Deck 18: The Far North

Question 1

The first group to move into the Far North were the ancestors of the ________.

A)Aleuts
B)Inuit
C)Athabascans
D)Algonquins

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Physical and cultural geographers see Iceland and Greenland as ________.

A)Divided,because the geology of Iceland is the world youngest,and Greenland is the geologically oldest yet discovered
B)Divided because the geology of Greenland is the world youngest,and Iceland is the geologically oldest yet discovered
C)Undivided,because the geology of both Iceland and Greenland are some of the world's youngest
D)Undivided,because the geology of both Iceland and Greenland are the geologically oldest yet discovered

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The largest landform region in Canada is ________.

A)The Northwest Platter
B)The Canadian Shield
C)The Yukon Territory
D)The North American Plate

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The lifestyles of the major native groups were as follows:

A)The Aleut and the Algonquins primarily hunters and inland fishers,while the Athabascans and the Inuit were predominately oriented to a marine lifestyle.
B)The Athabascans and the Algonquins were primarily hunters and inland fishers,while the Aleut and the Inuit were predominately oriented to a marine lifestyle.
C)The Inuit and the Aleut were primarily hunters and inland fishers,while the Athabascans and the Algonquins were predominately oriented to a marine lifestyle.
D)The Athabascans and the Inuit were primarily hunters and inland fishers,while the Aleut and the Algonquins were predominately oriented to a marine lifestyle.

Question 5

During the 19ᵗʰ Century,most of the Far North was controlled by the ________.

A)The Northwest Company
B)The Baffin Bay Company
C)Couriers du bois
D)The Hudson Bay Company

Question 6

The Far North is that area where the growing season is too short for successful commercial agricultural on a regular basis,the land base is too poor,and ________.

A)Fishing is the main industry.
B)Most of the land is an ecological preserve.
C)The land is covered in ice.
D)The climate is rigorous.

Question 7

Settlement in the Far North is ________.

A)Continuous
B)Discontinuous
C)Sparse
D)Concentrated

Question 8

Most scholars agree that the ancestors of todays Native Americans in Alaska,and the First Nations,aboriginals,and Inuit peoples in Canada likely ________.

A)Arrived by foot and boat via an ice bridge from Northern Europe and Iceland
B)Arrived by foot from Asia via the land bridge across the Bering Strait and later by boat from Asia
C)Arrived by foot across the land bridge ice from Asia and later by boat from Iceland
D)Arrived by boat from Asia,and later by foot via the arctic ice from Europe and Iceland

Question 9

Permafrost is ________.

A)A surface snow layer that does not melt in the summer
B)A subsurface layer of soil and water that does not thaw
C)An Arctic weather pattern that does not get above freezing
D)A region where planting is not possible because of yearlong morning frost

Question 10

Global climate change in the Far North is most acute in the ________.

A)Spring
B)Summer
C)Autumn
D)Winter

Question 11

The first native people moved to Greenland about ________ during a warm climatic period.

A)5000 years ago
B)10,000 years ago
C)15,000 years ago
D)20,000 years ago

Question 12

Climate trends in the Far North have shown considerable warming,due to global climate change,during ________.

A)The past decade
B)The past three decades
C)The past nine decades
D)The past fifteen decades

Question 13

In 1999 Canada divided ________ in two forming Nunavut.

A)The Yukon Territory
B)The Northwest Territories
C)Ontario
D)Quebec

Question 14

The first European contact with Greenland was led by the Viking explorer ________.

A)Erik the Red
B)Biôrn the Brave
C)Eilif the Black
D)Bersi the Bold

Question 15

The sea route that was thought to have linked the Atlantic and Pacific oceans via the Arctic Ocean is called the ________.

A)The Arctic Route
B)The Nunavut Corridor
C)The Northwest Passage
D)The Panama Canal

Question 16

The discovery of ________ in 1898 caused a local economic boom in the Klondike region.

A)Gold
B)Silver
C)Oil
D)Coal

Question 17

The European influence in the Far North ended for several centuries when ________.

A)Tribes from Asia wiped out or subsumed native tribes that had migrated from Iceland
B)Disease and native tribes destroyed or subsumed the Viking colony in Newfoundland
C)The Norse in Greenland were killed or subsumed by the indigenous peoples
D)The Norse in Iceland were destroyed by indigenous people from Greenland

Question 18

As part of an effort for promoting the settlement of the Far North,during the Great Depression of the 1930s,the U.S.government paid ________.

A)The relocation expenses for hundreds of impoverished miners to explore the mountainous regions around Fairbanks for precious metals
B)The relocation expenses for hundreds of impoverished fishermen from Oregon and Washington to settle on the coast of Alaska and resettle abandoned communities,around Kotzebue,once owned by Russia
C)The relocation expenses for hundreds of impoverished lumberjacks,from Idaho and Montana,to settle the Alaskan and Canadian northern interior along the Yukon River as part of an economic improvement effort
D)The relocation expenses for hundreds of impoverished farmers from Minnesota and the Dakotas to settle in the Matanuska Valley in Alaska

Question 19

One characteristic of the tundra biome is ________.

A)Lack of shrubs and grasses
B)Lack of flowers
C)Lack of trees
D)Lack of lichen

Question 20

This act created Canada's newest Territory of Nunavut in 1999.

A)The Canadian Native Treaties Act
B)The Northern Land Claims Agreement
C)The Northwestern Native Protection Act
D)The Baker Lake Claims Agreement

Question 21

Human utilization of coastal resources has been ________ in recent years

A)Climbing
B)Staying the same
C)Moderately declining
D)Massively declining

Question 22

In 1979,Jimmy Carter signed the Alaska Wilderness Act creating the ________,an area currently under threat in Congress of losing its protection to gas and oil drilling.

A)Alaska Wilderness Refuge (AWR)
B)Arctic National Park (ANP)
C)Alaska National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)
D)Arctic Wilderness and Wildlife Preserve (AWWP)

Question 23

In 1814,Greenland formally became a territory of ________,though it regained partial independence in 2009.

A)Sweden
B)Denmark
C)Canada
D)The United States

Question 24

The Canadian Shield is one of the most ________-rich areas on the Earth's surface.

A)Mineral
B)Fish
C)Lumber
D)Fur

Question 25

The last remaining continental glaciers are located in ________ and Antarctica.

A)Alaska
B)The Northwest Territories
C)Nunavut
D)Greenland

Question 26

In comparison to other parts of North America,scientists believe that the Far North will face ________ impacts from global climate change.

Question 27

The Northwest physiographic subregion can be described as ________.It is an extension of the ________.

Question 28

Two of the world's largest ________ deposits were found near Nain,Labrador;and near Sudbury,Ontario.

A)Coal
B)Copper
C)Lead
D)Nickel
E)Iron Ore

Question 29

In the mid 20th century,the ________ was Canada's largest secondary sector industry.

A)Oil refining industry
B)Pulp and paper industry
C)Textiles manufacturing industry
D)Hydroelectric power industry

Question 30

Most of the long-distance travel in the Far North is by ________.

A)Boat
B)Plane
C)Road
D)All of the above

Question 31

Prior to European settlement the Inuit and Aleut made their living through ________.

Question 32

During the Cold War,the threat from the Soviet Union encouraged Americans and Canadians to establish military bases throughout Canada,Alaska and Greenland.This was called ________.

A)The DEW (Distant Early Warning)Line
B)The NAWAS (National Warning System)
C)The PEWS (Polar Early Warning System)
D)The WIDe (Worldwide Intelligence Defense)Line

Question 33

Among the primary sector activities in the Far North for Euro-Americans,which were the most important?

A)Fur trapping,whaling,mining,agriculture,and forestry.
B)Fur trapping,whaling,agriculture,forestry,and fishing.
C)Fur trapping,whaling,mining,forestry,and fishing.
D)Fur trapping,mining,agriculture,forestry,and fishing.
E)Mining,agriculture,mining,forestry,and fishing.

Question 34

The largest physiographic subregion in the Far North,covering most of Canada is ________.

Question 35

Greenland has become more accessible to tourists over the past few decades due to events associated with ________.

A)Gaining its partial independence
B)The end of the Cold War
C)Global climate change
D)The creation of the Eurozone

Question 36

During the 1960s Sudbury,Ontario's prosperity was tempered by environmental problems.What was the problem?

A)Methyl isocynate released as a byproduct resulted in a massive fish and animal kills,and endangered human health.
B)Cyanide and heavy metals entering the biosphere made local crops toxic to humans.
C)Sulfur dioxide emissions killed much of the local vegetation creating a huge barren area.
D)Petroleum waste,and floating trash caused portions of Nephawin Lake to catch fire.

Question 37

During the Cold War,the Canadian and U.S.governments actively encouraged ________.

A)Local Inuit and other native people to join the military to staff the arctic military bases
B)Local Inuit and other native people to resume their traditional lifestyles and move from locations that was desired for secret military bases
C)Local Inuit and other native people to move to Greenland and abandon much of the arctic circles
D)Local Inuit and other native people to abandon their traditional lifestyles and move into permanent settlements and send their children to public schools

Question 38

________ is officially the world's largest island.

A)Greenland
B)Baffin Island
C)Victoria Island
D)Ellesmere Island
E)Iceland

Question 39

Three impacts of rise in average temperatures in Alaska are ________,________,and ________.

Question 40

Guns,knives,metal tools,and other Western technologies and commercial products,were introduced to the Far North for the first time by

A)Miners and mercantilers.
B)Lumberjacks and fishermen.
C)Farmers and miners.
D)Fur traders and whalers.

Question 41

Explain the concept of the Northwest Passage.What is the potential impact of global warming in relation to this term?

Question 42

How did the Far North figure in U.S.and Canadian security efforts during the Cold War?

Question 43

Both petroleum production and fishing are economically significant industries in Alaska.Compare and contrast the environmental impacts of these two industries.

Question 44

European explorers hoped to find the Northwest Passage because ________.

Question 45

What is permafrost and how does it impact human settlement in the Far North? What impact climate change had on this relationship?

Question 46

The creation of Nunavut through the Canadian Native Land Claims Agreement gave the Inuit rights to resources in the region,such as ________ and ________.

Question 47

The name Greenland was adopted because ________.

Question 48

The DEW line was a project that established ________.

Question 49

How has global climate change impacted the Far North?

Question 50

It is more expensive to produce petroleum in the Far North because of ________ and ________.