Deck 11: Cardiovascular Health

Question 1

What may sustained high blood pressure indicate?

A)emotional stress
B)heart strength
C)increased resistance to arterial blood flow
D)an unhealthy ratio of HDLs to LDLs

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Approximately how many nonsmokers die of heart disease each year due to exposure to ETS (environmental tobacco smoke)?

A)35,000
B)46,000
C)57,000
D)68,000

Answer 2

B

Question 3

How often does the National Cholesterol Education Program recommend that adults have lipoprotein levels measured?

A)every year
B)every 2 years
C)every 5 years
D)every 10 years

Answer 3

C

Question 4

How does smoking harm the cardiovascular system?

A)Smoking decreases the adhesiveness of platelets.
B)Smoking decreases plaque formation.
C)Smoking reduces blood pressure.
D)Smoking reduces the level of high-density lipoproteins.

Question 5

What are the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease that people can change?

A)tobacco use,high blood pressure,diabetes,stress,physical inactivity,and heredity
B)high blood pressure,obesity,high triglyceride levels,chronic infection,hostility,and tobacco use
C)elevated cholesterol levels,tobacco use,high blood pressure,obesity,physical inactivity,and diabetes
D)physical inactivity,high blood pressure,high triglyceride levels,elevated cholesterol levels,high homocysteine levels,and obesity

Question 6

Which blood pressure reading would be considered normal for a healthy adult?

A)110/78
B)120/88
C)135/92
D)144/90

Question 7

Which cholesterol profile would place someone at greatest risk for heart disease?

A)low HDL and low LDL
B)high HDL and high LDL
C)low HDL and high LDL
D)high HDL and low LDL

Question 8

How does exercise alter blood fat levels?

A)It raises LDL levels.
B)It raises triglyceride levels.
C)It raises HDL levels.
D)It lowers HDL levels.

Question 9

Which of the following cardiovascular disease (CVD)risk factors are NOT modifiable?

A)family history of CVD
B)cigarette smoking
C)cholesterol levels
D)physical inactivity

Question 10

According to the American College of Cardiology (ACC),which of the following groups would benefit from statin therapy?

A)anyone over 75 with elevated cholesterol
B)people older than 21 with high LDL levels
C)people aged 40-75 with diabetes and a history of CVD
D)anyone of any age with elevated cholesterol levels

Question 11

How does smoking affect the cardiovascular system?

A)It decreases blood clotting.
B)It decreases heart rate.
C)It increases the amount of oxygen.
D)It increases blood pressure.

Question 12

What is the leading cause of death in the United States?

A)unintentional injuries
B)cancer
C)cardiovascular disease (CVD)
D)AIDS

Question 13

What is the maximum amount of sodium that people with hypertension,African Americans,and middle-aged and older adults should consume?

A)1,000 mg per day
B)2,400 mg per day
C)3,000 mg per day
D)4,000 mg per day

Question 14

Cardiovascular disease risk is greatest for people who tend to store body fat in what part of the body?

A)abdomen
B)hips
C)thighs
D)shoulders

Question 15

Which diet should a person with high blood pressure choose?

A)a diet high in prepared meals
B)a diet with much red meat
C)a diet heavy in fruits and grains
D)a diet with salted foods

Question 16

Why is excess cholesterol hazardous to health?

A)It is deposited in fat cells.
B)It is deposited on artery walls.
C)It is deposited in cell membranes.
D)It is deposited around nerves.

Question 17

What is the form of blood fat that carries cholesterol out from the liver to other parts of the body?

A)low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
B)high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
C)very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
D)triglyceride

Question 18

Which form of cholesterol shuttles cholesterol back to the liver for recycling?

A)low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
B)triglycerides
C)high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
D)saturated fat

Question 19

Which blood pressure readings for an adult would prompt a diagnosis of hypertension?

A)110/70
B)140/96
C)119/79
D)130/79

Question 20

What are the symptoms of hypertension?

A)evening headaches
B)morning dry mouth
C)bulging veins in the neck
D)There are no symptoms.

Question 21

Which statement is true about triglycerides?

A)Elevated levels link to low blood glucose levels.
B)Their normal level in the blood is 400 mg/dl.
C)They help to protect against heart disease.
D)They can be reduced with physical activity and weight loss.

Question 22

Which statement regarding homocysteine is true?

A)It is a type of cholesterol.
B)Levels are higher in women than in men.
C)It helps repair the linings of arteries.
D)It may damage the lining of blood vessels.

Question 23

Which device measures the electrical activity of the heart and detects the presence of heart disease?

A)electrocardiograms
B)magnetic resonance imaging
C)echocardiograms
D)bioelectrical impedance analysis

Question 24

Which risk factor signals a potential for CVD?

A)high HDL
B)inflamed ankles
C)insulin resistance
D)low triglycerides

Question 25

At what age does the incidence of stroke more than double for each successive decade of life?

A)45
B)55
C)65
D)75

Question 26

What is the recommended level of triglycerides for adults?

A)less than 150 mg/dl
B)150-199 mg/dl
C)200-499 mg/dl or more
D)500 mg/dl or more

Question 27

Which statement about gender and CVD is true?

A)In the United States,CVD is the leading killer of men but not of women.
B)Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection against CVD.
C)Before age 55,the incidence of hypertension is higher in women than in men.
D)Women are more likely than men to have classic heart attack symptoms like chest pain.

Question 28

Which symptom is a warning sign of a heart attack?

A)headache
B)blurred sight
C)sudden confusion
D)nausea or vomiting

Question 29

From where does the heart muscle receive its blood supply?

A)vena cava
B)left ventricle
C)pulmonary veins
D)coronary arteries

Question 30

Which term refers to atherosclerosis in an artery supplying blood to the heart?

A)coronary heart disease
B)arrhythmia
C)coronary thrombosis
D)coronary embolism

Question 31

Which is a treatment for heart disease?

A)angina pectoris
B)balloon angioplasty
C)electrocardiogram
D)angiogram

Question 32

What is the most common symptom associated with angina pectoris?

A)nausea
B)shortness of breath
C)irregular heartbeat
D)tightness in the chest

Question 33

What is the cause of most sudden cardiac deaths?

A)low blood pressure
B)blocked cerebral arteries
C)arrhythmia
D)coronary thrombosis

Question 34

What occurs when a coronary artery is completely blocked?

A)a heart attack
B)angina
C)arrhythmia
D)an obstructive embolism

Question 35

Which psychological trait is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk?

A)anger
B)ambition
C)aggressiveness
D)submissiveness

Question 36

What is an arrhythmia?

A)an irregular heartbeat
B)a ruptured blood vessel
C)a blood clot found near the heart
D)another name for high blood pressure

Question 37

Which problem does blockage of blood supply to the brain cause?

A)a heart attack
B)angina pectoris
C)high blood pressure
D)a stroke

Question 38

Which defines atherosclerosis?

A)sustained abnormally high blood pressure
B)the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force
C)thickening of artery walls by deposit of fatty substances
D)severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart

Question 39

What causes the body to release C-reactive protein into the bloodstream?

A)free radicals
B)antioxidants
C)inflammation
D)phytochemicals

Question 40

What type of stroke does a ruptured blood vessel cause?

A)hemorrhagic stroke
B)myocardial infarction
C)ischemic stroke
D)pulmonary edema

Question 41

People with hypertension should aim to consume no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day.

Question 42

What percentage of saturated fat calories does the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)recommend for most people?

A)7% of total calories
B)11% of total calories
C)16% of total calories
D)26% of total calories

Question 43

The major risk factors for cardiovascular disease that can be changed are tobacco use,high blood pressure,obesity,unhealthy cholesterol levels,diabetes,and physical inactivity.

Question 44

High blood pressure has obvious early warning signs.

Question 45

Effective ways to handle stress and anger do NOT include

A)developing a plan to manage the key stressors in your life.
B)handling your anger by holding it in.
C)committing to meditating daily.
D)shoring up your social support network.

Question 46

Which food is a good source of dietary fiber?

A)meats
B)fish
C)eggs
D)legumes

Question 47

Cigarette smoke causes the blood to be thinner and clot more slowly.

Question 48

What is the number-one risk factor for heart disease that people can control?

A)smoking
B)inactivity
C)elevated cholesterol
D)high blood pressure

Question 49

How often should people who do not have CVD risk factors have their blood pressure measured?

A)once a month
B)once a year
C)once every 2 years
D)once every 5 years

Question 50

For heart health,what should make up the majority of fat in the diet?

A)saturated fats
B)trans fats
C)hydrogenated fats
D)unsaturated fats

Question 51

HDLs shuttle cholesterol from the liver to the organs and tissues that require it.

Question 52

At what age should cholesterol testing begin?

A)20
B)35
C)50
D)65

Question 53

Cigarette smoke reduces the amount of oxygen available to the body.

Question 54

LDL cholesterol is the less healthy form of cholesterol.

Question 55

Long-term exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has been shown to increase a person's risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 56

What is the definition of congestive heart failure?

A)sustained abnormally high blood pressure
B)thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances
C)a condition resulting from the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force
D)severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart

Question 57

A blood pressure of 125/84 is classified as healthy.

Question 58

What dietary change could help prevent cardiovascular disease?

A)increasing the intake of foods high in soluble fiber
B)increasing the intake of foods high in saturated fat
C)increasing the intake of foods high in coconut oil
D)increasing the intake of foods high in simple sugars

Question 59

Smoking raises levels of HDL cholesterol in the blood.

Question 60

What limit on total dietary fat intake does the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)recommend?

A)10-15% of total calories
B)25-35% of total calories
C)45-55% of total calories
D)75-85% of total calories

Question 61

CVD risk increases as a person's HDL level increases.

Question 62

People with prediabetes are at increased risk for experiencing CVD.

Question 63

Exercise is one way of controlling high blood pressure.

Question 64

List six primary controllable risk factors for CVD.For each,list one lifestyle strategy for reducing the associated risk.

Question 65

Choose one of the CVD risk factors and briefly explain the mechanism by which it increases CVD risk.

Question 66

Most heart attacks begin with sudden and intense symptoms.

Question 67

Strokes may be caused either by a blood clot or by a ruptured blood vessel.

Question 68

The effects of hostility on CVD risk are not apparent until people are over age 50.

Question 69

Fat that collects in the abdomen is associated with a lower CVD risk than fat that collects around the hips.

Question 70

The number-one risk factor for cardiovascular disease that people can control is smoking.

Question 71

A diet high in fiber can help reduce the risk of heart attack by 40-50%.

Question 72

Describe the major forms of blood fats-cholesterol,low-density lipoproteins,high-density lipoproteins,triglycerides.Discuss their role in the body,and give a healthy value for each.

Question 73

When women have heart attacks,they are more likely than men to die within a year.

Question 74

Physical activity has direct and indirect benefits for cardiovascular health.

Question 75

Beginning at age 40,adults should get lipoprotein testing every five years.

Question 76

Chewing and swallowing one adult aspirin tablet is recommended for victims of heart attack.

Question 77

Homocysteine levels in the blood can be reduced by eating more fruits and vegetables.

Question 78

Hormone replacement therapy is recommended for menopausal women to reduce their risk for CVD.

Question 79

CVD is the leading killer of both men and women in the United States.

Question 80

Exercise can help reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease by decreasing blood pressure and increasing HDL levels.