Deck 2: Chemical Composition of the Body

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Question
The __________ is the physical space which an electron occupies in an atom.

A)nucleus
B)orbital
C)energy level
D)Both orbital and energy level are correct.
Use Space or
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to flip the card.
Question
Which of the following is NOT true of isotopes of a given atom?

A)have the same number of neutrons
B)have the same number of protons
C)have different atomic masses
D)All apply.
Question
Carbon atoms form many organic molecules by forming polar covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.
Question
An element with 11 neutrons,11 protons,and 11 electrons would have a mass number of

A)11
B)33
C)22
D)cannot be determined
Question
Hydrogen bonds form between the partially charged atoms of two polar molecules,such as the slightly positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly negatively charged oxygen atom of another.
Question
Molecules with polar covalent bonds are hydrophobic.
Question
An element with 5 protons,5 neutrons,and 5 electrons would have an atomic number of 15.
Question
The _______________ electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom.

A)kernel
B)valence
C)atomic
D)anion
Question
Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.
Question
When an atom gains one or more electrons,it

A)becomes positively charged.
B)has no change in its charge.
C)is called an anion.
D)is called a cation.
Question
An atom with 5 protons,5 neutrons,and 6 electrons would have a net charge of

A)-1.
B)-2.
C)+1.
D)+2.
Question
The term "chemical element" refers to the most common isotope of that element.
Question
Negatively charged ions will migrate towards the anode in an electrical field.
Question
When an atom loses one or more electrons,it

A)becomes positively charged.
B)becomes negatively charged.
C)is called an anion.
D)has no change in its charge.
Question
Most of the water found in the body is in the

A)blood.
B)intracellular fluid compartment.
C)extracellular fluid compartment.
D)blood and extracellular fluid compartment.
Question
Atoms sharing a pair of electrons form covalent bonds.
Question
The atomic nucleus does not contain ____________,which are negatively charged subatomic particles.

A)protons
B)electrons
C)neutrons
Question
Which of the following subatomic particles have negligible mass?

A)electrons
B)neutrons
C)protons
D)Both neutrons and protons.
Question
Isotopes have the same ___________ number,but a different __________ number.

A)mass,atomic
B)neutron,mass
C)atomic,mass
D)atomic,proton
Question
Water makes up _____ of the total body weight of an average adult.

A)50-60%
B)55-65%
C)60-70%
D)65-75%
Question
A solution of a pH above 7 is called ____________.

A)acidic
B)neutral
C)basic
Question
Acids release hydrogen ions into solutions.
Question
Ionic bonds are very strong and will not easily dissociate in water.
Question
Bases will _______________ protons in a solution.

A)accept
B)donate
C)ignore
D)repel
Question
The ability of water to be pulled as a column through narrow channels is called

A)osmalality.
B)surface tension.
C)neutrality.
D)capillary action.
Question
The pH of a solution increases as the _______________ ion concentration decreases.

A)hydrogen
B)hydroxide
C)bicarbonate
D)sodium
Question
Bonds that are formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms within water molecules are called

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)ionic bonds.
C)nonpolar covalent bonds.
D)polar covalent bonds.
Question
A buffer has an acid component and a base component that can prevent drastic changes in pH.
Question
Hydration spheres can be formed by compounds which contain _______________ bonds.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)ionic
D)either polar covalent or ionic
Question
The formation of hydration spheres makes an ion or molecule soluble in water.
Question
_______________ bonds are formed when atoms share electrons unequally.

A)Nonpolar covalent
B)Ionic
C)Polar covalent
D)van der Waals
Question
The pH of a solution is directly proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.
Question
The primary buffer in the blood is the _______________ buffer.

A)hydronium
B)ammonia
C)phosphate
D)bicarbonate
Question
As the pH of the blood decreases,the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood would decrease.
Question
What type of bond is formed between potassium and iodine?

A)polar covalent bond
B)ionic bond
C)nonpolar covalent bond
D)hydrogen bond
Question
Surface tension between water molecules occurs because adjacent water molecules form _______ bonds with each other.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)hydrogen
D)ionic
Question
Water molecules form _______________ ions when they associate with a hydrogen ion.

A)hydroxide
B)bicarbonate
C)hydronium
D)water
Question
The type of bond found in sodium chloride is

A)an ionic bond.
B)a polar covalent bond.
C)a hydrogen bond.
D)a nonpolar covalent bonD.
Question
Hydrophobic molecules would contain _______________ bonds.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)hydrogen
D)ionic
Question
Which of the following would be most easily broken?

A)a hydrogen bond
B)a nonpolar covalent bond
C)an ionic bond
D)a polar covalent bond
Question
An example of an aromatic substance is

A)hexane.
B)cyclohexane.
C)fructose.
D)benzene.
Question
Ketones contain a(n)_______________ group within the carbon chain.

A)hydroxyl
B)carbonyl
C)carboxyl
D)aromatic
Question
Regarding acids and bases,

A)acids will increase the pH of a solution.
B)bases will decrease the pH of a solution.
C)acids will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.
D)bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.
Question
Glucose,galactose,and fructose can be considered structural isomers of each other.
Question
A blood pH of 7.6 is

A)indicative of acidosis.
B)indicative of alkalosis.
C)in the normal physiological range.
D)indicates effective buffering by the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system.
Question
How many single bonds can a carbon atom form if it is double-bonded to an oxygen atom?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Question
A six-sided organic molecule with alternating double bonds is termed a(n)

A)aromatic compound.
B)ketone.
C)alcohol.
D)organic aciD.
Question
Ammonia usually

A)acts as a base.
B)acts as an acid.
C)acts as a buffer.
D)ionizes to form a hydroxyl ion.
Question
An ionized organic acid is designated with the suffix - ate.
Question
Only L-stereoisomers are absorbed by the digestive tract and used to synthesize organic molecules.
Question
Organic acids contain carbonyl groups.
Question
Organic acids will contain

A)a carboxyl group.
B)a carbonyl group.
C)an amino group.
D)a hydroxyl group.
Question
_________ are molecules with the same ratio of atoms but different arrangements of atoms.

A)Isotopes
B)Structural isomers
C)Stereoisomers
D)Radioactive isotopes
Question
Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are

A)ionic.
B)inorganic.
C)organiC.
D)carbonic.
Question
Fats and carbohydrates are the primary energy stores in the body.
Question
Fructose is a ketone.
Question
In an acidic solution,

A)the OH- ion concentration is greater than the H+ ion concentration.
B)the OH- ion concentration is less than the H+ ion concentration.
C)the H+ ion concentration is equal to the OH- ion concentration.
D)the H+ ion concentration is less than the OH- ion concentration only if the solution is buffereD.
Question
The ionized form of the organic lactic acid is lactate.
Question
Molecules that are mirror images of each other are

A)enantiomers.
B)geometric isomers.
C)cis/trans isomers.
D)structural isomers.
Question
Molecules with the same atoms,in the same sequence,but arranged differently in space are called

A)structural isomers.
B)stereoisomers.
C)functional groups.
D)aromatic molecules.
Question
Carbohydrate molecules have a ratio of twice as many oxygen atoms to carbon atoms.
Question
Which reaction represents a dehydration synthesis reaction?

A)Reaction A
B)Reaction B
Question
Glucose is stored as a polysaccharide to prevent osmosis of water into the cells.
Question
In order to maintain proper health,total dietary fat intake should not exceed _______________ of total dietary energy intake.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%
Question
The addition of water with the proper enzymes to a molecule is called

A)dehydration synthesis.
B)condensation.
C)hydrolysis.
D)combustion.
Question
Sucrose is a disaccharide that is composed of _______________ and ____________.

A)glucose,glucose
B)glucose,galactose
C)glucose,fructose
D)fructose,galactose
Question
Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by animals themselves?

A)glycogen
B)cellulose
C)starch
D)All apply.
Question
A molecule that is part polar and part nonpolar is called

A)an enantiomer.
B)a ketone body.
C)unsaturated.
D)amphipathic.
Question
Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

A)prostaglandins
B)triglycerides
C)cholesterol
D)glycogen
Question
Rapid,uncontrolled hydrolysis of body fats can result in ketoacidosis.
Question
Corticosteroids are a type of lipid commonly found in cell membranes.
Question
Steroids are derived from cholesterol.
Question
An example of a monosaccharide is

A)maltose.
B)sucrose.
C)glucose.
D)glycogen.
Question
Covalent bonds are formed between monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.
Question
Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide?

A)fructose
B)sucrose
C)maltose
D)lactose
Question
_____________ are fatty acids with a cyclic hydrocarbon group.

A)Triglycerides
B)Prostaglandins
C)Proteins
D)Carbohydrates
Question
Lipids containing glycerol would include _______________ and ____________.

A)triglycerides,steroids
B)prostaglandins,phospholipids
C)triglycerides,phospholipids
D)steroids,prostaglandins
Question
Unsaturated fatty acids contain more hydrogen atoms than saturated fatty acids of the same length.
Question
Glycogen

A)is more highly branched than plant starch.
B)is a glycoprotein found in the liver.
C)is a glycolipid found in skeletal muscles.
D)is composed of alternating glucose and galactose molecules.
Question
________________ are liver synthesized derivatives of free fatty acids that can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs.

A)Glycerols
B)Ketone bodies
C)Steroids
D)Cholesterols
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Deck 2: Chemical Composition of the Body
1
The __________ is the physical space which an electron occupies in an atom.

A)nucleus
B)orbital
C)energy level
D)Both orbital and energy level are correct.
D
2
Which of the following is NOT true of isotopes of a given atom?

A)have the same number of neutrons
B)have the same number of protons
C)have different atomic masses
D)All apply.
A
3
Carbon atoms form many organic molecules by forming polar covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.
False
4
An element with 11 neutrons,11 protons,and 11 electrons would have a mass number of

A)11
B)33
C)22
D)cannot be determined
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5
Hydrogen bonds form between the partially charged atoms of two polar molecules,such as the slightly positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly negatively charged oxygen atom of another.
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6
Molecules with polar covalent bonds are hydrophobic.
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7
An element with 5 protons,5 neutrons,and 5 electrons would have an atomic number of 15.
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8
The _______________ electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom.

A)kernel
B)valence
C)atomic
D)anion
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9
Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.
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10
When an atom gains one or more electrons,it

A)becomes positively charged.
B)has no change in its charge.
C)is called an anion.
D)is called a cation.
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11
An atom with 5 protons,5 neutrons,and 6 electrons would have a net charge of

A)-1.
B)-2.
C)+1.
D)+2.
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12
The term "chemical element" refers to the most common isotope of that element.
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13
Negatively charged ions will migrate towards the anode in an electrical field.
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14
When an atom loses one or more electrons,it

A)becomes positively charged.
B)becomes negatively charged.
C)is called an anion.
D)has no change in its charge.
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15
Most of the water found in the body is in the

A)blood.
B)intracellular fluid compartment.
C)extracellular fluid compartment.
D)blood and extracellular fluid compartment.
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16
Atoms sharing a pair of electrons form covalent bonds.
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17
The atomic nucleus does not contain ____________,which are negatively charged subatomic particles.

A)protons
B)electrons
C)neutrons
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18
Which of the following subatomic particles have negligible mass?

A)electrons
B)neutrons
C)protons
D)Both neutrons and protons.
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19
Isotopes have the same ___________ number,but a different __________ number.

A)mass,atomic
B)neutron,mass
C)atomic,mass
D)atomic,proton
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20
Water makes up _____ of the total body weight of an average adult.

A)50-60%
B)55-65%
C)60-70%
D)65-75%
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21
A solution of a pH above 7 is called ____________.

A)acidic
B)neutral
C)basic
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22
Acids release hydrogen ions into solutions.
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23
Ionic bonds are very strong and will not easily dissociate in water.
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24
Bases will _______________ protons in a solution.

A)accept
B)donate
C)ignore
D)repel
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25
The ability of water to be pulled as a column through narrow channels is called

A)osmalality.
B)surface tension.
C)neutrality.
D)capillary action.
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26
The pH of a solution increases as the _______________ ion concentration decreases.

A)hydrogen
B)hydroxide
C)bicarbonate
D)sodium
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27
Bonds that are formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms within water molecules are called

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)ionic bonds.
C)nonpolar covalent bonds.
D)polar covalent bonds.
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28
A buffer has an acid component and a base component that can prevent drastic changes in pH.
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29
Hydration spheres can be formed by compounds which contain _______________ bonds.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)ionic
D)either polar covalent or ionic
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30
The formation of hydration spheres makes an ion or molecule soluble in water.
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31
_______________ bonds are formed when atoms share electrons unequally.

A)Nonpolar covalent
B)Ionic
C)Polar covalent
D)van der Waals
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32
The pH of a solution is directly proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.
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33
The primary buffer in the blood is the _______________ buffer.

A)hydronium
B)ammonia
C)phosphate
D)bicarbonate
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34
As the pH of the blood decreases,the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood would decrease.
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35
What type of bond is formed between potassium and iodine?

A)polar covalent bond
B)ionic bond
C)nonpolar covalent bond
D)hydrogen bond
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36
Surface tension between water molecules occurs because adjacent water molecules form _______ bonds with each other.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)hydrogen
D)ionic
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37
Water molecules form _______________ ions when they associate with a hydrogen ion.

A)hydroxide
B)bicarbonate
C)hydronium
D)water
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38
The type of bond found in sodium chloride is

A)an ionic bond.
B)a polar covalent bond.
C)a hydrogen bond.
D)a nonpolar covalent bonD.
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39
Hydrophobic molecules would contain _______________ bonds.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)hydrogen
D)ionic
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40
Which of the following would be most easily broken?

A)a hydrogen bond
B)a nonpolar covalent bond
C)an ionic bond
D)a polar covalent bond
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41
An example of an aromatic substance is

A)hexane.
B)cyclohexane.
C)fructose.
D)benzene.
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42
Ketones contain a(n)_______________ group within the carbon chain.

A)hydroxyl
B)carbonyl
C)carboxyl
D)aromatic
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43
Regarding acids and bases,

A)acids will increase the pH of a solution.
B)bases will decrease the pH of a solution.
C)acids will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.
D)bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.
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44
Glucose,galactose,and fructose can be considered structural isomers of each other.
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45
A blood pH of 7.6 is

A)indicative of acidosis.
B)indicative of alkalosis.
C)in the normal physiological range.
D)indicates effective buffering by the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system.
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46
How many single bonds can a carbon atom form if it is double-bonded to an oxygen atom?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
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47
A six-sided organic molecule with alternating double bonds is termed a(n)

A)aromatic compound.
B)ketone.
C)alcohol.
D)organic aciD.
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48
Ammonia usually

A)acts as a base.
B)acts as an acid.
C)acts as a buffer.
D)ionizes to form a hydroxyl ion.
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49
An ionized organic acid is designated with the suffix - ate.
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50
Only L-stereoisomers are absorbed by the digestive tract and used to synthesize organic molecules.
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51
Organic acids contain carbonyl groups.
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52
Organic acids will contain

A)a carboxyl group.
B)a carbonyl group.
C)an amino group.
D)a hydroxyl group.
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53
_________ are molecules with the same ratio of atoms but different arrangements of atoms.

A)Isotopes
B)Structural isomers
C)Stereoisomers
D)Radioactive isotopes
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54
Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are

A)ionic.
B)inorganic.
C)organiC.
D)carbonic.
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55
Fats and carbohydrates are the primary energy stores in the body.
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56
Fructose is a ketone.
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57
In an acidic solution,

A)the OH- ion concentration is greater than the H+ ion concentration.
B)the OH- ion concentration is less than the H+ ion concentration.
C)the H+ ion concentration is equal to the OH- ion concentration.
D)the H+ ion concentration is less than the OH- ion concentration only if the solution is buffereD.
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58
The ionized form of the organic lactic acid is lactate.
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59
Molecules that are mirror images of each other are

A)enantiomers.
B)geometric isomers.
C)cis/trans isomers.
D)structural isomers.
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60
Molecules with the same atoms,in the same sequence,but arranged differently in space are called

A)structural isomers.
B)stereoisomers.
C)functional groups.
D)aromatic molecules.
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61
Carbohydrate molecules have a ratio of twice as many oxygen atoms to carbon atoms.
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62
Which reaction represents a dehydration synthesis reaction?

A)Reaction A
B)Reaction B
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63
Glucose is stored as a polysaccharide to prevent osmosis of water into the cells.
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64
In order to maintain proper health,total dietary fat intake should not exceed _______________ of total dietary energy intake.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%
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65
The addition of water with the proper enzymes to a molecule is called

A)dehydration synthesis.
B)condensation.
C)hydrolysis.
D)combustion.
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66
Sucrose is a disaccharide that is composed of _______________ and ____________.

A)glucose,glucose
B)glucose,galactose
C)glucose,fructose
D)fructose,galactose
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67
Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by animals themselves?

A)glycogen
B)cellulose
C)starch
D)All apply.
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68
A molecule that is part polar and part nonpolar is called

A)an enantiomer.
B)a ketone body.
C)unsaturated.
D)amphipathic.
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69
Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

A)prostaglandins
B)triglycerides
C)cholesterol
D)glycogen
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70
Rapid,uncontrolled hydrolysis of body fats can result in ketoacidosis.
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71
Corticosteroids are a type of lipid commonly found in cell membranes.
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72
Steroids are derived from cholesterol.
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73
An example of a monosaccharide is

A)maltose.
B)sucrose.
C)glucose.
D)glycogen.
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74
Covalent bonds are formed between monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.
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75
Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide?

A)fructose
B)sucrose
C)maltose
D)lactose
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76
_____________ are fatty acids with a cyclic hydrocarbon group.

A)Triglycerides
B)Prostaglandins
C)Proteins
D)Carbohydrates
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77
Lipids containing glycerol would include _______________ and ____________.

A)triglycerides,steroids
B)prostaglandins,phospholipids
C)triglycerides,phospholipids
D)steroids,prostaglandins
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78
Unsaturated fatty acids contain more hydrogen atoms than saturated fatty acids of the same length.
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79
Glycogen

A)is more highly branched than plant starch.
B)is a glycoprotein found in the liver.
C)is a glycolipid found in skeletal muscles.
D)is composed of alternating glucose and galactose molecules.
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80
________________ are liver synthesized derivatives of free fatty acids that can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs.

A)Glycerols
B)Ketone bodies
C)Steroids
D)Cholesterols
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Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 116 flashcards in this deck.