Deck 8: Development

Question 1

High-quality daycare provides little or no gain,and may even hinder the social development of children.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Identical twins are genetically identical.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to Lev Vygotsky,a developmental psychologist,we cannot understand cognitive development without taking into account the social aspects of learning.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In a theory developed by Freud,people pass through a series of stages in the evolution of their sense of justice and in the kind of reasoning they use to make moral judgments.

Question 5

A neonate is a perfectly formed fetus before it is born.

Question 6

Human attachment grows through the responsiveness of infants' caregivers to the signals the babies provide,such as crying,smiling,reaching,and clinging.

Question 7

According to the information processing theory,speed of processing increases with age,as some abilities become more automatic.

Question 8

Each chromosome contains thousands of genes,by which genetic information is transmitted.

Question 9

In the nature via nurture issue,nature refers to environment.

Question 10

The interactionist approach to the nature-nurture issues states that it is a combination of both environment and heredity that influence development.

Question 11

We have 46 pairs of chromosomes that come from our mother;they contain all basic heredity information.

Question 12

Neonates can discriminate facial expressions and can even imitate them.

Question 13

Adolescence is the developmental stage between infancy and early childhood.

Question 14

Developmental psychology encompasses the growth and changes from birth through puberty.

Question 15

Jean Piaget was not a stage theorist like Freud and Erikson and Kohlberg.

Question 16

Infants lose the primitive reflexes that they are born with after the first few months of life,replacing them with more complex and organized behaviors.

Question 17

Children cannot form multiple attachments simultaneously.

Question 18

Puberty is the period during which maturation of the sexual organs occurs.

Question 19

In the nature via nurture issue,nurture refers to heredity.

Question 20

Mothers often play verbal games with their children,whereas fathers often play roughly with their children.

Question 21

In the nature via nurture issue,nurture refers to _________________.

A)environment
B)heredity
C)pollination
D)conception

Question 22

For most people,early adulthood marks the peak of physical health.

Question 23

Research that takes a number of different age groups and examines them at several points in time is known as _____________ research.

A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)sequential
D)bilateral

Question 24

The midlife crisis always occurs for people who are unhappy with their lives and are looking for change.

Question 25

When an egg becomes fertilized by sperm,the resulting one-celled entity is called a(n)___________.

A)zygote
B)fetus
C)gene
D)embryo

Question 26

Research that traces the behavior of one or more participants as the participants age is known as ___________ research.

A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)sequential
D)bilateral

Question 27

Gerontologists study discrimination.

Question 28

According to Kohlberg people pass through a series of stages in the evolution of their sense of justice and in the kind of reasoning they use to make moral judgments.

Question 29

Male adolescents are five times more likely to commit suicide than are females,although females attempt suicide more often than males do.

Question 30

In the nature via nurture issue,nature refers to ___________________.

A)environment
B)heredity
C)pollination
D)conception

Question 31

Psychologists generally agree that early adulthood begins around age 20 and lasts until about age 40-45,with middle adulthood beginning then and continuing until around age 65.

Question 32

The _______________ approach to the nature-nurture issues states that it is a combination of both environment and heredity that influence development.

A)developmental
B)structured
C)biological
D)interactionist

Question 33

The average age at which marriage takes place is higher than at any time since the turn of the last century.

Question 34

There is no scientific proof that the midlife crisis is real.

Question 35

Research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time is known as ____________ research.

A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)sequential
D)bilateral

Question 36

Two weeks after conception,the developing individual has a heart,a brain,and other organs and it is now called a(n)______________.

A)zygote
B)fetus
C)gene
D)embryo

Question 37

Even though divorce rates have been declining since they peaked in 1981,about half of all first marriages end in divorce.

Question 38

People try to discover who they are,what their strengths are,and what kinds of roles they are best suited to play for the rest of their lives through their concept of identity.

Question 39

Regardless of whether people become disengaged or maintain their activities from earlier stages of life,most are involved in a process of life review,in which they examine and evaluate their lives.

Question 40

Largely because of the various cognitive limitations that Piaget described,preadolescent children tend to think in terms of concrete,unvarying rules.

Question 41

____________ intelligence,which is based on the accumulation of information,skills,and strategies learned through experience,remains steady and in some cases actually improves.

A)Crystallized
B)Fluid
C)Deep
D)Conscious

Question 42

An awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes,involving the planning,monitoring,and revising of these cognitive processes,is known as _____________.

A)metacognition
B)insight
C)intellect
D)forethought

Question 43

If a child cannot produce an enzyme that is required for normal development,resulting in an accumulation of poisons that eventually cause profound intellectual disabilities,the child has a disease known as __________________.

A)Sickle-cell anemia
B)Down syndrome
C)Phenylketonuria
D)teratogens

Question 44

Jean Piaget's four stages of development,in the correct order,are:

A)sensorimotor,preoperational,concrete operational,and formal operational
B)preoperational,concrete operational,formal operational,and sensorimotor
C)concrete operational,formal operational,sensorimotor,and preoperational
D)formal operational,concrete operational,sensorimotor,and preoperational

Question 45

A developing individual,from eight weeks after conception until birth,is called a(n)___________.

A)zygote
B)fetus
C)gene
D)embryo

Question 46

Rigid and punitive,____________ parents value unquestioning obedience from their children.

A)authoritarian
B)permissive
C)authoritative
D)uninvolved

Question 47

______________ development is the process by which a child's understanding of the world changes as a function of age and experience.

A)Intellectual
B)Cognitive
C)Mental
D)Perceptual

Question 48

_____________ parents are firm,setting limits for their children.As the children get older,these parents try to reason and explain things to them.

A)Authoritarian
B)Permissive
C)Authoritative
D)Uninvolved

Question 49

Lev Vygotsky created the concept of the ____________________.This is the level at which a child can almost,but not fully,comprehend or perform a task on his or her own.

A)zone of trust
B)zone of proximal development
C)zone of interdependent development
D)zone of interpersonal development

Question 50

_______________ processing is the way in which people take in,use,and store information.

A)Data
B)Information
C)Computer
D)Mental

Question 51

The psychosocial stages of development were created by _____________,and included a comprehensive description of the stages of development from birth through death.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Diana Baumrind
C)Henry Harlow
D)Erik Erikson

Question 52

______________ parents give their children relaxed or inconsistent direction,and,although warm,require little of them.

A)Authoritarian
B)Permissive
C)Authoritative
D)Uninvolved

Question 53

Unlearned,involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli are known as ______________.

A)teratogens
B)reflexes
C)muscle reactivity
D)behavior

Question 54

Melissa is entering kindergarten,so her mother takes her to her first day of school.Melissa starts crying when her mother leaves and chases after her.Melissa does not want her mother to leave.Melissa wants to stay with her mother because of the concept of ____________.

A)attachment
B)bonding
C)learning
D)cognitions

Question 55

Environmental agents such as a drug,chemical,virus or other factor that produce a birth defect are known as ________________.

A)Sickle-cell anemia
B)Down syndrome
C)Phenylketonuria
D)teratogens

Question 56

A disease,which gets its name from the abnormally shaped red blood cells it causes,and which creates episodes of pain,yellowish eyes,stunted growth,and vision problems,is known as ____________.

A)Sickle-cell anemia
B)Down syndrome
C)Phenylketonuria
D)teratogens

Question 57

Children are born with a particular _____________,a basic,innate disposition.Some children are easygoing,while others are irritable or quiet.

A)mood
B)temperament
C)style
D)inner interest

Question 58

When the zygote receives an extra chromosome at the moment of conception,the child will be born with ________________.

A)Sickle-cell anemia
B)Down syndrome
C)Phenylketonuria
D)teratogens

Question 59

___________intelligence,which involves information-processing skills such as memory,calculations,and analogy solving,declines in late adulthood.

A)Crystallized
B)Fluid
C)Deep
D)Conscious

Question 60

____________ parents show little interest in their children and are emotionally detached.They view parenting as nothing more than providing food,clothing,and shelter for children.

A)Authoritarian
B)Permissive
C)Authoritative
D)Uninvolved

Question 61

A way of thinking in which a person views the world entirely from his or her own perspective is called ______________ thinking.

A)egocentric
B)narcissistic
C)independent
D)dependent

Question 62

Theories that suggest that human cells have a built-in time limit to their reproduction,and that after a certain time they are no longer able to divide,are called the ______________ theories of aging.

A)genetic preprogramming
B)wear-and-tear
C)old school
D)moralistic

Question 63

_____________ disease is a progressive brain disorder that leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in cognitive abilities.

A)Alzheimer's
B)Parkinson's
C)Hodgkin's
D)Diabetes

Question 64

The __________ theory of aging suggests that the elderly who are most successful while aging are those who maintain the interests and activities they had during middle age.

A)disengagement
B)activity
C)anti-work
D)removal

Question 65

The psychological stages of development were created by ____________,and included a very comprehensive description of the stages of development from birth through death.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Carl Rogers
C)Noam Chomsky
D)Erik Erikson

Question 66

Research that traces the behavior of one or more participants as the participants age is known as ___________ research.

Question 67

Jean Piaget's four stages of development,in the correct order,are ___________,___________,__________,and _____________.

A)formal operational,concrete operational,preoperational,and sensorimotor
B)formal operational,preoperational,concrete operational,and sensorimotor
C)sensorimotor,concrete operational,preoperational,and formal operational
D)sensorimotor,preoperational,concrete operational,and formal operational

Question 68

The period during which women stop menstruating and are no longer fertile is known as _______________.

A)menopause
B)midlife
C)menarche
D)atrophy

Question 69

The knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects is called the ______________.

A)concrete stage
B)principle of conservation
C)preoperational stage
D)formal operational stage

Question 70

In the nature via nurture issue,nurture refers to _________________.

Question 71

Theories that suggest that the mechanical functions of the body simply stop working efficiently are called the _____________ theories of aging.

A)genetic preprogramming
B)wear-and-tear
C)old school
D)moralistic

Question 72

The ___________ approach to the nature-nurture issues states that it is a combination of both environment and heredity that influence development.

Question 73

The process by which people examine and evaluate their lives is called _________.

A)assessment
B)life review
C)insight
D)aging

Question 74

According to the ______ theory of aging,people who age most successfully are those who maintain the interests,activities,and level of social interaction they experienced during middle adulthood.

A)disengagement
B)disagreement
C)anti-aging
D)activity

Question 75

The __________ theory of aging suggests that aging produces a gradual withdrawal from the world on physical,psychological,and social levels.

A)disengagement
B)activity
C)anti-work
D)removal

Question 76

In the nature via nurture issue,nature refers to _____________.

Question 77

If you are playing with a child and you drop a toy out of their sight,but they do not attempt to look for it,then they have not likely developed a sense of ______________.

A)distraction
B)object permanence
C)right and wrong
D)cognition

Question 78

In the ____________ theory of aging,aging produces a gradual withdrawal from the world on physical,psychological,and social levels.

A)disengagement
B)disagreement
C)anti-aging
D)activity

Question 79

Kohlberg suggests that the changes in moral reasoning can be understood best as a _______ level sequence.

A)two
B)one
C)three
D)four

Question 80

Research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time is known as ____________ research.