Deck 28: ERA of Dreams and Discontent, 1960-1969

Question 1

Regarding civil rights legislation,President Kennedy

A)spearheaded several bills that were blocked by Republicans in Congress.
B)was reluctant to press forward because of southern Democratic resistance.
C)made the freedom movement his top priority.
D)completely backed off his campaign promises to extinguish Jim Crow in the South.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The first student-led civil rights organization was the

A)NAACP.
B)SNCC.
C)SDS.
D)CORE.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In 1961 the Kennedy administration authorized the Bay of Pigs invasion,which resulted in

A)the collapse of Castro's regime.
B)the taking of Guantánamo Bay,which would later become a U.S.naval base.
C)over 1,000 American soldiers being taken captive,most of whom were later released.
D)an embarrassing failure for the U.S.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Martin Luther King,Jr. ,identified ________ as the ideal place in which to intensify the freedom struggle.

A)Greensboro
B)Raleigh
C)Little Rock
D)Birmingham

Question 5

Instead of staging sit-ins,SNCC members were encouraged by President Kennedy to

A)march on Washington in a display of solidarity.
B)focus on registering black voters.
C)lobby Congress for legislative action.
D)join the freedom riders in what he believed to be a more effective form of protest.

Question 6

The Berlin Wall was constructed in the fall of 1961 by the

A)U.S.to protect American,French,and British troops stationed there.
B)U.S.on the grounds that East Berliners were fleeing to the West and must be contained.
C)Soviets on the grounds that the Western presence threatened their security.
D)Soviets to stem the tide of West Berliners from pouring into East Berlin.

Question 7

James Farmer,CORE's founder,knew that the freedom riders would likely provoke a violent reaction among some,but believed that the risk was worth it because

A)he could promote them as martyrs and win the support of church-going whites.
B)he was certain that local police would provide adequate protection.
C)the publicity would garner public support for federal action.
D)confrontation with the Ku Klux Klan was part of his organization's chief aims.

Question 8

In the Kennedy years it became vogue to question "the establishment," which referred to all of the following EXCEPT

A)social conventions.
B)the freedom movement.
C)entrenched elites.
D)political institutions.

Question 9

All of the following reforms were passed by Congress during Kennedy's administration EXCEPT for an increase in

A)the minimum wage.
B)Social Security benefits.
C)taxes.
D)federally funded urban housing.

Question 10

Kennedy's campaign included rhetoric about "closing the missile gap" with the Soviet Union,

A)and he fulfilled his promise to increase military spending even thought there was in fact no missile gap.
B)and he fulfilled his promise to increase military spending in an effort to close that gap.
C)but he did very little once in office to strengthen the U.S.militarily.
D)and once in office he proposed an increase in defense spending,even though he was actually soft on communism.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true of President John F.Kennedy?

A)His legislative record exceeded his rhetoric.
B)He offered a youthful,energetic vision for the country.
C)He was the youngest man ever elected to the U.S.presidency.
D)He appointed only the "best and brightest" men to his cabinet.

Question 12

In the early 1960s,the conflict between North and South Vietnam was considered a Cold War conflict by

A)both the Kennedy administration and the Vietnamese.
B)neither the Kennedy administration nor the Vietnamese.
C)the Vietnamese,but not the Kennedy administration.
D)the Kennedy administration,but not most Vietnamese.

Question 13

Greensboro,North Carolina,in the early 1960s was considered

A)somewhat politically progressive,with civility in relations across the color line.
B)a racially restrictive city,in which African Americans were barred from holding political office,or even voting.
C)a rare example of a southern city that had nearly eliminated Jim Crow segregation.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 14

The NBC television series Star Trek envisioned the United States as a

A)powerful nation bent on domination of the universe for its own benefit.
B)nomadic race with no terrestrial home.
C)weakened nation struggling for its own existence.
D)technologically advanced and multicultural society.

Question 15

The negotiated agreement over the Cuban Missile Crisis required that the Soviets remove the missiles in Cuba in exchange for the assurance that the U.S.would not invade Cuba and the U.S.would

A)establish a "hot line" between Moscow and Washington to avoid potential nuclear war.
B)withdraw its nuclear missiles from Turkey and Italy.
C)ban underwater and aerial nuclear testing.
D)release Soviet spies that had been captured by the CIA.

Question 16

,performed by Alvin Ailey and his American Dance Theater,

A)was a shocking depiction of the racially motivated violence of the late 1950s.
B)was a work that promoted spiritual awakening among blacks.
C)was an emotionally intense story of the black experience from slavery to the present day.
D)employed an all-black company of dancers within the conventions of modern dance.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of the American economy when Kennedy took office?

A)African Americans endured the highest poverty rate of all minorities.
B)Most Americans enjoyed a higher standard of living than their European counterparts.
C)Poverty rates had been steadily declining.
D)Poverty had become a mostly urban phenomenon.

Question 18

Which of the following options was chosen by the Kennedy administration to deal with the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A)economic incentives
B)diplomacy
C)aerial bombing
D)a naval blockade

Question 19

Police chief Eugene "Bull" Connor unleashed attack dogs and fire hoses on which of the following?

A)singing youngsters filing out of a Baptist Church
B)high school students at the Woolworth sit-in
C)freedom riders stepping off a bus
D)college students who were registering voters

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true of the sit-ins that were conducted in 1960?

A)They were coordinated by the NAACP.
B)They resulted in the arrest of thousands of protesters.
C)They represented a change,in strategy and aims,from the freedom movement of the 1950s.
D)They enraged some whites to the point of physical assault.

Question 21

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe Lyndon B.Johnson?

A)vain,loud,and aggressive
B)Kennedy's chief of staff
C)indifferent to the civil rights movement until the late 1950s
D)supporter of a New Deal-type government

Question 22

In 1963 President Kennedy pushed for legislation that

A)was intended to promote his antipoverty program.
B)would raise taxes.
C)that reflected a broad New Deal philosophy.
D)would appease southern Democrats on civil rights issues.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT true of the My Lai Massacre of 1968?

A)It remained a secret until the end of the war.
B)It was conducted in retaliation for American G.I.losses.
C)One officer was convicted of murder in relation to the incident.
D)Casualties included women and children.

Question 24

The Bill of Rights for the Disadvantaged was part of a call by African Americans for

A)freedom from discrimination.
B)desegregation.
C)voting rights.
D)social rights.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom?

A)The crowd was racially integrated.
B)King's speech was similar to one he had previously given in Detroit.
C)Folk singers Bob Dylan and Joan Baez performed.
D)SNCC chairman John Lewis spoke on the theme "Justice Now!"

Question 26

Which of the following was NOT a piece of legislation passed during President Johnson's second term?

A)Economic Opportunity Act
B)Voting Rights Act
C)Immigration and Nationality Act
D)Medicare

Question 27

Native American activist Clyde Warrior argued that his people

A)should be provided "reservation" space within urban areas.
B)had been reduced to the same condition as colonized peoples of the Third World.
C)merited exclusive fishing rights on the western coast of the United States.
D)deserved the same civil rights afforded to African Americans.

Question 28

Growth liberalism,the theory on which LBJ founded his domestic policy,included

A)higher taxes and programs to provide the poor with skill and education.
B)lower taxes and programs to provide the poor with skill and education.
C)higher taxes and New Deal-style public works programs.
D)lower taxes and New Deal-style public works programs.

Question 29

Betty Friedan

A)was a women's rights advocate.
B)was a master chef and author.
C)led in lobbying efforts for civil rights.
D)dedicated her life to urban regeneration and the elimination of poverty.

Question 30

Which of the following was a method used by young men to avoid being drafted into the war effort?

A)fleeing to Canada or Mexico
B)declaring that they were a conscientious objector
C)feigning insanity
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 31

By late 1967 less than half of the population supported the Vietnam War,which left a broad antiwar coalition that consisted of all of the following EXCEPT

A)radicals.
B)pacifists.
C)liberals.
D)neoconservatives.

Question 32

All of the following were laws passed during the Johnson years EXCEPT the

A)Wilderness Act.
B)Clean Air Act.
C)National Park Act.
D)Clean Water Act.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the SDS?

A)It consisted of mostly African American college students.
B)It was an offshoot of an older socialist organization.
C)It encouraged students to work for civil rights,nuclear disarmament,and urban relief.
D)It became the leading New Left group.

Question 34

The Warren Commission investigated

A)Martin Luther King,Jr.
B)suspected Soviet spies.
C)the Kennedy assassination.
D)KKK leaders.

Question 35

At the time of his assassination,Malcolm X was

A)revered by the Nation of Islam.
B)a strict believer in racial separatism.
C)hated among Nation of Islam leadership.
D)becoming less flexible in his views.

Question 36

In the 1960s people started to become aware of the danger of using ________ as an insecticide to eradicate malaria-bearing mosquitoes.

A)radiation
B)chlorofluorocarbons
C)thalidomide
D)DDT

Question 37

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Black Power movement?

A)It was intended to become a political force.
B)It declared the "blacks" were a superior race.
C)It led to the expulsion of white members from SNCC and CORE.
D)It became highly influential among college students.

Question 38

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution,which gave President Johnson a blank check to escalate the war in Vietnam,was precipitated by

A)the Viet Cong's intensification of attacks on South Vietnam.
B)a North Vietnamese "attack" on a U.S.destroyer.
C)public pressure to Americanize the war effort.
D)China's decision to involve themselves in the conflict.

Question 39

Johnson's vision for a Great Society,his campaign theme in the run up to the 1964 election,included expectations for all of the following EXCEPT

A)leisure time for reflection and improvement.
B)the end of poverty.
C)the elimination of racial injustice.
D)a world in which war would be eradicateD.

Question 40

The average age of U.S.soldiers in Vietnam was ________.

A)22
B)17
C)26
D)19

Question 41

The hippie counterculture expressed their critique of American society through

A)political activism.
B)music,sex,and drugs.
C)nonviolent protest in urban areas.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 42

Which of the following was NOT among the events that made 1968 a pivotal year in American history?

A)the Tet Offensive
B)the assassination of Dr.Martin Luther King,Jr.
C)President Johnson's announcement that he would run for a third term
D)violent student protests on college campuses

Question 43

The Stonewall Riots of 1969 took place in

A)San Francisco.
B)New York.
C)Chicago.
D)New Orleans.

Question 44

Which of the following was NOT among the results of the 1968 election?

A)Nixon's victory was largely attributed to his southern strategy.
B)Democrats lost important gubernatorial races.
C)Nixon beat Humphrey in electoral votes,and he also won the majority of popular votes.
D)The South widely voted for Humphrey.

Question 45

Discuss the sources and impact of the various social movements of the 1960s,including feminism,Black Power,Brown Power,Red Power,and the New Left.

Question 46

Summarize President Johnson's vision of and efforts to build a Great Society,including significant legislation passed during his presidency.

Question 47

After 1965 a younger generation of feminists emerged to insist that

A)American law was the central issue holding women back in society.
B)men's attitudes and behavior toward women must change.
C)colleges and universities open their admissions policy to include women.
D)the earlier feminism movement had gone too far in their efforts.

Question 48

Analyze the context and events that made 1968 such a pivotal year in political history.What was the cumulative impact of this social unrest on the Democratic Party in the election of that year,and how did the Republican Party channel this to achieve an electoral victory?

Question 49

By analyzing each major international event or initiative,explain how the Cold War conflict drove Kennedy's foreign policy.

Question 50

Compare and contrast the goals,motivation,and activities of the hippie counterculture movement with that of gay,lesbian,and transgendered Americans.

Question 51

Describe the escalation of the Vietnam War during Johnson's administration.Why did the war make Johnson extremely unpopular,and how did this disapproval with Johnson express itself?

Question 52

Compare and contrast the civil rights movement in the 1950s to that of the 1960s.What happened in the movement during the early 1960s that caused it to fracture and transform?

Question 53

The nomination of Hubert Humphrey at the convention in Chicago

A)appeased moderate and conservative Democrats.
B)united the Democratic Party.
C)was a unanimous decision based the number of primary votes he had won.
D)alienated liberals and leftists.

Question 54

Robert F.Kennedy was assassinated by a

A)member of the SDS.
B)Republican activist.
C)KKK sympathizer.
D)Palestinian émigré.

Question 55

The nation's first-ever rock festival was held in

A)Monterey,CaliforniA.
B)San Francisco,California.
C)Woodstock,New York.
D)Chicago,Illinois.

Question 56

Prior to the 1960s,most gay,lesbian,and transgender Americans lived "in the closet" because of

A)sodomy laws.
B)societal pressure.
C)the rejection of federal government agencies.
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT true of Cesar Chavez?

A)He was committed to nonviolence.
B)He was a devout Roman Catholic.
C)He led a successful consumer boycott of table grapes.
D)He was Mexican-born.