Deck 4: Client-Centered Therapy

Question 1

The conceptual development of a concept of self is:

A)a process completed by adulthood.
B)unrelated to relationships with others.
C)absolutely indefinable operationally.
D)a fluid, changing process.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The event most commonly identified with the birth of client-centered therapy is:

A)America's involvement in World War II.
B)Maslow's creation of the hierarchy of needs.
C)Roger's presentation at the University of Minnesota.
D)Roger's association with Elizabeth Davis.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to Rogers, psychological maladjustment occurs when an individual:

A)denies significant sensory and visceral experiences.
B)obtains insight regarding current and past experiences.
C)relies on internal resources to define self-concept.
D)accepts organic experiences into the self-structure.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In developing his theory and clinical practice regarding client-centered therapy, Carl Rogers was heavily influenced by the work of:

A)Albert Ellis.
B)Kurt Goldstein.
C)Sigmund Freud.
D)Aaron Beck.

Question 5

Success in client-centered therapy corresponds with a(n):

A)rigid experiential mode.
B)dependence on the therapist.
C)devaluation of others.
D)internal locus of control.

Question 6

In Roger's personality theory, behavior is defined as:

A)the direct result of reinforcement and punishment.
B)a goal directed attempt to satisfy an organism's needs.
C)a biologically driven process of interacting.
D)fulfillment of the drives of the id, ego, and superego.

Question 7

According to Rogers, the center of an individual's world of experience is the:

A)mother.
B)father.
C)family.
D)individual.

Question 8

Prouty's pre-therapy approach is most applicable to clients who are:

A)personality disordered.
B)seeking behavioral change.
C)have limited insight.
D)developmentally delayed.

Question 9

For social purposes, reality is defined as:

A)common perceptions across individuals.
B)the private world of individual perceptions.
C)uncommon perceptions across individuals.
D)public knowledge of an individual's perceptions.

Question 10

Client-centered therapists believe that empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence are:

A)conveyed simply through listening and repeating the patient's words.
B)attitudes consonant with a therapist's values and beliefs. c variables the client brings to the therapeutic relationship.
D)attributes that can be faked while the therapist is in training.

Question 11

Client-centered therapy focuses most heavily on the:

A)present.
B)future.
C)past.
D)irrational.

Question 12

Which of the following represents a similarity between Roger's approach and Rankian theory?

A)Viewing the individual based on unconscious forces
B)Emphasis on transferential relationships
C)Allowing the client to be the central figure
D)Reliance on interpretation in therapy

Question 13

A distinctive characteristic of client-centered therapy is the emphasis on the:

A)human being as a person.
B)evolutionary development of emotions.
C)therapist's maintenance of a directive stance.
D)earliest recollections of the client.

Question 14

Gendlin's experiential therapy locates the experiencing process in the:

A)family.
B)society.
C)therapist.
D)body.

Question 15

An infant's ability to evaluate experience in terms of how it maintains or enhances them is known as:

A)self-concept.
B)self-preservation.
C)direct organismic valuing.
D)distorted symbolization.

Question 16

The University of Wisconsin study of hospitalized schizophrenics showed treatment outcome correlated highest with the:

A)therapist's perception of the therapeutic relationship.
B)client's perception of the therapeutic relationship.
C)researcher's objective ratings of therapeutic process.
D)time spent with clients who received the least empathy.

Question 17

Rogers believed an organism has one basic tendency and striving, which is:

A)a drive to seek and maintain pleasurable sensory experiences.
B)to actualize, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism.
C)fulfillment of basic needs for personal and species survival.
D)an aggressive force the individual must balance with societal needs.

Question 18

The client-centered therapist strives to use an approach that is best described as:

A)medical.
B)instrumental.
C)directive.
D)expressive.

Question 19

Which term refers to a state of wholeness and integration?

A)Empathy
B)Positive regard
C)Congruence
D)Experiencing

Question 20

If given a choice, Rogers believed most individuals would chose to be:

A)dependent.
B)sick.
C)aggressive.
D)healthy.

Question 21

In ambiguous situations, individuals tend to symbolize experiences in a manner consistent with:

A)social reality.
B)parental attitudes.
C)self-concept.
D)a therapist.

Question 22

In Lambert's meta-analytical review evaluating client-centered therapy, the outcome variable accounting for the most variance in treatment progress was:

A)core conditions.
B)therapeutic techniques.
C)placebo factors.
D)client variables.

Question 23

A client-centered therapist would likely view the diagnostic process as:

A)crucial to treatment planning.
B)a colossal waste of time.
C)vital to establishing empathy.
D)enhancing the client's locus of control.

Question 24

Zimring underscores the importance of how humans become persons within the context of their:

A)own psyche.
B)culture.
C)family.
D)psychic distress.

Question 25

If a child were raised by critical parents and unable to verbalize their own thoughts and feelings, Zimring's paradigm would suggest degradation of the:

A)subjective context.
B)family context.
C)objective context.
D)everyday world.

Question 26

In person-centered therapy, termination is decided by:

A)symptom reduction.
B)the therapist.
C)the client.
D)behavior change.

Question 27

Fully functioning individuals capable of experiencing complete emotions rely on:

A)external sources of evaluation.
B)pleasure sustaining impulses.
C)organismic valuing processes.
D)biological instincts and drives.

Question 28

For a "moment of movement," each statement is true EXCEPT which of the following?

A)The experience has the quality of being unacceptable.
B)It is an experience without barriers or inhibitions.
C)For the first time it is being experienced completely.
D)It is not a thought, but an experience at that instant.

Question 29

When a therapist is able to maintain an unaltered attitude about a patient, regardless of the patient's comments or choices, this is referred to as _______.

Question 30

Carl Rogers believed all humans had a _______ tendency, which he saw as a part of the _______ tendency of the world.

Question 31

Understanding another individual by "living" in their internal frame of reference is:

A)knowledge.
B)empathy.
C)congruence.
D)reality.

Question 32

In addition to the basic requirements of the therapeutic environment for the therapist, Rogers believed the client must focus on _______, _______ and _______.

Question 33

For Carl Rogers, _______, _______, and _______ were the three basic requirements to create a therapeutic environment.

Question 34

In the first interview, a person-centered therapist will:

A)gather historical information.
B)go where the client goes.
C)develop a treatment plan.
D)complete a diagnostic formulation.

Question 35

When asked for advice, a person-centered therapist would most likely:

A)facilitate the patient's personal decision-making.
B)provide an opinion based on empathic knowledge.
C)focus on the transferential nature of the interaction.
D)assign homework that would allow self-discovery.

Question 36

Client-centered therapy was developed by ___________.

Question 37

A successful person-centered therapy outcome would be defined by:

A)objective assessments indicating progress.
B)alleviation of symptoms representing a diagnostic label.
C)a therapist's perception that the client improved.
D)the client's evaluation that therapy was beneficial.

Question 38

The conclusion drawn from meta-analyses and large scale studies that all major psychotherapies yield comparable effect sizes is referred to as the:

A)Dodo Bird effect.
B)common factors research.
C)Zimring's paradigm.
D)client-driven model.

Question 39

The process by which an individual becomes aware of an experience is known as:

A)symbolization.
B)reality.
C)actualization.
D)experience.

Question 40

Which of the following is essential to therapy in addition to empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard?

A)Education of the client regarding therapy process
B)Client's experiencing of therapist-offered conditions
C)Periodic evaluative feedback to the client
D)Therapist's maintenance of a mask of professionalism

Question 41

Carl Rogers would view neurosis as the result of incongruence between the _________ and the _________.

Question 42

When a client is able to experience something without barriers, this is termed a __________.

Question 43

According to Bozarth's summarization of research on psychotherapy, the most consistent variables affecting therapy are _______, _______ and _______.

Question 44

Client-centered therapy would argue that behavioral changes occur through _______ factors, whereas behavioral therapy sees behavior changing through _______ factors.

Question 45

The ongoing process in which individuals freely rely on the evidence of their own sense for making value judgments is referred to as the _______.