Deck 2: Techniques of Geographic Analysis

Question 1

Under the survey system established by the Land Ordinance of 1785,land is divided into

A)metes and bounds.
B)base lines and meridians.
C)townships and sections.
D)acres and hectares.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All of the following are key reference points in the grid system EXCEPT the

A)North and South Poles.
B)Greenwich Village,New York.
C)equator.
D)prime meridian.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Every projection has some degree of distortion because

A)a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion.
B)parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe.
C)the grid system is two-dimensional but the earth is three-dimensional.
D)a sphere is a developable surface.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements about proportional dot symbols is correct?

A)They can be easily misinterpreted.
B)The size of the symbol is constant.
C)They are used when the range of the data is small.
D)They are used in vector but not raster formats.

Question 5

An equidistant projection

A)shows true distance in all directions from one or two central points.
B)has parallels and meridians intersecting at right angles.
C)shows true directions from a single point to all other points.
D)is almost always conformal.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about topographic maps is NOT correct?

A)They are used by engineers,regional planners,and land use analysts.
B)The contour line is the principal device used to indicate elevation.
C)They portray the terrain rather than features people have added to the natural landscape.
D)Aerial photography is employed to speed up the production process.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about latitude is true?

A)Latitude is a measure of distance and of the equator.
B)Latitude lines are always parallel to each other on a globe.
C)Latitude varies from 0 ^$\circ$ to 180 ^$\circ$ .
D)On a globe,lines of latitude intersect parallels of longitude at right angles.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a way to show a quantity at a point on a map?

A)dots
B)three-dimensional symbols
C)proportional circles
D)pixels

Question 9

Which of the following variables would NOT be suitable for depiction on a flow-line map?

A)the amount oil flowing through a network of pipelines
B)the number of immigrants who have come from different regions of the world to the U.S.
C)the number of immigrants living in each region of the U.S.
D)the average amount of water flowing in the major rivers of the U.S.

Question 10

Which one of the following correctly lists the four main properties of maps?

A)area,direction,latitude,longitude
B)equivalence,shape,latitude,longitude
C)conformality,equivalence,direction,symbols
D)area,shape,distance,direction

Question 11

Which of the following statements about remote sensing is NOT true?

A)It is a faster means of reconnaissance than ground surveying.
B)It began with data collected by the United States space program.
C)One of the most common sources of remotely sensed data is Landsat imagery.
D)Aerial photographs must be interpreted before maps can be made of them.

Question 12

Which of the following features is NOT commonly found on topographic maps?

A)elevation contours
B)rivers,lakes,and coastal features
C)cultural features such as buildings,orchards,cities,and roads
D)proportional circle symbols depicting population distribution

Question 13

A contour interval

A)is the vertical spacing between contour lines.
B)connects points of equal elevation above sea level.
C)is a single map in a topographic series.
D)heightens the graphic effect of a topographic map.

Question 14

Probably the most often misused projection is

A)Goode's Homolosine.
B)simple conic.
C)gnomonic.
D)Mercator.

Question 15

A digital record of geographic information is called a

A)geographic database.
B)density slice.
C)pixel.
D)vertical axis.

Question 16

A map scale of 1: 24,000 means that

A)one inch on the map represents 2,000 feet on the earth.
B)one inch on the map represents 24,000 inches on the earth.
C)one foot on the map represents 2,000 inches on the earth.
D)one foot on the map represents 24,000 miles on the earth.

Question 17

A map drawn at which of the following scales would provide the greatest level of detail?

A)1: 8,000
B)1: 24,000
C)1: 50,000
D)1: 63,360

Question 18

All of the following statements about small-scale maps are true EXCEPT that they

A)give a general idea of the relative locations of major features.
B)show significantly less detail than do larger scale maps.
C)typically smooth out such features as coastlines and rivers.
D)permit the accurate measurement of major features.

Question 19

Which of the following is the largest scale map?

A)1: 8,000
B)1: 24,000
C)1: 50,000
D)1: 63,360

Question 20

The prime meridian

A)passes through Greenwich Village,New York.
B)is given in nature.
C)connects the North and South Poles.
D)is parallel to the equator.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about longitude is correct?

A)Values of longitude range from 0 ^$\circ$ to 360 ^$\circ$ degrees.
B)Meridians decrease in length away from the International Date Line.
C)Distance between adjacent degrees of longitude increases away from the equator.
D)It is the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a globe property?

A)All meridians are one-half the length of the equator.
B)Parallels increase in length as one nears the poles.
C)Meridians and parallels intersect at right angles.
D)The scale on the surface of the globe is the same in every direction.

Question 23

All of the following are problems inherent in showing quantities in areas EXCEPT that

A)such maps imply uniformity within an area.
B)such maps imply abrupt changes at boundaries that are unrealistic.
C)color choice may impart more importance to some areas than to others.
D)such maps can show quantities but not rates,percentages,or densities.

Question 24

Thermal scanners are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT that they

A)sense the heat emitted by objects on earth.
B)can operate only in the daytime.
C)have been used to detect water pollution.
D)do not use photographic film.

Question 25

Which one of the following sets of coordinates corresponds to a place on the earth?

A)57ºN,193ºE
B)105ºN,126ºW
C)180ºN
D)34ºN,84ºW

Question 26

Maps that adjust the size of area units based on the values of the data they depict are called

A)choropleth maps.
B)topographic maps.
C)flow-line maps.
D)cartogram maps.

Question 27

Contour lines

A)can be detected by remote sensing.
B)connect points of equal elevation above sea level.
C)aren't useful for depicting mountainous regions.
D)are less accurate than shaded relief in depicting terrain.

Question 28

What is the representative fraction scale of a map in which one inch represents one half of a mile on the ground?

A)1: 31,680
B)1: 15,840
C)1: 10,560
D)1: 2,640

Question 29

When one travels one fourth of the distance around the world along the same parallel of latitude,the number of time zones traversed is likely

A)4.
B)6.
C)12.
D)24.

Question 30

A map on which one square inch represents an identical number of square miles anywhere on the map is called

A)equidistant.
B)conformal.
C)azimuthal.
D)equivalent.

Question 31

The federal agency that makes most of the topographic maps in the United States is

A)USDOT.
B)USGS.
C)NASA.
D)BLM.

Question 32

The Land Ordinance of 1785 established a systematic survey known as the

A)base line system.
B)township and range system.
C)orthographic survey system.
D)public lands identification system.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major components of a geographic information system?

A)geographic database
B)pixel
C)computer hardware
D)computer software

Question 34

An example of a map that is a compromise between an equal-area and conformal projection is

A)the sinusoidal projection.
B)the Mercator projection.
C)the Robinson projection.
D)a satellite image.

Question 35

When mapping numerical data,a cartographer should use a projection that is

A)conformal.
B)topographic.
C)equidistant.
D)equal-area.

Question 36

Meridians of longitude converge at the

A)equator.
B)poles.
C)International Date Line.
D)Line of Greenwich.

Question 37

An example of a choropleth map would be a map showing

A)dots,each depicting 1,000 acres of corn production.
B)the location of schools in a census tract.
C)population density by county.
D)proportional circles depicting the population of selected cities.

Question 38

Given a map scale of 1: 63,360,how many inches on the map would be needed to represent 2 miles on the ground?

A)2 inches
B)4 inches
C)8 inches
D)12 inches

Question 39

A map that accurately portrays the shapes of small areas is called

A)conformal.
B)graphic.
C)equivalent.
D)compromise.

Question 40

If it is 5 p.m.at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich,England,what time is it at 45 ^$\circ$ E longitude?

A)2 p.m.
B)8 p.m.
C)1 a.m.
D)11 p.m.

Question 41

A map scale is the ratio between distance on the map and distance on the ground.

Question 42

For as long as geographers have made maps,the prime meridian has always gone through Greenwich,England.

Question 43

A false-color image is one on which colors do not appear natural.

Question 44

No map projection can depict shapes and areas as accurately as the globe.

Question 45

The steeper the slope,the closer together the contour lines rendering that slope.

Question 46

A geographic information system contains

A)A data input component and a data management component
B)Data manipulation functions and terrain manuals
C)Genomes and output components
D)A data analysis function and a periodic table

Question 47

Which of the following is not a thematic map type?

A)choropleth map
B)cartogram map
C)proportional symbol map
D)topographic map

Question 48

What is the angle of intersection of all parallels and meridians on the earth?

A)30%
B)45%
C)60%
D)90%

Question 49

The U.S.network of bronze markers which indicate latitude,longitude,and elevation are called

A)The Global Positioning System
B)The red states/blue states
C)Bench marks
D)Geographical Information Systems

Question 50

The art and science of map-making is called cartography.

Question 51

The Peters projection falls into which category of map

A)Equal-area
B)Conformal
C)Equidistant
D)Thematic

Question 52

No projection can provide correct shapes for large areas.

Question 53

A geographic information system (GIS)is primarily based on the use of

A)the electromagnetic spectrum.
B)remote sensing.
C)a computer.
D)a thermal scanner.

Question 54

The projection used during the Cold War to exaggerate the Communist threat by distorting the areas of countries at high latitudes

A)cartogram.
B)the Robinson projection.
C)Goode's Homolosine projection.
D)the Mercator projection.

Question 55

The International Date Line generally follows the 49^th parallel.

Question 56

The most appropriate contour interval for a relatively flat area is

A)5 feet.
B)50 feet.
C)100 feet.
D)1,000 feet.

Question 57

Which of the following are lines of constant value?

A)cartograms
B)isolines
C)GPS lines
D)projection lines

Question 58

The Peters projection attempts to promote social justice by showing the true areas of developing countries.

Question 59

As one crosses the International Date Line going westward,the calendar day should be moved

A)back one day.
B)ahead one day.
C)ahead twelve hours.
D)back twelve hours.

Question 60

Geographic information systems are used in physical geography,but not in human geography.

Question 61

What is the name of the parallel from which latitude is measured?

Question 62

What are some of the applications of geographic information systems?

Question 63

What are the trade-offs in choosing between equivalent,conformal,and equidistant map projections for small-scale display maps?

Question 64

Discuss the concepts involved in the formation of the earth's grid system.Draw and carefully label a diagram that aids your explanation.

Question 65

The United States is the only country with satellites collecting remotely sensed data on the earth.

Question 66

Discuss the concept of remote sensing.What techniques are currently used in this field? Why is remote sensing useful?

Question 67

The 24 time zones of the world are roughly centered on meridians at 15-degree intervals.

Question 68

Because maps are factual,they can never distort the truth.

Question 69

The contour intervals are much greater for flatter surfaces than for mountainous and steeper slopes.

Question 70

What are the lines of constant elevation on topographic maps called?

Question 71

What is the general term referring to collecting information about the earth using devices as aerial photography,radar,and thermal scanners?