Deck 17: Early Alternatives to Psychoanalysis

Question 1

The collective unconscious:

A)registers the common experience that humans have had through history
B)contains archetypes
C)developed in Larmarckian fashion
D)all of these choices

Answer 1

all of these choices

Question 2

The major source of difficulty between Jung and Freud was their differing views of the libido.Freud saw the libido as ____,while Jung saw the libidinal energy as ____.

A)sexual energy;cathartic energy
B)sexual energy;a creative life force
C)creative life force;sexual energy
D)aggressive energy;growth energy

Answer 2

sexual energy;a creative life force

Question 3

Which of the following did Anna Freud consider her twin with whom/which she was in competition in her younger years?

A)her father
B)Melanie Klein
C)psychoanalysis
D)her older brother

Answer 3

psychoanalysis

Question 4

Anna Freud believed that the superego developed in the ____ stage,while Klein believed it developed in the ____ stage.

A)oral;phallic
B)phallic;oral
C)oral;anal
D)phallic;phallic

Question 5

According to Anna Freud,a person giving up his or her own life and vicariously living the life of another is called:

A)identification with aggressor
B)the Antigone syndrome
C)displacement
D)altruistic surrender

Question 6

According to Klein's theory:

A)the superego develops early in life
B)the development of the superego is determined by interactions between life and death instincts
C)the notion of good and bad and right and wrong develops during the anal stage
D)the superego develops early in life and the development of the superego is determined by interactions between life and death instincts

Question 7

Anna Freud described the transition between childhood and adolescence in terms of:

A)ego defense mechanisms
B)developmental lines
C)an infant's interactions with his or her mother's breasts
D)the interactions among the id,ago,and superego

Question 8

According to Jung,the ____ provided the feminine component of the male personality and a framework within which males can interact with females.

A)persona
B)anima
C)animus
D)shadow

Question 9

According to Anna Freud,when a person adopts the values of a feared person,it is called:

A)altruistic surrender
B)synchronicity
C)identification with the aggressor
D)displacement of the ego

Question 10

Anna Freud not only perpetuated her father's ideas,she extended them into new areas such as:

A)child analysis
B)education
C)child rearing
D)all of these choices

Question 11

Melanie Klein believed that children as young as two years of age could be psychoanalyzed by examining their:

A)dreams
B)free associations
C)play activities
D)parents

Question 12

According to Jung,the ____ consists of experiences that had either been repressed or simply forgotten..

A)ego
B)personal unconscious
C)collective unconscious
D)libido

Question 13

According to Jung,the ____ was the deepest and most powerful component of the personality.

A)ego
B)personal unconscious
C)collective unconscious
D)libido

Question 14

Which of the following did Anna Freud start?

A)individual psychology
B)collective unconscious
C)ego psychology
D)archetypal psychology

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the major characteristics of developmental lines that Anna.Freud discussed?

A)from dependency to emotional self-reliance
B)from sucking to rational eating
C)from parental control to individual control
D)from play to work

Question 16

According to Jung,the ____ provided the masculine component of the female personality and a framework within which females can interact with males.

A)persona
B)anima
C)animus
D)shadow

Question 17

Which of the following is a major difference between child and adult analysis?

A)children do not recall traumatic experiences as adults do;children display developmental experiences as they occur
B)children's problems are reflected as obstacles to normal growth
C)children discuss dreams much better than adults
D)children do not recall traumatic experiences as adults do;children display developmental experiences as they occur and children's problems are reflected as obstacles to normal growth

Question 18

According to Jung,we project the ____ onto the world as such things as devils,demons,and monsters.

A)persona
B)anima
C)animus
D)shadow

Question 19

According to Melanie Klein,notions of good and bad,and right and wrong come from:

A)an infant's interactions with his or her mother's breast during the oral stage
B)a child's religious training
C)the modeling experiences provided by a child's parents
D)the internalization of parental values during the phallic stage of development

Question 20

Sigmund Freud viewed the ego defenses as obstacles to the understanding of the unconscious,while Anna Freud viewed them ____.

A)as having independent importance
B)in the same way
C)as offering no help in understanding abnormal behavior
D)as a window into the unconscious

Question 21

According to Jung,the ____ tends to be outgoing,candid,and easily adaptable to situations.

A)introvert
B)extrovert
C)archetypical person
D)more than one of these choices

Question 22

For Jung,we have various conflicting forces within us: Once a person has recognized these,the harmonization of these forces:

A)occurs through adolescence and early adulthood
B)results in self-actualization
C)usually comes in middle age - late 30's and early 40's
D)results in self-actualization and usually comes in middle age--late 30's and early 40's

Question 23

According to Jung,____ is the process by which the various components of the personality are manifested within the context of a person's life.

A)teleology
B)displacement
C)individuation
D)thanatos

Question 24

For Jung,two or more independent events coming together in a meaningful way is called:

A)teleology
B)archetypal meaningfulness
C)actualization
D)synchronicity

Question 25

The two major orientations or attitudes described by Jung are:

A)animus and anima
B)persona and shadow
C)inferiority and superiority
D)introversion and extroversion

Question 26

According to Adler,which of the following describes the conceptual development of a child?

A)lifestyle ® guiding fictions ® worldview
B)guiding fictions ® worldview ® lifestyle
C)lifestyle ® worldview ® guiding fictions
D)worldview ® guiding fictions ® lifestyle

Question 27

Which of the following describes Adler's major disagreements with Freud?

A)sexual factors,particularly in childhood,to a minimum
B)Adler discarded repression and infantile sexuality
C)Adler discarded the unconscious
D)all of these choices were Adler's major disagreements with Freud

Question 28

Adler believed that a weakness could be converted into a strength through:

A)reaction formation
B)compensation
C)overcompensation
D)rationalization

Question 29

Jungian theory and Jung:

A)have influential followers throughout the world
B)are active through Jungian institutes in several cities
C)introduced Aristotelian notions of self-actualization into modern psychology
D)all of these choices

Question 30

According to Jung's theory,meaningful coincidence means approximately the same as which of the following?

A)individuation
B)teleology
C)synchronicity
D)self-actualization

Question 31

Adler believed that through ____,a person could adjust to a weakness in one part of his or her body by developing strengths in other parts.

A)displacement
B)compensation
C)overcompensation
D)sublimation

Question 32

The persona:

A)causes people to present their entire personality to the public
B)is a mask behind which we hide important aspects of our personality
C)is the archetype of the ideal person
D)all of these choices

Question 33

Jung referred to the harmonious blending of all aspects of the personality as:

A)self-actualization
B)nirvana
C)a peak experience
D)teleology

Question 34

Unlike Freud,Jung believed that knowing a person's goals for the future (purpose)was necessary to understand a person.This was called

A)individuation
B)teleology
C)synchronicity
D)self-actualization

Question 35

For Adler,feelings of inferiority can produce either of two results: ____ or ____,depending on one's attitude toward them.

A)a stimulus for positive growth;a stimulus for aggression
B)a stimulus for positive growth;as a disabling force
C)a source of depression;a force for anger
D)a source of disengagement;a source of humility

Question 36

Jung's theory was criticized for being all of the following except:

A)mystical
B)unscientific
C)incomprehensible
D)too dependent on sexual motivation

Question 37

For Jung,dreams were:

A)manifestations of repressed,traumatic experiences from one's lifetime
B)a means of giving expression to aspects of the psyche that were undeveloped
C)essentially meaningless
D)more or less the same for all humans

Question 38

For Jung,dream analysis:

A)provides a window to the collective unconscious
B)helps us understand the ego
C)helps determine which aspects of the psyche were being adequately expressed and which were not
D)provides a way to understand the interaction of the animus and the anima

Question 39

Adler believed that all humans started life with:

A)feelings of inferiority
B)weak organs
C)a tendency toward self-actualization
D)primordial guilt

Question 40

According to Adler,individuals who are overwhelmed by feelings of inferiority instead of being motivated by them have:

A)existential guilt
B)an inferiority complex
C)a mistaken lifestyle
D)lost their ability to overcompensate

Question 41

Horney concluded that:

A)what a person experiences socially determines whether he or she will have psychological problems
B)intrapsychic conflict (id,ego,superego)determines the probability of psychological problems
C)the cause of mental illness is in society and social interaction and therefore these factors need to be addressed in therapy
D)what a person experiences socially determines whether he or she will have psychological problems and the cause of mental illness is in society and social interaction and therefore these factors need to be addressed in therapy

Question 42

Horney concluded that the causes of mental illness were found in:

A)society and social interactions
B)unconscious sexual conflicts
C)conflicts among the id,ego,and superego
D)more than one of these choices

Question 43

Horney believed that the child has two basic needs: ____ and ____.

A)to develop a social relationship;to have biological needs satisfied
B)to be safe;to have biological needs satisfied
C)to be safe;to develop a social relationship
D)to be loved;to develop a social relationship

Question 44

Of all human relationships,Horney believed the relationship between ____ to be the most important.

A)brother and sister
B)husband and wife
C)lovers
D)parent and child

Question 45

Who claimed that anatomy was destiny?

A)Horney
B)Freud
C)Adler
D)Jung

Question 46

Horney described 3 major adjustment patterns available to neurotic people (those with basic anxiety).Which of the following is not one of the three?

A)moving toward people (compliant type)
B)moving against people (hostile type)
C)moving with people (social type)
D)moving away from people (detached type)

Question 47

According to Adler,traumatic experiences are:

A)repressed
B)interpreted in any way that suits a person's purposes
C)nonexistent
D)sought by healthy people so that they can grow from them

Question 48

Adler proposed that people are free to make choices to affect their life.This aligned him with the:

A)radical behaviorists
B)positivists
C)existentialists
D)neoFreudians

Question 49

A truly effective lifestyle contains social interest which is (according to the text)is:

A)interest in other people
B)interest in making social contacts
C)becoming an extrovert
D)working toward a society that would make a better life for everyone

Question 50

According to Horney,when a child experienced the basic evil,it initially responded with:

A)basic hostility
B)basic anxiety
C)a major adjustment pattern
D)indifference

Question 51

Horney felt the basic notions of Freud's theory:

A)may have been appropriate for his cultural history and time in history but not relevant for other times in history
B)had little relevance for people in the depression era in the U.S.
C)were basically correct in all aspects
D)both may have been appropriate for his cultural history and time in history,but not relevant for other times in history and had little relevance for people in the depression era in the U.S.

Question 52

Horney believed that women often feel inferior to men because:

A)women are physically inferior to men
B)of penis envy
C)women are culturally inferior to men
D)anatomy is destiny

Question 53

Adler departed from Freudian theory with his concept of ____,in which he claimed that humans did not need to be victims of their past,their environment,or their biological inheritance.

A)lifestyle
B)social interest
C)creative self
D)overcompensation

Question 54

When basic hostility is repressed it becomes:

A)the basic evil
B)basic anxiety
C)the feeling of being alone and helpless in a hostile world
D)both basic anxiety and the feeling of being alone and helpless in a hostile world

Question 55

Adler called any lifestyle without adequate social interest a

A)socially interested lifestyle
B)mistaken lifestyle
C)creative lifestyle
D)inferior lifestyle

Question 56

According to Adler,for a lifestyle to be truly effective,it must contain considerable:

A)anxiety
B)creativity
C)social interest
D)compensation

Question 57

According to Horney,the difference between neurotic and normal people regarding the use of major adjustment patterns was that:

A)only neurotics use them
B)only normal people use them
C)normal people use all of them as they are required by varying circumstances,whereas neurotics attempt to deal with all of life's circumstances using only one of them
D)neurotics use all of them as they are required by varying circumstances,whereas normal people attempt to deal with all of life's circumstances using only one of them

Question 58

The compliant type uses the major adjustment pattern of:

A)overcompensation
B)moving toward people
C)moving against people
D)moving away from people

Question 59

In contrast to Freud's theory,Adler's theory:

A)emphasized the conscious mind
B)emphasized social motives,not sexual motives
C)contained psychic determinism
D)both emphasized the conscious mind and emphasized social motives,not sexual motives

Question 60

Adler believed that what others referred to as the unconscious actually referred to:

A)experiences that could not be assimilated into one's personality
B)repressed memories
C)ideas that were too weak to cross the threshold of consciousness
D)countertransference

Question 61

Describe/discuss the concepts persona,shadow,animus,and anima.How does each affect human behavior?

Question 62

Anna Freud added altruistic surrender and identification with the aggressor to the traditional list of defense mechanisms,

Question 63

The two psychological attitudes for Jung were introversion and extroversion.

Question 64

Describe and discus Adler's ideas of feelings of inferiority,worldviews,guiding fictions,lifestyles,and the creative self.

Question 65

For Jung,individuation is the act of the person becoming self-sufficient.

Question 66

The collective unconscious contained the person's personal history and was easily accessible.

Question 67

Discuss Horney's ideas of basic hostility and basic anxiety,and the major adjustment patterns thatare available to people to deal with basic anxiety.

Question 68

An inherited predisposition to respond emotionally to certain categories of experience is called an archetype.

Question 69

For Klein,the mother-child relationship was of low importance.

Question 70

Discuss the conflict between Melanie Klein and Anna Freud regarding child analysis.

Question 71

For Horney,like Freud,the root of psychological problems was in intrapsyche conflict.

Question 72

For Adler,all humans begin life with feelings of inferiority.

Question 73

The major source of difficulty between Freud and Jung was the nature of the libido.

Question 74

Both Freud's and Jung's theories embraced teleology.

Question 75

Describe/discuss Jung's concept of the collective unconscious and the archetype.

Question 76

Anna Freud's views on child analysis generally prevailed over Kleins's views.

Question 77

Horney stressed cultural motivation in contrast to biological motivation.

Question 78

When basic hostility is repressed,it becomes basic anxiety.

Question 79

In Adler's theory,from the worldview comes the guiding fictions and from guiding fictions come a lifestyle.

Question 80

Adler's view of the creative self aligned him with the existential idea that humans are free to choose their own destiny.