Deck 11: Body Mechanics: Posture, Questionable Exercises, and Care of the Back and Neck

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true regarding microtrauma?

A)It is a term used to describe small accumulated damage to the body over time.
B)The microscopic tissue changes caused by trauma are often felt before disease sets in.
C)It is a form of injury that can lead to conditions such as disc herniation and carpal tunnel syndrome.
D)Damage due to microtrauma is often considered a "silent injury."

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the main benefit of the curvature in the spinal column (lordotic curve)?

A)It allows better protection of the spinal cord.
B)It permits movement.
C)It helps balance forces on the body and minimizes muscle tension.
D)It assists in head control.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When sitting at a desk all day,what is a safe guideline to prevent posture,back,and neck problems?

A)raise the chair so your head is tilted down
B)keep your feet off the floor to relieve back pressure
C)rest your back firmly against the chair
D)keep your knees slightly higher than hips

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The spine should have _____ curves when viewed from the side but should be ______ when seen from the back.

A)straight,gentle
B)gentle,straight
C)three,two
D)two,three

Question 5

If a body part is out of line,there is an increased strain and stress on the muscles,ligaments,and joints because

A)other body parts must compensate to balance it.
B)other body parts become weaker.
C)of muscle spasms.
D)intervertebral discs slip.

Question 6

Ill-fitting clothing and shoes,chronic fatigue,and improperly fitting furniture are called __________ factors.

A)acquired
B)environmental
C)physical
D)congenital

Question 7

Which of the following is considered poor standing alignment?

A)chest high
B)abdomen flat
C)pelvis tipped forward
D)head centered over the trunk

Question 8

When lying down,what is a safe guideline to prevent posture,back,and neck problems?

A)Lie on your abdomen.
B)Lie on your side with the legs straight.
C)Do not lie on your back unless you have a thick head pillow.
D)Place a pillow between your knees when lying on your side.

Question 9

Exercises that help correct pain-related problems by strengthening weak muscles,stretching short ones,and improving circulation are classified as

A)therapeutic.
B)curative.
C)restorative.
D)healing.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the spinal column?

A)The anatomy of the spine allows load bearing but not movement.
B)It is made up of 33 vertebrae connected in a single gentle curve.
C)It includes intervertebral discs important in distributing force.
D)Its bony structure is not known to protect the spinal cord or spinal nerves.

Question 11

Which of the following muscle groups is considered part of the core?

A)diaphragm and cardiac musculature
B)pelvic floor and chest musculature
C)biceps and hamstring musculature
D)transversus abdominis and back extensor musculature

Question 12

Lumbar ___________ is commonly called "swayback."

A)kyphosis
B)kurtosis
C)lordosis
D)scoliosis

Question 13

Resistance exercise can help postural and back problems because it

A)corrects muscle imbalances.
B)increases physical activity.
C)decreases hormonal concentrations.
D)flexes the spine.

Question 14

An exercise that increases risk of injury if repeated over time is called

A)antagonistic.
B)questionable.
C)controlled.
D)therapeutic.

Question 15

Which is least likely to lead to back problems?

A)lack of endurance
B)lack of strength
C)poor flexibility
D)poor coordination

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding core musculature?

A)Core mobilizers are small,deep muscles which contract isometrically to produce movement.
B)Examples of core mobilizers include the transversus abdominus,diaphragm,and pelvic floor musculature.
C)Core stabilizers are deeply located muscles which provide local spinal support and stiffness.
D)Core stabilizers are best trained using fast contractions,resistive forces,and fewer repetitions.

Question 17

Which of the following is the most serious and deforming of all postural deviations?

A)swayback
B)humpback
C)sciatica
D)scoliosis

Question 18

Which of the following is recommended when working?

A)lift with full arm extension to help prevent back injuries
B)tools used most often should be within the closest reach
C)finish one task before changing to another
D)work above head level most of the time

Question 19

What is the consequence of a forward head posture?

A)low back tension
B)neck pain
C)herniated disks
D)arthritis

Question 20

Pronated feet can lead to foot,knee,and lower back pain because of

A)decreased shock absorption.
B)increased shock absorption.
C)decreased pressure on the outer aspect of the feet.
D)increased pressure on the outer aspect of the feet.

Question 21

A ______ core stabilizer produces trunk movement as well as trunk stability.

A)local
B)sacral
C)global
D)regional

Question 22

Poor posture can be caused by which of the following?

A)heart disease
B)high blood pressure
C)environmental factors
D)all the above

Question 23

Exercising with physioballs is useful for back pain because they

A)allow greater amounts of weight to be lifted.
B)require balance and stabilization in different positions.
C)put the back in an effective stretched position.
D)provide shock absorption.

Question 24

(p.242-256 (BASED ON EXERCISE CONTENT))Which of the following exercises might you recommend for an individual with back pain and a relatively flat back?

A)trunk side bending
B)prone press up
C)hip flexor stretching
D)lunges and heel raises

Question 25

Which discipline uses biomechanical principles to develop tools and workplace settings that put the least amount of strain on the body?

A)ergonomics
B)neurobiology
C)physical medicine
D)mechanical engineering

Question 26

What type of training may help to improves pain tolerance and function for someone experiencing back pain?

A)cross-training
B)plyometric training
C)endurance training
D)core training

Question 27

Which of the following is true?

A)Degenerative changes in the discs cause people to get shorter as they age
B)The majority of cases of back pain are caused by disc herniation.
C)Disc herniation occurs most typically from an acute injury.
D)Risks of disc herniation increase with age.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true regarding contraindicated exercises?

A)They are poor choices for nearly everyone in the general population.
B)They are best performed under the supervision of a personal trainer or physical therapist.
C)They should be prescribed widely to reduce injury risk in the population.
D)They should be modified by increasing exercise frequency,duration,and intensity.

Question 29

Which of the following is true regarding backaches?

A)Back pain is the most common medical complaint reported to doctors.
B)Most Americans experience back pain sometime in their life.
C)The cause of most back pain can be determined.
D)Back pain is preventable.

Question 30

Kyphosis refers to which of the following?

A)herniated disc
B)hump back
C)cervical displacement
D)none of the above

Question 31

(p.242-256 (BASED ON EXERCISE CONTENT))Which of the following combination of exercises might you recommend for an individual with back pain and excessive lumbar lordosis?

A)the swan stretch and hip flexor strengthening
B)supine trunk twist and upper trunk lift
C)hip flexor stretching and abdominal strengthening
D)hamstring stretching and leg strengthening with half squats

Question 32

Where in the body are the cervical vertebrae located?

A)upper back
B)neck
C)lower back
D)coccyx