Deck 1: Introduction to Psychology

Question 1

Developmental psychology studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Descriptive research is designed to systematically investigate a person,group,or patterns of behavior.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Procedures that subject animals to distress are never permitted in research.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The only way psychologists can establish cause-and-effect relationships through research is by carrying out an experiment.

Question 5

Cognitive psychology is one of the branches of experimental psychology that has become an entire field in its own right.

Question 6

"Mental processes" not only covers people's actions but also their thoughts,emotions,perceptions,reasoning processes,memories,and even the biological activities that maintain bodily functioning.

Question 7

Psychology is the study of the human mind.

Question 8

People typically develop their own hypotheses about what the experimenter hopes to learn from a study.

Question 9

Seven thousand years ago,people assumed that psychological problems were caused by evil spirits.

Question 10

Trephining is a procedure that ancient healers used to allow spirits to escape from the body.

Question 11

Mental processes are

A)how your brain works.
B)the firing of the synapses in your brain.
C)thoughts,emotions,perceptions,reasoning processes,memories,and biological activities that maintain bodily functioning.
D)skills,levels,and functioning of your brain.

Question 12

Psychology can be defined as the

A)scientific study of the mind.
B)scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
C)scientific study of mental illnesses.
D)way to describe events and circumstances.

Question 13

In naturalistic observation,the investigator observes people in a laboratory setting to see their reactions.

Question 14

Experimental bias includes factors that distort the way the independent variable affects the dependent variable in an experiment.

Question 15

Psychologists and psychiatrists both have doctoral degrees and conduct therapy.

Question 16

Psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes.

Question 17

A baby producing her first smile,taking her first step,and saying her first word are all universal milestones that are unique for each person.

Question 18

Cognitive psychology focuses on how behaviors affect our lives.

Question 19

Lab rats are used in experiments because they are an exact genetic match with humans.

Question 20

Phrenology is practiced today as a means to assess intelligence.

Question 21

Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses on how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death?

A)Cognitive Psychology
B)Developmental Psychology
C)Experimental Psychology
D)Counseling Psychology

Question 22

The formal beginning of psychology began in Germany and the United States by which two men?

A)Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung
B)William James and Wilhelm Wundt
C)Sigmund Freud and William James
D)Carl Jung and Wilhelm Wundt

Question 23

Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language?

A)Cognitive Psychology
B)Counseling Psychology
C)Clinical Psychology
D)Experimental Psychology

Question 24

The goal of psychologists is to

A)describe human behavior and mental processes.
B)predict human behavior and mental processes.
C)explain human behavior and mental processes.
D)improve human behavior and mental processes.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 25

Which of the following subfields in psychology studies how people's thoughts,feelings,and actions are affected by others?

A)Cognitive Psychology
B)Forensic Psychology
C)Social Psychology
D)Clinical Psychology

Question 26

Which approach focused on what the mind does and how behavior functions?

A)Structuralism
B)Functionalism
C)Introspection
D)Introversion

Question 27

If you were to participate in an experiment that asked you to read words written on a card and then explain how you feel,what procedure would that be called?

A)Structuralism
B)Functionalism
C)Introspection
D)Introversion

Question 28

Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another?

A)Cognitive Psychology
B)Experimental Psychology
C)Developmental Psychology
D)Personality Psychology

Question 29

Which of the following subfields in psychology applies psychology to the criminal justice system and legal issues?

A)Cognitive Psychology
B)Forensic Psychology
C)Counseling Psychology
D)Clinical Psychology

Question 30

Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems?

A)Cognitive Psychology
B)Clinical Psychology
C)Experimental Psychology
D)Counseling Psychology

Question 31

Where are doctoral-level psychologists employed?

A)Universities and Colleges
B)Private Practices
C)Hospitals
D)Counseling Centers
E)All of these are correct.

Question 32

Exploring the fundamental mental components of perception,consciousness,thinking,emotions,and other kinds of mental states and activities defines which theory?

A)Structuralism
B)Psychodynamics
C)Functionalism
D)Introspection

Question 33

Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses on the processes of sensing,perceiving,learning,and thinking about the world?

A)Behavioral Neuroscience
B)Clinical Psychology
C)Counseling Psychology
D)Experimental Psychology

Question 34

Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses on how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior?

A)Behavioral Neuroscience
B)Experimental Psychology
C)Clinical Psychology
D)Counseling Psychology

Question 35

Which of the following subfields in psychology considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors?

A)Diversity Psychology
B)Cross-Cultural Psychology
C)Evolutionary Psychology
D)Cognitive Psychology

Question 36

Trephining is the term used to explain how,seven thousand years ago,

A)bumps on a person's skull explained their personality.
B)intelligence was transmitted through the brain.
C)animal spirits were able to inhabit a person's body.
D)ancient healers chipped a hole in a patient's skull to allow the evil spirits to be releaseD.

Question 37

Health psychology focuses on

A)how people grow and change throughout their lives
B)how long-term stress can affect physical health
C)how people perceive,sense,and learn
D)how people develop their unique personalities over time

Question 38

Which of the following subfields in psychology investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups?

A)Cross-Cultural Psychology
B)Diversity Psychology
C)Cognitive Psychology
D)Forensic Psychology

Question 39

The field of psychology is

A)a limited area of study that becomes narrower each year.
B)a broad field of study that encompasses many different subfields.
C)static and unchanging.
D)only focused on the mentally ill.

Question 40

Which of the following subfields in psychology deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders?

A)Cognitive Psychology
B)Clinical Psychology
C)Experimental Psychology
D)Counseling Psychology

Question 41

An experiment is the only way that psychologists can establish what kind of relationships through research?

A)Negative relationships
B)Cause-and-effect relationships
C)Positive relationships
D)Correlational relationships

Question 42

Which perspective suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow,develop,and be in control of their lives and behaviors?

A)Psychodynamic
B)Humanistic
C)Cognitive
D)Behavioral

Question 43

__________ is the subfield of psychology that mainly examines how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior.

Question 44

What does determinism focus on?

A)The coaxing of one person to another
B)Choices made freely by an individual
C)Factors beyond your control
D)Choices made that have no bearing on your future behavior

Question 45

A researcher is conducting an experiment about helping behavior and when the subject comes into the room and offers a less than desirable response he shakes his head no.The subject then changes her response and the researcher shakes his head yes.The researcher is exhibiting which phenomenon?

A)Control issues
B)Experimenter bias
C)Exclusionary bias
D)Control bias

Question 46

If we predict that the more years of education that employees have,the higher their income will be,we are expecting to find a

A)positive correlation
B)negative correlation
C)hypothesis
D)variable

Question 47

__________ is a subspecialty of experimental psychology that has become a specialty in its own right and it focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language.

Question 48

Gestalt psychology emphasizes how perception is organized.It focuses on

A)the whole as opposed to the sum of its parts.
B)the minutia that make up a human being.
C)the detail that goes into cognitions.
D)the likelihood that actions will result in behavior.

Question 49

Which perspective argues that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control?

A)Neuroscience
B)Psychodynamic
C)Cognitive
D)Behavioral

Question 50

What is free will?

A)A psychological concept involving coaxing of one person to another
B)Choices made freely by an individual
C)Factors beyond your control
D)Choices made that have no bearing on your future behavior

Question 51

The approach used by psychologists and other scientists to systematically acquire knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest is called

A)the psychological method
B)the scientific method
C)the factual method
D)the biological method

Question 52

The five basic perspectives that comprise psychological theory are

A)Neuroscience,Psychodynamic,Behavioral,Cognitive,and Humanistic
B)Experimental,Gestalt,Introspection,Structuralism,and Functionalism
C)Psychoanalysis,Gestalt,Behavioral,Cognitive,and Functionalism
D)Humanistic,Existential,Cognitive,Behavioral,and Introspection

Question 53

Which perspective focuses on how people think,understand,and know about the world?

A)Neuroscience
B)Psychodynamic
C)Cognitive
D)Behavioral

Question 54

Descriptive research is an approach designed to systematically investigate a person,group,or patterns of behavior.Its methods include

A)archival research.
B)naturalistic observation.
C)survey research.
D)case studies.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 55

Which of the following is not true regarding ethics in research?

A)Participants have privacy protection regarding their behavior
B)Participation must be completely voluntary
C)Informed consent must be granted before an experiment takes place
D)Participants may be harmed in the course of an experiment

Question 56

The translation of a hypothesis into specific,testable procedures that can be measured and observed is called

A)an operational definition
B)the scientific method
C)the biological method
D)the factual method

Question 57

________ is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of sensing,perceiving,learning,and thinking about the world.

Question 58

Which perspective suggests that the field should focus on observable behavior that can be measured objectively?

A)Neuroscience
B)Psychodynamic
C)Cognitive
D)Behavioral

Question 59

_________ is the branch of psychology that studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.

Question 60

A procedure in which all the participants receive a treatment,but those in the control group only receive a false treatment,is called

A)a placebo
B)a lie
C)a psychological anomaly
D)a drug treatment

Question 61

_____________ focuses on educational,social,and career adjustment problems.

Question 62

__________ focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors such as the structure and chemistry of the brain.

Question 63

____________ deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders.

Question 64

The change that the researcher deliberately makes in an experiment is called the experimental ________.

Question 65

__________ investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups.

Question 66

The ____________ perspective considers how people and nonhumans function biologically: how individual nerve cells are joined together,how the inheritance of certain characteristics from parents and other ancestors influence behavior,how the functioning of the body affects hopes and fears,and which behaviors are instinctual.

Question 67

____________ explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease.

Question 68

Behavior that is produced by forces of which we are not fully aware is known as ________ behavior.

Question 69

A(n)______________ is a prediction stated in a way that allows a theory to be tested (an educated guess about the outcome).

Question 70

___________ applies psychology to the criminal justice system and legal issues.

Question 71

__________ considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

Question 72

__________ is the branch of psychology that focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.

Question 73

____________ are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest.

Question 74

Nature and nurture have been proven to contribute to behavior.________ is also known as environment.

Question 75

____________ seeks to understand how we might inherit certain behavioral traits and how the environment influences whether we actually display such traits.

Question 76

Nature and nurture have been proven to contribute to behavior._______ is also known as heredity.

Question 77

Behavior that is produced by forces of which we are fully aware is known as ________ behavior.

Question 78

In a ______ experiment,the researcher investigates the relationship between two (or more)variables by deliberately changing one variable in a controlled situation and observing the effects of that change on other aspects of the situation.

Question 79

_________ are behaviors,events,or other characteristics that can change or vary in some way.

Question 80

___________ is the study of how people's thoughts,feelings,and actions are affected by others.