation would most likely be effectively resolved through all of the following ways EXCEPT for

A)psychological escape.
B)circumvention.
C)persistence.
D)variability.

Question 31

Psychological escape from frustration

A)could include the use of drugs.
B)could involve feigned apathy.
C)is an example of ineffective emotion-focused coping.
D)is all of these.

Question 32

Laboratory research indicates that a rat faced with an unsolvable "jumping to the correct door" problem often developed

A)a stereotyped response.
B)tendency to attack other rats.
C)an escape response.
D)stomach ulcers.

Question 33

Which of the following qualifies as an escape or withdrawal response from frustration?

A)drug use
B)persistence
C)displacement
D)redintegration

Question 34

In frustrating circumstances, real barriers are those which

A)are substantial enough to discourage further effort.
B)cannot be controlled by the individual.
C)cannot be overcome by reasonable effort.
D)are characterized by all of these.

Question 35

Feigned apathy and drug use are examples of which reaction to frustration?

A)psychological escape
B)displaced aggression
C)direct aggression
D)circumvention

Question 36

Frustration-caused behavior that is repetitive and non-productive is called

A)persistence.
B)stereotyped responding.
C)rigidity.
D)perseverance.

Question 37

Psychological escape from frustration is an example of

A)circumvention.
B)ineffective problem-focused coping.
C)ineffective emotion-focused coping.
D)displaced aggression.

Question 38

Which of the following would NOT be helpful in avoiding needless frustration?

A)Determine whether your frustration is external or personal.
B)Distinguish between real and imagined barriers.
C)Determine whether the frustration can be changed.
D)Use psychological escape when possible.

Question 39

Larry would like to take Sara on a date, but she refused his first invitation to go bowling.If Sara hates bowling, and Larry continues to ask her out to go bowling, he is exhibiting

A)reaction formation.
B)displaced response.
C)stereotyped behavior.
D)variability.

Question 40

A stressful condition that occurs when a person must choose between incompatible or contradictory alternatives is referred to as

A)anxiety.
B)frustration.
C)conflict.
D)pressure.

Question 41

The approach-avoidance conflict

A)involves a person being simultaneously attracted to and repelled by the same situation or goal.
B)often creates ambivalent feelings in a person.
C)can lead the person to use partial approach solutions.
D)is characterized by all of these.

Question 42

Roger is trying sky-diving for the first time.The pilot signals that they are in the jump area, but Roger is unable to move.At the same time, he does not want to return to the airport.Roger is experiencing

A)the stage of resistance.
B)an avoidance-avoidance conflict.
C)an approach-approach conflict.
D)a stereotyped response pattern.

Question 43

People often "freeze" and find it impossible to take action in an _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-avoidance
D)ambivalence

Question 44

Indecision, inaction, freezing, and leaving the field are reactions to which conflict?

A)avoidance-avoidance
B)approach-approach
C)approach-avoidance
D)double appraisal

Question 45

You've won a contest and have to decide between a cruise to the Bahamas or a vacation in Europe.This is an example of an _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)approach-avoidance
C)avoidance-avoidance
D)avoidance-approach

Question 46

Simone must make a decision whether to take out a loan and buy a new car or keep her old car and just keep having it repaired.Simone's dilemma illustrates the concept of

A)frustration.
B)conflict.
C)pressure.
D)burnout.

Question 47

You must make a decision to return to school or to keep the good job you have.You cannot do both.This situation fits the concept of

A)frustration.
B)conflict.
C)pressure.
D)an obstacle.

Question 48

Miranda's company is downsizing.She was given the choice of relocating or being terminated from her position.She does not want to do either.Miranda faces a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-avoidance
D)double appraisal

Question 49

May does not want to go to college nor does she want to get a job, but she has got to do one or the other, according to her parents.She is experiencing which type of conflict?

A)approach-approach
B)approach-avoidance
C)avoidance-avoidance
D)double approach-avoidance

Question 50

James wants to marry Lauren, but the responsibilities of marriage scare him.This situation would be classified as what type of conflict?

A)double appraisal
B)approach-approach
C)approach-avoidance
D)avoidance-avoidance

Question 51

A person trapped in a hotel fire 20 stories from the ground has the choice of jumping from the window to a sure death or dashing through the flames and almost surely dying of smoke inhalation and burns.Regarding this situation, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)This person is experiencing a traumatic approach-avoidance conflict.
B)This person will most likely freeze, finding it impossible to decide or to take action.
C)This person will most likely deal with this conflict by "leaving the field."
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 52

If you are forced to choose between taking bad-tasting medicine or being sick, you may experience a(n) _____ conflict.

A)double approach-avoidance
B)approach-avoidance
C)avoidance-avoidance
D)approach-approach

Question 53

You really love horror movies.It's Friday night, and there is a 7:10 showing of A Haunting to Remember.There is also a 7:20 showing of A Slashing Good Time.Having to choose which movie you'll go see is an example of a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-avoidance
D)double approach-avoidance

Question 54

Sandra desperately wants to join her friends on a European excursion, but the trip is so expensive she is having trouble deciding whether to go or not.Sandra is experiencing a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-avoidance
B)approach-approach
C)avoidance-avoidance
D)double appraisal

Question 55

The easiest conflict to resolve is usually a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-avoidance
B)approach-approach
C)avoidance-avoidance
D)double approach-avoidance

Question 56

Regarding conflict, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Whether or not a person is experiencing a conflict must be defined based on that person's needs and values.
B)When faced with a double avoidance conflict, not choosing may be impossible or equally undesirable as the choices.
C)Freezing and leaving the field are two reactions to an approach-approach conflict.
D)The ambivalence of approach-avoidance conflicts is usually translated into a partial approach.

Question 57

A person caught between "a rock and a hard place" is in a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-avoidance
D)double appraisal

Question 58

Ron's parents want him to either go to college or go to work in his father's business.Ron does not want to do either.He becomes so stressed by this conflict that he joins the army.Ron's joining the army is an example of

A)partial approach.
B)ambivalence.
C)freezing.
D)leaving the field.

Question 59

If you cannot decide whether to order the steak or the shrimp dish because they both are so delicious, you are experiencing a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-avoidance
D)double appraisal

Question 60

To attend medical school, June must be separated from her future husband for at least the first year.Her difficulty in deciding whether or not to attend reflects

A)displacement.
B)frustration.
C)conflict.
D)sublimation.

Question 61

A person who was offered an excellent job in offices on the 18th floor of a building is faced with a problem because he is deathly afraid of elevators.His conflict regarding taking this job would be termed

A)approach-avoidance.
B)double approach-avoidance.
C)avoidance-avoidance.
D)neurotic avoidance.

Question 62

Choosing among all the different brands of cereal in the supermarket would be an example of a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)approach-avoidance
C)avoidance-avoidance
D)multiple approach-avoidance

Question 63

One who is simultaneously attracted to and repelled by the same activity or goal often experiences

A)an approach conflict.
B)an avoidance conflict.
C)ambivalence.
D)a general adaptation conflict.

Question 64

Which of the following is POOR advice for a person who wants to handle conflicts more effectively?

A)take time to collect information
B)try out decisions partially when possible
C)look for workable compromises
D)stick to a decision even when it appears to be wrong

Question 65

A reaction in which one benefits from some of the positive aspects of an approach- avoidance conflict is termed

A)partial reinforcement.
B)partial approach.
C)stress bargaining.
D)partial escape.

Question 66

You are offered two jobs.One has good pay but you have to work on weekends, while the other job has better hours but less pay.You vacillate between the alternatives.You are experiencing a(n)

A)avoidance-avoidance conflict.
B)double approach-avoidance conflict.
C)approach-avoidance conflict.
D)approach-approach conflict.

Question 67

You must study for two tests within the next eight hours.Both tests should require six hours of study time, which is four hours more than you have.You need to make a good grade on both tests.So, you being studying for one test and then start thinking about the need to study for the other, so you switch to the other subject.You are experiencing _____ due to this _____ conflict.

A)freezing; avoidance-avoidance
B)vacillation; double approach-avoidance
C)a reaction known as "leaving the field;" approach-avoidance
D)indecision; approach-approach

Question 68

Kristen has been romantically involved with two young men, Scott and Bryan.She wants to date one of them exclusively; however, she cannot decide between them.Scott has a wonderful sense of humor and makes her laugh, but he is always switching jobs.Bryan is loyal and supportive of Kristen, and he is financially stable.However, Bryan takes everything so seriously that he is just not any fun to be around sometimes.In making her choice, Kristen is experiencing a(n) _____ conflict.

A)double approach-avoidance
B)approach-approach
C)avoidance-avoidance
D)approach-avoidance

Question 69

Vacillation is a particularly frequent reaction to

A)approach conflicts.
B)avoidance conflicts.
C)double approach-avoidance conflicts.
D)conflicts associated with negative motives.

Question 70

Which type of conflict do we most often encounter in everyday life?

A)approach-approach conflict
B)approach-avoidance conflict
C)avoidance-avoidance conflict
D)multiple approach-avoidance conflict

Question 71

Wanting to eat but not wanting to gain weight is an example of a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-avoidance
D)multiple approach-avoidance

Question 72

Joleenn loves desserts, but is on a diet.When offered a dessert, she will probably experience a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)approach-avoidance
C)avoidance-avoidance
D)double appraisal

Question 73

Choosing among all the different brands and styles of automobiles would be an example of a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)multiple approach-avoidance
C)avoidance-avoidance
D)approach-avoidance

Question 74

Wanting to quit smoking but not wanting to go through withdrawal is an example of a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)double approach-approach
C)double approach-avoidance
D)approach-avoidance

Question 75

Your friend Jason is undecided about which college to attend.What would you advise him to do?

A)Do not be hasty when making this important decision.
B)Spend a few days at the different colleges.
C)Ask some of your teachers or the school counselor about the different colleges.
D)All of these are helpful suggestions.

Question 76

Apprehension, dread, or uneasiness, similar to fear based on an unclear threat, is called

A)pressure.
B)stress.
C)anxiety.
D)denial.

Question 77

A high school senior choosing among all the different college majors would be an example of a(n) _____ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)approach-avoidance
C)avoidance-avoidance
D)multiple approach-avoidance

Question 78

Which of the following suggestions would help you handle conflicts more effectively?

A)Do not be hasty when making important decisions.
B)Look for workable compromises.
C)Try out important decisions partially when possible.
D)All of these are helpful suggestions.

Question 79

Which of the following is a suggestion made by the text to help handle conflicts more effectively?

A)Make decisions as quickly as possible to prevent prolonged stress.
B)Try out important decisions partially when possible.
C)Stick to a decision even if it appears to be wrong to reduce stress.
D)When all else fails, continue to vacillate over a decision until one alternative becomes clear.

Question 80

Ambivalence and partial approach are very common reactions to what type of conflict?

A)approach-approach
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-avoidance
D)multiple avoidance