Deck 8: Group and Team Behavior

Question 1

While classified as "informal," friendship groups can have beneficial organizational impact.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Ringelmann effect describes the inverse relationship between the size of a group or team and the magnitude of the members' individual contribution to the accomplishment of the task.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

An "expected role" is the set of behaviors that a person in a position believes he should enact.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Informal groups are natural groupings of people in the work situation,who come together in response to social needs.

Question 5

The PEM model suggests the movement from phase 1 to phase 2 is about halfway between the first meeting and the final deadline.

Question 6

Groups can simultaneously occupy more than one stage within the five-stage model of group development.

Question 7

Providing individuals credit or blame for their separate inputs,may make social loafing less likely to occur.

Question 8

The punctuated equilibrium model (PEM)presents group development as a five-phase concept ending in maturity.

Question 9

While groups can satisfy social needs,esteem needs generally cannot be met by group membership.

Question 10

The punctuated equilibrium model (PEM)presents group development as a three-phase concept with "equilibrium" as the final phase.

Question 11

The five-stage model of group development has been criticized as being too static and unrealistic.

Question 12

Assigned status within a group may have nothing to do with the formal status hierarchy.

Question 13

Norms may apply to every group member or to only some group members.

Question 14

The final stage in the five-stage model of group development is performing.

Question 15

The leadership role is not a significant factor in an informal group.

Question 16

The five-stage and PEM are equally applicable to project teams and temporary groups.

Question 17

A team is best defined as a collection of individuals in which behavior and/or performance of one member is influenced by behavior and/or performance of other members.

Question 18

As a group characteristic,"structure" applies only to formal groups.

Question 19

Cohesiveness can have positive or negative impact.

Question 20

Groupthink may result from high levels of cohesiveness.

Question 21

Pat works a number of other claims representatives to handle customer issues.This relationship may be best described as a ___________ group.

A)command
B)friendship
C)interest
D)task

Question 22

Formal and informal groups seem to possess a closeness or commonness of attitude,behavior,and performance.This closeness,referred to as ___________.

A)ash
B)attitude
C)cohesiveness
D)connectiveness

Question 23

When forming cross-functional teams,management should be primarily concerned with getting representation from all relevant departments.

Question 24

A team is a special type of a ___________ group.

A)task
B)interest
C)command
D)None of the above

Question 25

Resource allocation norms of a formal organization relate to how ___________.

A)capital requirements are satisfied
B)status symbols,pay,and promotions should be allocated
C)offices are allocated
D)raw materials are allocated

Question 26

Self-directed work teams are appropriate for every organization.

Question 27

A group of employees meets weekly at lunch to discuss their favorite fiction writers.This relationship may be best described as a ___________ group.

A)command
B)friendship
C)interest
D)task

Question 28

A professor believes he should demonstrate proper business dress in the classroom.To this professor,wearing business attire is a ___________ role.

A)perceived
B)expected
C)enacted
D)true

Question 29

Reasons groups form include all of the following except ___________.

A)proximity
B)attraction
C)economics
D)None of the above

Question 30

Joe and a collection of other students have come together to present a series of complaints to the Dean.This relationship may be best described as a ___________ group.

A)command
B)friendship
C)interest
D)task

Question 31

Jan and three peers report to a group supervisor.This relationship may be best described as a ___________ group.

A)command
B)friendship
C)interest
D)task

Question 32

The ________ role is the behavior that a person carries out.

A)perceived
B)expected
C)enacted
D)true

Question 33

In the ___________ stage of group development,group members are trying out behaviors and testing their position.

A)forming
B)storming
C)norming
D)performing

Question 34

There is a sense of togetherness or attraction to being a part of a group.This corresponds to the ___________ stage of group development.

A)forming
B)storming
C)norming
D)performing

Question 35

Managers who are contemplating whether or how best to reorganize their human resources into teams should not just assume that team diversity will automatically lead to higher performance.

Question 36

All teams exist to solve problems.

Question 37

Teams typically have reached the mature or "performing stage of development".

Question 38

All of the following are considered formal groups except ___________ groups.

A)task
B)interest
C)command
D)Both A and B

Question 39

The most basic classification of group types may be ___________.

A)formal and informal
B)command and friendship
C)work and social
D)None of the above

Question 40

The ________ role is the set of behaviors that a person in a position believes he should enact.

A)perceived
B)expected
C)enacted
D)true

Question 41

High levels of cohesiveness and closeness are a primary contributor to ___________.

A)the Ash effect
B)groupthink
C)social loafing
D)social shirking

Question 42

Joe has been promoted to be the supervisor of his former work group where he now has to direct the activities of his friends.This situation is likely to lead to ___________ conflict.

A)person-role
B)intrarole
C)interrole
D)person-organization

Question 43

Typically,the ___________ holds control over the determination and assignment of work to be performed,choice of operating procedures,and allocation of resources.

A)"new team"
B)super team
C)self-directed work team
D)skunk-team

Question 44

Teams typically increase productivity because they bring together complementary skills that fall into the following categories: ___________.

A)technical,problem-solving and interpersonal
B)technical,functional expertise,and problem-solving
C)problem-solving,decision-making skills,and interpersonal skills
D)technical and interpersonal

Question 45

You have been placed on a team made up of members from marketing,sales,research and development,engineering,and human resources to design and develop marketing plans for a new project.This team may be best described as a _____________ team.

A)challenge-solving
B)virtual
C)cross-functional
D)skunkworks

Question 46

Requirements for building successful teams include: ___________.

A)top-level commitment and provision of clear goals
B)management-employee trust
C)a commitment to training
D)All of the above

Question 47

When individuals in a group shirk or contribute less than their optimal effort they may be exhibiting _________.

A)the Ash effect
B)groupthink
C)social loafing
D)social shirking

Question 48

Jehn's studies found high levels of the social category diversity _______________.

A)may lead to major decreases in both group performance and employee morale
B)been shown to contribute to overall group effectiveness
C)were associated with higher levels of member morale-satisfaction,intent to remain,commitment,and perceived performance
D)were necessary for group success

Question 49

Feelings of mistrust between members from differing departments can cause ___________ teams can take a longer time to develop than ___________ teams.

A)problem-solving,cross-functional
B)cross-functional,problem-solving
C)problem-solving,self-directed
D)skunkwork,problem-solving

Question 50

Andy is a medical director at a local hospital.She is responsible for meeting an aggressive budget while providing indigent medical care.She may be experiencing ___________ conflict.

A)person-role
B)intrarole
C)interrole
D)person-organization

Question 51

You have been offered a position on a small team of engineers,technicians,and designers that has the goal of developing innovative new products.This team may be described as a(n)___________.

A)Ash team
B)super team
C)skunkworks
D)None of the above

Question 52

Pat is a sheriff and is tasked with enforcing eviction orders.Pat has been ordered to serve an eviction notice on the family of a childhood friend,facing that eviction due to medical issues.Pat feels that serving this eviction notice violates his personal values.This may be an example of ___________ conflict.

A)person-role
B)intrarole
C)interrole
D)person-organization

Question 53

Assigning rotating individuals to the role of devil's advocate is a means to lessen the likelihood that ___________ will occur.

A)social-loafing
B)ashthink
C)groupthink
D)intergroup conflict

Question 54

The dean believes a professor's job is to write grants,the professor believes the position is dedicated to research and the student believes professors should devote themselves to excellence in teaching.This situation is an example of __________.

A)intraperception conflict
B)different role perceptions
C)perception error
D)perception distortions

Question 55

Jehn and associates defined the concept of diversity as being comprised of three types: __________.

A)race,creed and gender
B)informational,social category,and value
C)race,gender and age
D)informational,social experience and ethical

Question 56

A highly cohesive group whose goals are not consistent with those of the formal organization can cause a great deal of ________ conflict for its members.

A)person-role
B)intrarole
C)interrole
D)person-organization

Question 57

A role may include __________.

A)attitudes and values as well as specific kinds of behavior
B)attitudes and values but not specific kinds of behavior
C)attitudes,specific kinds of behavior but not values
D)None of the above.

Question 58

Teams ___________.

A)are typically small in size (e.g.,2 to 20 individuals)
B)have members with complementary skills
C)who have reached what is referred to as the mature or performing stage of development
D)All of the above

Question 59

For the most part,___________ teams are composed of individuals from the same department or area of an organization who meet together to address and solve a specific problem.

A)problem-solving
B)virtual
C)cross-functional
D)skunkworks

Question 60

Teams have been classified in all of the following means except _________.

A)problem-solving
B)skunkworks
C)virtual
D)None of the above

Question 61

You are the CEO of a major international company with manufacturing and distribution throughout the world.You would like to capitalize on a new technology discovered by your Asian operation to develop products for introduction into the U.S.andE.U.What type of team would you form to complete this task?
Student answers will vary but should be justified by the team definitions and student assumptions regarding the situation.

Question 62

Describe the difference between groups and teams.

Question 63

Why do organizations form teams? Describe four reasons why teams may be beneficial to organizations.

Question 64

What is groupthink and the organizational characteristics which may prompt its emergence?

Question 65

What is a role? Describe the three specific and potentially conflicting roles may influence individual behavior.

Question 66

When can group cohesiveness be bad?

Question 67

What are self-directed work teams? What happens to role of management in organizations using these teams? What cautions would you provide an organization prior to introducing these teams?

Question 68

What is role conflict and what are its primary sources?

Question 69

What are four characteristics that make group membership attractive to individuals?

Question 70

What are norms? Describe the norms in this school and class.Are any of these norms harmful?

Question 71

Describe the Asch experiments.How can we use these findings to improve group outcomes? A.One after the other,the members announced their decision.The confidants had been instructed to give an incorrect response.The subject sat in the next to last seat so that all but one had given the incorrect answer before he or she provided his or her response.The average student conformed to every group response on 32 percent of the trials and 74 percent of the subjects conformed to the incorrect response at least once.
The results of the Asch experiment were astonishing,especially since the correct answer was entirely obvious.Subjects had to override the evidence they observed or provide an answer that conformed to the others.
When interviewed afterward,subjects said that they had been influenced by group pressure,not wanting to appear silly,and the need to avoid criticism from others.Each student perceived the group as a reference group that provided information through their responses on the group norms.

Question 72

Describe the leadership role in groups.How does one become an effective group leader?

Question 73

Describe four of the characteristics that can be used to describe groups.