Deck 12: Cancer

Question 1

Which causes 80% of the cases of liver cancer worldwide?

A)hepatitis B and C viruses
B)Epstein-Barr virus
C)human herpesvirus 8
D)Helicobacter pylori bacterium

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which is a source of radiation?

A)UV rays from the sun
B)heterocyclic amines
C)ultrasound tests
D)television screens

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A diet high in which foods is linked to high rates of colon and prostate cancer?

A)fat and meat
B)fiber
C)carotenoids
D)nitrosamines

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which is true of environmental tobacco smoke?

A)It is a harmless substance.
B)It is a risk factor for lung cancer.
C)It is only dangerous in people with a family history of cancer.
D)It is a risk factor for prostate cancer.

Question 5

What is the primary difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

A)Malignant tumors can spread to other sites in the body.
B)Benign tumors do not have symptoms.
C)Malignant tumors are more difficult to detect.
D)Benign tumors are made up of different types of cells than the surrounding tissue.

Question 6

What controls the production of a protein?

A)genes
B)chromosomes
C)oncogenes
D)mutations

Question 7

What is the name for substances that cause cancer?

A)mutagens
B)oncogenes
C)initiators
D)carcinogens

Question 8

A diet high in which foods is associated with increased risk of oral cancers?

A)fiber
B)fat
C)alcohol
D)fruits and vegetables

Question 9

What is the chief risk factor for lung cancer?

A)family history
B)alcohol
C)air pollution
D)tobacco smoke

Question 10

Which potentially dangerous additive exists in processed meats?

A)sulforaphane
B)nitrates
C)sodium chloride
D)glucose

Question 11

About how many people are diagnosed with cancer each year?

A)600,000
B)1.6 million
C)6.6 million
D)10.6 million

Question 12

Which is an example of a cancer promoter?

A)STIs
B)estrogen
C)smoking
D)asbestos

Question 13

Jose has a family history of colon cancer.What should he do to lower his personal risk of the disease?

A)decrease his intake of fruits and vegetables
B)stop exercising regularly
C)increase his intake of red meat
D)take a small,regular dose of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 14

Which naturally occurring substances found in plant foods can help prevent chronic diseases?

A)nitrosamines
B)anticarcinogens
C)phytochemicals
D)free radicals

Question 15

Which is the best description of cancer?

A)a rapid growth of cells within an enclosed membrane
B)an abnormal and uncontrollable multiplication of cells
C)an infectious disease that is often fatal
D)tumors that cause death

Question 16

Which is a good source of phytochemicals?

A)lean portions of beef
B)nonfat milk
C)halibut
D)broccoli

Question 17

Which food is recommended for cancer risk reduction?

A)pork
B)yellow or orange fruits and vegetables
C)potatoes and yams
D)onions and celery

Question 18

When does metastasis occur?

A)when a tumor grows and interferes with body functions
B)when cancerous cells divide rapidly within an organ
C)when cancer cells break off and invade other body parts
D)when a nonmalignant cell grows slowly

Question 19

What is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States?

A)breast cancer
B)colon and rectal cancer
C)prostate cancer
D)lung cancer

Question 20

Which of the following is linked to approximately 30% of cancer deaths?

A)heredity/family history
B)smoking
C)pollution
D)ultraviolet radiation

Question 21

Which statement about ovarian cancer is true?

A)It is relatively rare but has a high death rate.
B)It is detectable with Pap tests.
C)It decreases in incidence with age.
D)It has obvious early warning signs.

Question 22

How can prostate cancer be detected?

A)palpitative examination
B)radiation
C)ultrasound
D)HDL test

Question 23

What is the name for cancer of the uterus?

A)prostate
B)endometrial
C)estrogen
D)cervical

Question 24

Which infection puts women at risk for cervical cancer?

A)pneumonia
B)hepatitis
C)human papillomavirus (HPV)
D)streptococcus

Question 25

What do obesity and alcohol use have in common that increases breast cancer risk?

A)They increase glucose levels in the blood.
B)They increase estrogen levels in the blood.
C)They raise LDL cholesterol.
D)They lower triglyceride levels.

Question 26

Which is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?

A)melanoma
B)basal cell carcinoma
C)lymphoma
D)squamous cell carcinoma

Question 27

Which of the following risk factors is most clearly linked with skin cancer?

A)eating a high-fat diet
B)smoking cigarettes
C)exposing skin to ultraviolet radiation
D)drinking alcoholic beverages

Question 28

Which group is at an increased risk for developing skin cancer?

A)people with naturally dark skin
B)people who use tanning lamps
C)people with no family history of skin cancer
D)people with bleached blond hair

Question 29

What is a common test that is useful in early detection of colon cancers?

A)stool blood test
B)serum lipid panel
C)surgery
D)biopsy

Question 30

Which risk factor is associated with prostate cancer?

A)an active lifestyle
B)a diet rich in vegetable fiber
C)a diet low in calories
D)a history of sexually transmitted infections

Question 31

A diet that is high in which food may increase risk of prostate cancer?

A)cruciferous vegetables
B)dairy foods
C)tomatoes
D)soy

Question 32

Which is the most common type of cancer in women?

A)lung
B)breast
C)colorectal
D)skin

Question 33

Which is a signal of colon and rectal cancer?

A)high fever
B)headaches
C)cramping
D)rectal bleeding

Question 34

Which statement about ultraviolet B (UVB)radiation is true?

A)It causes sunburn.
B)It is the primary type of radiation emitted from tanning beds.
C)It is not linked to skin cancer.
D)It has a longer wavelength than UVA radiation.

Question 35

The Pap test is used to help detect which type of cancer?

A)cervical
B)ovarian
C)breast
D)endometrial

Question 36

Which statement about the prostate gland is TRUE?

A)The prostate gland is located at the base of the bladder.
B)The prostate gland is enclosed in the scrotum.
C)When shrunken,the prostate gland can block the flow of urine.
D)The prostate gland does not produce seminal fluiD.

Question 37

Which is a risk factor for cervical cancer?

A)high-fat diet
B)aging
C)smoking
D)early onset of menstruation

Question 38

Which is a risk factor for breast cancer?

A)lack of alcohol use
B)early motherhood
C)obesity
D)late onset of menstruation

Question 39

Which is the most common cancer in men?

A)colon cancer
B)prostate cancer
C)lung cancer
D)leukemia

Question 40

The American Cancer Society recommends routine use of mammography to detect breast cancer for women over what age?

A)25 years
B)35 years
C)45 years
D)55 years

Question 41

To what substance or activity is oral cancer traced?

A)nitrates and sulfates
B)excess use of alcohol
C)chewing gum
D)chewing celery sticks instead of smoking

Question 42

Where can melanoma occur?

A)only on the face or neck
B)only near moles
C)only on areas that have been sunburned
D)anywhere on the body

Question 43

What is the most common cancer for men aged 20 to 35?

A)lung cancer
B)prostate cancer
C)colon cancer
D)testicular cancer

Question 44

About 15% of cancer deaths are related to general environmental pollution.

Question 45

The spread of cancer cells to parts of the body distant from the site of the original tumor is called metastasis.

Question 46

Cancer is an abnormal and uncontrollable multiplication of cells or tissue that leads to death if untreated.

Question 47

Benign tumors are capable of invading surrounding structures and spreading to distant sites.

Question 48

What stage would a cancer that has spread to distant tissues or organs be classified as?

A)Stage I
B)Stage II
C)Stage III
D)Stage IV

Question 49

Every case of cancer begins with a change in a cell that allows it to grow and divide when it should not.

Question 50

Nitrates in food can inhibit cancer cell development.

Question 51

Which statement regarding the testicular self-exam is true?

A)It is best performed before a shower or bath.
B)It should be done bi-monthly.
C)It is recommended only for men who are sexually active.
D)It should be performed using a gentle rolling motion.

Question 52

Melissa uses a sunscreen with an SPF rating of 20.What does this does this mean?

A)She can stay in the sun for 20 minutes without getting tanned or burned.
B)She can stay in the sun 20 times longer without getting burned than if she didn't use it.
C)She is protected against the full range of ultraviolet radiation.
D)Her sunscreen contains 20 different ingredients to block ultraviolet radiation.

Question 53

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States.

Question 54

Which statement about ultraviolet radiation is true?

A)It's best to avoid outdoor activity in the late afternoon,because the sun's rays are most intense after 3 P.M.
B)Swimming is a good choice of outdoor activity,because ultraviolet rays cannot penetrate water.
C)Sand reflects ultraviolet radiation,so beach-goers need to wear sunscreen even if they sit under a beach umbrella.
D)Sunscreen is not needed at high elevations because the atmosphere at high altitude filters out most ultraviolet radiation.

Question 55

What term refers to the use of drugs to destroy rapidly growing cancer cells?

A)radiation
B)surgery
C)chemotherapy
D)transplanting

Question 56

How often should men perform a testicular self-exam?

A)weekly
B)monthly
C)annually
D)every 3 years

Question 57

Which best describes leukemia?

A)a benign disease of the lymph system
B)a malignant disease of the white blood cells
C)a non-melanoma skin cancer
D)a benign disorder of glucose metabolism

Question 58

Excess alcohol use is a risk factor for several types of cancer.

Question 59

Estrogen is an example of a cancer promoter,because it stimulates cellular growth in the female reproductive organs.

Question 60

Which is characteristic of a skin lesion that may be a melanoma?

A)diameter greater than one-quarter inch
B)symmetrical shape
C)solid dark color
D)smooth border

Question 61

Unprotected sex is a risk factor for cervical cancer.

Question 62

The Epstein-Barr virus that causes mononucleosis is also linked to some stomach cancers.

Question 63

Ninety percent of breast lumps turn out to be malignant.

Question 64

Prostate cancers can sometimes be detected with a blood test.

Question 65

Uterine cancer affects mostly younger women.

Question 66

Explain the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor,and include a description of metastasis in the answer.

Question 67

Pancreatic cancer is usually not detected until it has reached an advanced stage.

Question 68

A persistent cough or chest pain can be a warning sign for lung cancer.

Question 69

Tobacco smoke is the chief risk factor for lung cancer.

Question 70

Colon cancer rarely occurs before age 40.

Question 71

The majority of women with breast cancer have a family history of the disease.

Question 72

Choose one of the common cancers and briefly describe the cancer.Outline its risk factors,signs/symptoms,and treatment.List at least three lifestyle strategies for prevention.

Question 73

African American men have an increased risk of prostate cancer compared with other populations.

Question 74

For most cancers,surgery is the most effective treatment.

Question 75

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the primary cause of skin cancers.

Question 76

Folic acid and calcium may provide protection against the development of colon cancer.

Question 77

Use of tanning lamps is not linked to skin cancer,because tanning lamps emit a safe form of UV radiation.

Question 78

The primary risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption.

Question 79

Late onset of menstruation and early onset of menopause are risk factors for breast cancer.

Question 80

If not detected early,basal cell carcinoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer.