Deck 2: Neuroscience and Behavior Concepts

Question 1

A resting state has a negative charge of about 200 millivolts.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Excitatory messages provide chemical information that prevents or decreases the likelihood that the receiving neuron will fire.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A portion of the brain known as the central core is quite similar in all vertebrates.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Neurons have a cell body and a nucleus as well as dendrites and axons.

Question 5

The basic elements of the nervous system are known as ____________.

A)axons
B)neurons.
C)dendrites
D)stimuli

Question 6

Neurons fire,transmit an electrical impulse along the axon,or don't fire.

Question 7

The autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system can be broken down into three smaller divisions called the sympathetic,the parasympathetic,and the neural.

Question 8

The cortex has three major sections called lobes.

Question 9

Terminal buttons are chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to a dendrite of a receiving neuron.

Question 10

The central core is sometimes referred to as the "old brain" because its evolution can be traced back some 500 million years to primitive structures found in nonhuman species.

Question 11

Drugs that trigger the development of new neurons might be used to counter diseases like Alzheimer's that are produced when neurons die.

Question 12

Duplicate neurons fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior,but also when a person observes another individual carrying out the same behavior.

Question 13

The cerebral cortex is responsible for our ability to think,evaluate,and make complex judgments.

Question 14

There are two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 15

Each kind of neurotransmitter is exactly the same as the others.

Question 16

The brain controls our behavior during every waking and sleeping moment.

Question 17

Inhibitory messages make it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential will travel down its axon.

Question 18

Excitatory messages make it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential will travel down its axon.

Question 19

The pituitary gland is known as the master gland because it controls the functioning of the rest of the endocrine system.

Question 20

Inhibitory messages provide chemical information that prevents or decreases the likelihood that the receiving neuron will fire.

Question 21

If someone has Parkinson's disease,then they have a deficiency of which neurotransmitter?

A)Dopamine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Norepinephrine
D)Epinephrine

Question 22

The ____________ law states that neurons are either on or off,with nothing in between the on state and the off state.

A)all-or-none
B)dendrite
C)neuron
D)terminal button

Question 23

A ________ is the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages.

A)bridge
B)mirror
C)synapse
D)transmitter

Question 24

If you touch a hot stove and you remove your hand right away,you are employing a(n)________.

A)somatic response
B)reflex
C)motor
D)autonomic response

Question 25

A resting state is ______________.

A)when you are too tired to function properly
B)before a neuron is triggered
C)before an axon is triggered
D)before a dendrite is triggered

Question 26

___________ is a neurotransmitter that is involved in movement,attention,and learning.

A)Dopamine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Norepinephrine
D)Epinephrine

Question 27

Axons end in small bulges called ___________________,which send messages to other neurons.

A)terminal buttons
B)dendrites
C)neurons
D)stimuli

Question 28

___________ carry messages received by the dendrites to other neurons.

A)Neurons
B)Axons
C)Dendrites
D)Terminal buttons

Question 29

Dendrites receive messages from other _____________.

A)neurons
B)axons
C)dendrites
D)terminal buttons

Question 30

_________ messages make it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential will travel down its axon.

A)Excitatory
B)Inhibitory
C)Neural
D)Synaptic

Question 31

One of the most common neurotransmitters is __________,which is found throughout the nervous system and is involved in our every move.

A)dopamine
B)acetylcholine
C)norepinephrine
D)epinephrine

Question 32

Neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior,but also when a person observes another individual carrying out the same behavior,are known as ___________.

A)observable neurons.
B)mirror neurons.
C)duplicate neurons.
D)reflective neurons.

Question 33

The _____________ moves from one end of the axon to the other like a flame moving along a fuse.

A)dendrite
B)neuron
C)action potential
D)terminal button

Question 34

A resting state has a __________ charge of about -70 millivolts.

A)positive
B)neutral
C)negative
D)non-existent

Question 35

Neurotransmitters are either deactivated by enzymes or reabsorbed by the terminal button.This is an example of chemical recycling,called _____________.

A)washing
B)reuptake
C)cleaning
D)synaptic cleansing

Question 36

It has been hypothesized that ________________ of dopamine produces negative consequences in a person like schizophrenia.

A)underproduction
B)overproduction
C)270 millivolts
D)200 millivolts

Question 37

__________ messages provide chemical information that prevents or decreases the likelihood that the receiving neuron will fire.

A)Excitatory
B)Inhibitory
C)Neural
D)Synaptic

Question 38

______________ are chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to a dendrite of a receiving neuron.

A)Substantia nigra
B)Terminal buttons
C)Neurotransmitters
D)Axons

Question 39

If someone has a deficiency or an excess of a ______________,it can produce severe behavior disorders.

A)dendrite
B)basal ganglia
C)neurotransmitter
D)substantia nigra

Question 40

The myelin sheath is _______________________________.

A)a protective coating of fat and protein that wraps around the axon.
B)an electrical impulse that moves neurons.
C)a message that travels through neurons to the dendrites.
D)a part of the neuron that is destined for other neurons.

Question 41

Which of the following is a modern brain-scanning technique?

A)Electroencephalogram (EEG)
B)Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
C)Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
D)Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Imaging (TMS)
E)All of these are correct.

Question 42

A procedure in which a person learns to control through conscious thought internal physiological processes such as blood pressure,heart and respiration rate,skin temperature,sweating,and the constriction of particular muscles is called ___________.

A)relaxation
B)biofeedback
C)lateralization
D)stress reduction

Question 43

There are two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system.They are the __________ and the _______________.

A)somatic division;autonomic division
B)brain;spinal cord
C)arms;legs
D)eyes;ears

Question 44

A _________ is an automatic,involuntary response to an incoming stimulus.

A)somatic response
B)reflex
C)motor
D)autonomic response

Question 45

When you jerk your hand away from a hot stove,you are activating your ________ system.

A)endocrine
B)nervous
C)limbic
D)stimulus

Question 46

The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the _________ and the ____________.

A)central nervous system;peripheral nervous system
B)main nervous system;central nervous system
C)peripheral nervous system;main nervous system
D)main nervous system;secondary nervous system

Question 47

One of the most common neurotransmitters is __________,which is found throughout the nervous system and is involved in our every move.

A)acetylcholine
B)dicetylcholine
C)tricetylchoine
D)choline

Question 48

The region of the central cortex known as the ______________ is/are generally considered to be the site of higher mental processes such as thinking,language,memory,and speech.

A)association areas
B)hindbrain
C)spinal cord
D)sensory areas

Question 49

The __________ secretes chemical messages that circulate through the blood,and also communicates messages that influence behavior and many aspects of biological functioning.

A)endocrine system
B)neurotransmitter
C)limbic system
D)spinal cord

Question 50

The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the __________ and the ___________.

A)central nervous system;peripheral nervous system
B)spinal cord;brain
C)limbic system;central nervous system
D)peripheral nervous system;limbic system

Question 51

The ___________ is the primary means for transmitting messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

A)spinal cord
B)central nervous system
C)peripheral nervous system
D)endocrine system

Question 52

The average brain weighs ________ pound(s).

A)10
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 53

__________ are chemicals that circulate through the blood and regulate the functioning or growth of the body.

A)Glands
B)Neurotransmitters
C)Hormones
D)Dopamine

Question 54

Behavioral genetics studies the effects of __________ on behavior.

A)genes
B)heredity
C)DNA
D)RNA

Question 55

The average brain weighs __________ pound(s).

A)three
B)six
C)one
D)five

Question 56

__________ is involved in memory capabilities;diminished production of this neurotransmitter may be related to Alzheimer's disease.

A)Acetylcholine
B)Dicetylcholine
C)Tricetylcholine
D)Choline

Question 57

___________ is involved in memory capabilities.Diminished production of this neurotransmitter may be related to Alzheimer's disease.

A)Dopamine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Norepinephrine
D)Epinephrine

Question 58

The autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)can be broken down into two smaller divisions,called

A)sympathetic and parasympathetic
B)brain and spinal cord
C)somatic and autonomic
D)fight-or-flight

Question 59

Certain behaviors are more likely to reflect activity in one hemisphere than in the other.This is called _______________.

A)splitting
B)trephining
C)supposition
D)lateralization

Question 60

The _____________ branches out from the spinal cord and brain and reaches the extremities of the body.

A)central nervous system
B)peripheral nervous system
C)limbic system
D)reflex system

Question 61

___________ is a neurotransmitter that is involved in movement,attention,and learning.

Question 62

Behavioral genetics studies the effects of __________ on behavior.

Question 63

It has been hypothesized that overproduction of _____________ produces negative consequences in a person like schizophrenia.

Question 64

Behavioral ____________are ps ychologists who specialize in considering the ways in which biological structures and functions of the brain affect behavior.

Question 65

__________messages provide chemical information that prevents or decreases the likelihood that the receiving neuron will fire.

Question 66

__________ are chemicals that circulate through the blood and regulate the functioning or growth of the body.

Question 67

Neurotransmitters are either deactivated by enzymes or reabsorbed by the terminal button,in an example of chemical recycling called _____________.

Question 68

It has been hypothesized that ________________ of dopamine produces negative consequences in a person,such as schizophrenia.

Question 69

Neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior,but also when a person observes another individual carrying out the same behavior,are known as ___________.

Question 70

If someone has a deficiency or an excess of a ______________,it can produce severe behavior disorders.

Question 71

A resting state has a __________charge of about -70 millivolts.

Question 72

The brain continually reorganizes itself in a process termed _______________.

Question 73

The __________ secretes chemical messages that circulate through the blood,and also communicates messages that influence behavior and many aspects of biological functioning.

Question 74

The _____________ branches out from the spinal cord and brain and reaches the extremities of the body.

Question 75

The brain is divided into two equal _____________ that control motion and receive sensation from the side of the body opposite their location.

Question 76

______________ are chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to a dendrite of a receiving neuron.

Question 77

The ___________ is the primary means for transmitting messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 78

The _____________ moves from one end of the axon to the other like a flame moving along a fuse.

Question 79

A ________ is the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages.

Question 80

_________ messages make it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential will travel down its axon.