Deck 20: Mineral and Energy Resources

Question 1

Vein- or fissure-filling deposits of native gold and silver, or copper and zinc sulphides, would be more common in ________.

A)hydrothermally fractured rocks in the contact-metamorphic zone formed above a shallow felsic pluton like the setting at Yellowstone
B)rocks formed deep in a layered magma chamber like the Bird River Sill in Manitoba
C)in faults, impactites, and shattered rock of a meteorite impact zone like Sudbury
D)in limestone dissolution and collapse breccias such as occur at Pine Point, NWT

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is not a hydrothermal ore deposit associated with sediments?

A)FEDEX
B)SEDEX
C)stratiform
D)MVT

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Canadian mining and associated industries contribute over ________ dollars per capita to the Canadian economy.

A)1060
B)100
C)50
D)10

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is not a hydrothermal ore deposit?

A)vein
B)disseminated
C)VMS
D)ABC

Question 5

Resources include ________ that are already identified deposits from which valuable materials can be extracted profitably.

A)commodities
B)securities
C)reserves
D)packages

Question 6

Which of the following is not a mine site for metallic mineral deposits?

A)Athabasca, Alberta
B)Endako, British Columbia
C)Flin Flon, Saskatchewan
D)Buchans, Newfoundland and Labrador

Question 7

Chemical and bacterial decomposition of ________ in mine tailings produces sulphuric acid that attacks other sulphide minerals, to releasing toxic levels of heavy metals to the surface environment, and seeps of contaminated water called acid mine drainage.

A)calcite
B)pyrite
C)quartz
D)sylvite

Question 8

Which statement about Earth's resources is false?

A)They have been the basis of world trade.
B)They have driven waves of immigration.
C)They have never been important to politicians.
D)They have generated wars.

Question 9

Hematite and magnetite are the dominant ore minerals in ________.

A)SEDEX deposits like at Sullivan B.C.
B)superior type banded iron formations
C)massive sulphide deposits like those that form along mid-ocean ridges
D)rare element felsic pegmatites

Question 10

The five most important Canadian minerals in terms of production value are ________.

A)gold, nickel, potash, copper, zinc
B)platinum, iron, sulphur, gypsum, halite
C)silver, quartz, garnet, tin, aluminum
D)clay, mica, serpentine, chlorite, zeolite

Question 11

The wealthiest 20% of the world's population (including: Australia, Canada, United States, Western Europe)directly use about ________ of the world's resources, while the poorest 25% use less than 1.5%.

A)3%
B)85%
C)15%
D)9%

Question 12

Canada ranks first in the world for production of ________.

A)copper and zinc
B)gold and silver
C)potash and uranium
D)diamonds and platinum

Question 13

How much of Canada's mineral and metal products are exported?

A)20%
B)50%
C)>80%
D)none

Question 14

Which of these statements is false?

A)Geologists can predict where an economically important resource might occur.
B)Geologists can determine the most effective way of extracting a resource.
C)Geologists can determine how a mineral deposit formed to aid in discovering similar deposits.
D)Geologists can determine the order and sequence of events throughout Earth's history but leave it to prospectors and miners to get valuable resources out of the ground.

Question 15

The world's population reached ________ people in 2012, placing increasing demands on fixed natural resources.

A)70 billion
B)7 billion
C)70 million
D)7 million

Question 16

Which of the following is not a metallic ore?

A)hematite
B)ilmenite
C)wolframite
D)foxamite

Question 17

Copper-zinc sulphide deposits formed around an ancient, seafloor, "black-smoker" hot spring vent would be most likely to be found in ________.

A)a metamorphic aureole skarn deposit
B)an ophiolite complex
C)a foreland or intracratonic basin
D)a detrital placer deposit

Question 18

What is a popular saying among geologists concerning natural resources?

A)If it can't be grown, it's gotta be mined.
B)There's gold in them thar hills.
C)Who brought the beer?
D)When do we eat?

Question 19

________ can be replenished over relatively short time spans like months, years, or decades.

A)Renewable resources
B)Non-renewable resources
C)Semi-renewable resources
D)Quasi-renewable resources

Question 20

Which of the following is not a process that produces metallic magmatic deposits?

A)gravitational settling
B)meteorite impacts
C)immiscibility
D)pegmatite formation

Question 21

________ concentrates minor amounts of metals scattered throughout unweathered rock, into profitable reserves.

A)Primary consolidation
B)Secondary enrichment
C)Tertiary substitution
D)Quaternary concentration

Question 22

________ formed during the Precambrian under reducing conditions when the atmosphere was depleted in oxygen.

A)Sulphur zones
B)Banded iron formation (Superior type)
C)Limonite rust fillings
D)Goethite veins

Question 23

Which of the following are not considered industrial minerals?

A)diamonds
B)garnets
C)porphyries
D)clays

Question 24

The most important fertilizer minerals, and the elements they contain, are: ________.

A)apatite (P), native sulphur (S), and sylvite (K)
B)albite (Na), calcite (Ca), and chromite (Cr)
C)galena (Pb), halite (Cl), and kaolinite (Al)
D)chalcopyrite (Cu), millerite (Ni), and sphalerite (Zn)

Question 25

Which of the following is not an ingredient of cement?

A)olivine
B)calcite
C)clay
D)silica

Question 26

Which one of the following best describes how talc deposits might form?

A)dehydration of gypsum and limestone during contact metamorphism
B)reaction of olivine and pyroxene with hydrothermal fluids during regional metamorphism
C)reaction of hydrothermal fluids with quartz-rich sandstones during contact metamorphism
D)high pressure metamorphism associated with impact of an asteroid or large meteorite

Question 27

Sedimentary and residual deposits of the mineral ________ supply phosphorous for phosphate fertilizers and feed additives.

A)apatite
B)fluorite
C)kaolinite
D)sylvite

Question 28

Metamorphic deposits of ________ provide the carbon used in pencils and solid lubricant.

A)gypsum
B)graphite
C)galena
D)garnet

Question 29

Contact metamorphic skarn deposits of the mineral scheelite, located in BC and Yukon, are sources of the element ________.

A)barium
B)phosphorous
C)tin
D)tungsten

Question 30

The industrial term for crushed stone, sand and gravel deposits used in construction is ________.

A)aggregate
B)conglomerate
C)agate
D)unconsolidates

Question 31

Detrital grains of ________ are not likely to be concentrated in placer deposits.

A)diamond
B)ilmenite
C)gypsum
D)platinum

Question 32

________ is the essential mineral component of plasters and drywall.

A)Talc
B)Garnet
C)Apatite
D)Gypsum

Question 33

Bauxite is a residual ore deposit of ________ formed by prolonged, intense, tropical weathering of granitic bedrock.

A)aluminum
B)calcium
C)mercury
D)silver

Question 34

Which of the following statements is not true?

A)Fluorite and limestone are used in steelmaking.
B)Abrasives are required to make machine parts.
C)Nonmetallic resources include fertilizers for growing food.
D)Nonmetallic resources include VMS deposits.

Question 35

________, both calcium-bearing minerals, are the first to form in sedimentary deposits by the evaporation of sea water.

A)Calcite and gypsum
B)Bauxite and kaolin
C)Halite and sylvite
D)Chalcopyrite and bornite

Question 36

Diamonds are mined from a rare ultramafic rock called ________.

A)peridotite
B)dunite
C)pyroxenite
D)kimberlite

Question 37

Graphite deposits typically form ________.

A)as hydrothermal vein deposits in limestone around a granitic batholith
B)by regional metamorphism of organic-rich, black shales
C)as deposits around submarine, hot spring vents
D)by decomposition of humus and soil gases during intense, tropical weathering

Question 38

Which of the following groups of industrial minerals are commonly used as abrasives?

A)talc and graphite
B)kaolinite and gypsum
C)molybdenite and galena
D)corundum, diamond, and garnet

Question 39

________ is a nonrenewable resource.

A)Petroleum
B)Water
C)Solar power
D)Timber

Question 40

________, a rock-forming silicate mineral, is used as an insulator in electrical equipment and occurs as large crystals with quartz and feldspars in pegmatites.

A)Hornblende
B)Graphite
C)Olivine
D)Muscovite

Question 41

________ is the main fuel used in nuclear fission reactors to produce electricity because it is the only natural isotope capable of sustaining a controlled fission reaction.

A)Uranium-238
B)Thorium-234
C)Uranium-235
D)Plutonium-239

Question 42

The ________ formation, rich in oil shale strata, was deposited in early Tertiary lakes that once covered parts of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming.

A)Blue Mountain
B)White Prairie
C)Green River
D)Red Lake

Question 43

Very fine uraninite ore is called ________.

A)pitchblende
B)hornblende
C)fininite
D)radioactite

Question 44

The majority of coal currently mined in Canada comes from Mesozoic deposits in ________.

A)Nova Scotia
B)Nunavut
C)Quebec
D)British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan

Question 45

Sandstone is a much more common reservoir rock for petroleum than shale because ________.

A)shale is more porous so the oil tends to leak out over time
B)sandstone is more abundant than shale
C)shales, especially black shales, are much richer in primary organic matter than are sandstones
D)sandstones are more permeable than shales so subsurface flows of fluids tend to be directed through sandstone strata rather than through shales

Question 46

Canada's entire uranium ore production is located in ________.

A)Elliot Lake basin, northern Ontario
B)Athabasca basin, northern Saskatchewan
C)Minas basin, northern Nova Scotia
D)Peace River basin, northern Alberta

Question 47

Which of the following is not a renewable energy resource?

A)oil shale
B)landfill methane
C)biomass
D)geothermal

Question 48

________ is a solid waxy substance produced by deep burial of organic matter.

A)Plastocene
B)Kerosene
C)Kerogen
D)Oil toffee

Question 49

________ is trapped in the pore spaces of coal seams and detrital sediments and is a potential source of energy.

A)Shale gas
B)Coal-bed methane
C)Clastic aerosols
D)Sandy propane

Question 50

Which of the following is not a bad effect of using fossil fuels?

A)air pollution
B)stream siltation
C)global warming
D)acid precipitation

Question 51

________ supplies the largest percentage of energy consumed annually in Canada, while the majority of that produced is sold for export.

A)Coal
B)Uranium
C)Hydroelectricity
D)Petroleum and Natural Gas

Question 52

________ is a solid substance formed when water molecules form cages that surround methane molecules.

A)Methane hydrate
B)Hydrogen silicate
C)Helium oxidate
D)Butane coagulate

Question 53

Where did North America's worst oil-caused environmental disaster occur?

A)Alaska coast, 1989
B)Strait of Georgia, 2001
C)Grand Banks, 1995
D)Gulf of Mexico, 2010

Question 54

________ has the largest, current production and reserves of crude oil.

A)The North Sea field
B)Central and eastern Saudi Arabia
C)Texas
D)Alberta

Question 55

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Saskatchewan is Canada's major coal producer.
B)Canada supplies over 20 countries with coal.
C)Much Canadian coal is used in steel production.
D)Nova Scotia was a major coal producer for over a century.

Question 56

The world's largest, commercially developed heavy oil sand deposit is ________.

A)near Lake Athabasca, northeast Alberta
B)in the Green River Basin, northwest Colorado
C)at El Nala in Saudi Arabia
D)in the Hibernia Field offshore of Newfoundland

Question 57

What is the name of Canadian-made nuclear fission reactors?

A)Canadian Heavy Water Systems (CHWS)
B)Nuclear Designs Canada Limited (NDCL)
C)Canadian Fission Reactors Incorporated (CFRI)
D)Canadian Deuterium-Uranium (CANDU)

Question 58

Hydroelectricity contributes ________ percent of Canada's total electricity generation.

A))058
B))58
C)5)8
D)58

Question 59

Cap rock and reservoir strata are associated with accumulations of ________.

A)oil shale
B)bedded rock salt
C)sedimentary iron ore
D)petroleum

Question 60

Where was North America's first oil well drilled?

A)High River, Alberta
B)Melville, Saskatchewan
C)Sidney, Nova Scotia
D)Oil Springs, Ontario

Question 61

From trapping ocean water, the world's largest tidal power plant for generating electricity is ________.

A)in Iceland on the mid Atlantic ridge
B)on the isle of Islay in Scotland
C)in La Rance River estuary, Brittany, along the Atlantic coast of France
D)at the Annapolis Tidal Power Generating Station on the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia

Question 62

Gold, silver, mercury, lead, and zinc deposits can all form where hydrothermal solutions circulate through fractures and open spaces in rock.

Question 63

In 2012, human population passed the 7 billion mark, and this is the biggest reason for increasing demand on natural resources.

Question 64

Where is Canada's first large-scale solar park located?

A)Stone Mill's, Ontario
B)Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
C)Fredericton, New Brunswick
D)Iqaluit, Nunavut

Question 65

Which is not a concern with modern windmills?

A)Noise pollution affects people's health.
B)Winds can blow over trees that can damage windmills.
C)Cost of land to install windmills can be prohibitive in heavily populated areas.
D)Windmills can be harmful to wildlife.

Question 66

Tidal power is limited to areas where _____________________.

A)tidal range is high and water turbidity is low
B)tidal range and water turbidity are similar
C)tidal range is low and water turbidity is high
D)tidal range and water turbidity are irrelevant

Question 67

Where was the first commercial use of geothermal heat in Canada?

A)Pickering, Ontario
B)Harrison Hot Springs, BC
C)Springhill, Nova Scotia using water warmed by the geothermal gradient form abandoned shafts and coal mines.
D)Les Geysers, northern Quebec

Question 68

Which one is not a significant potential Canadian source of geothermal energy?

A)Regina, Saskatchewan
B)Springhill, Nova Scotia
C)Fort Liard, Northwest Territories
D)Meager Creek, British Columbia

Question 69

How is geothermal energy used?

A)Power lines are hooked up to geysers to generate static electricity.
B)Geothermal steam is piped to traction engines connected to the local power grid.
C)Geothermal steam and hot water are tapped and piped to turbines that generate electric power.
D)Hot springs are fed to water heaters that are plugged in to the local power grid.

Question 70

SEDEX, stratiform, and MVT ores are classified as magmatic deposits.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Hydroelectric dams have limited life spans.
B)Sediments gradually fill reservoirs behind dams.
C)Canada still has rivers that have not been dammed for hydroelectric power.
D)Hydroelectric dams have no effect on wildlife.

Question 72

________ is the term for a south-facing window that allows objects in a room to absorb solar energy and re-emit it as heat energy.

A)Passive solar collector
B)South solar reflector
C)Glass solar screen
D)Clear solar pane

Question 73

In an economic sense, extraction of groundwater in areas where natural recharge is very slow, is similar to mining a non-renewable resource.

Question 74

Geothermal power generation in ________ relies hot waters related to near surface volcanic heat from modern igneous intrusions.

A)Nunavut
B)Iceland, Italy, New Zealand, and the USA
C)Saskatchewan
D)Nova Scotia

Question 75

Many of the world's very large, disseminated, porphyry copper deposits formed in or near felsic to intermediate igneous plutons emplaced on convergent margins.

Question 76

Where of the following are wind turbines not common in Canada?

A)British Columbia
B)Ontario
C)Prince Edward Island
D)Nunavut

Question 77

How many homes might the Meager Creek geothermal area of British Columbia heat each year if developed?

A)90 000
B)9000
C)900
D)90

Question 78

Government studies suggest solar energy could provide ________ percent of Canada's electricity.

A))5
B)5
C)50
D))05

Question 79

How much energy does North America's only tidal power plant in Nova Scotia generate?

A)20 gigawatts
B)20 megawatts
C)20 kilowatts
D)20 milliwatts

Question 80

Where is North America's only tidal power station located?

A)Fanny Bay, British Columbia
B)Hudson Bay, Quebec
C)James Bay, Ontario
D)Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia