Deck 6: Behavior Therapy

Question 1

Behaviorists view abnormal behavior as:

A)psychopathological.
B)physiologically-based illnesses.
C)governed by rules of learning.
D)the result of unconscious conflict.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The occurrence of a behavior in a situation other than where it was acquired is known as:

A)discrimination.
B)latent learning.
C)generalization.
D)shaping.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The social-cognitive theory suggests that:

A)one must uncover hypothesized hidden motives for behavior.
B)identification of defense mechanisms a person utilizes is crucial.
C)cognitions can be measured through assessment of personality characteristics.
D)individuals learn through watching the behavior of others.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

One of the only early behavior theorists to use a trait theory of personality was:

A)Skinner.
B)Eysenck.
C)Wolpe.
D)Bandura.

Question 5

A positive reinforcer should affect behavior by:

A)generally strengthening it.
B)suppressing it in most situations.
C)completely eliminating it.
D)indirectly relating it to a CS.

Question 6

Behavioral therapy often leads to improvements in areas of functioning that were not directly targeted in treatment.This is known as:

A)desensitization.
B)cognitive defusion.
C)symptom substitution.
D)generalization.

Question 7

When individuals attempt to evade negative or distressing private experiences, ACT therapists would call this:

A)cognitive defusion.
B)deflection.
C)minimization.
D)experiential avoidance.

Question 8

Which of the following represents one of the personality dimensions of the five-factor model?

A)Reactive
B)Recklessness
C)Extraversion
D)Passivity

Question 9

Behavioral theory is rooted in:

A)empiricism.
B)psychodynamics.
C)humanism.
D)eclecticism.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a personality variable espoused by Costa and McCrae?

A)Agreeableness
B)Neuroticism
C)Conscientiousness
D)Expectancies

Question 11

Avoidance of an event that produces anxiety is:

A)positively reinforcing.
B)negatively reinforcing.
C)stimulus control.
D)punishing.

Question 12

The acquisition of new knowledge and behavior by observing other people and events is called:

A)vicarious learning.
B)classical condition.
C)stimulus control.
D)operant conditioning.

Question 13

In the 1930s, Mowrer and Mowrer used behavioral principles to create a treatment approach for bed-wetting called the:

A)bell and pad.
B)punishment diaper.
C)reward crib.
D)classical sleep bell.

Question 14

A behavioral therapist focuses on the antecedents and consequences associated with a behavior.Which approach is the therapist utilizing?

A)Mindfulness b Cognitive defusion
C)Functional analysis
D)Vicarious learning

Question 15

The development of systematic desensitization is credited to:

A)J.Wolpe.
B)M.C.Jones.
C)A.A.Lazarus.
D)A.Bandura.

Question 16

Classical conditioning is viewed as the pairing of conditioned stimuli with unconditioned stimuli and the process of learning:

A)punishment follows the conditioned stimuli.
B)reinforcement follows the unconditioned stimuli.
C)correlational or contingent relationships are present.
D)a relationship does not exist between stimuli.

Question 17

When the Society of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association developed a list of the most efficacious, empirically based treatment approaches, which therapy approach dominated the list?

A)Psychoanalytic
B)Analytical
C)Behavioral
D)Family systems

Question 18

Behavioral approaches considered part of the "Third Wave" include:

A)rational emotive therapy.
B)cognitive therapy.
C)dialectical behavioral therapy.
D)multimodal therapy.

Question 19

The first figure linked with the rise of behaviorism in the United States in the early 1900s was:

A)J.Wolpe.
B)I.Pavlov.
C)H.J.Eysenck.
D)J.B.Watson.

Question 20

According to behavioral theory, a person would be predicted to act consistently across situations:

A)because personality traits are viewed as stable.
B)if similar behavior leads to similar consequences.
C)even if rewards were increased for different behavior.
D)even if rewards were decreased for the same behavior.

Question 21

Studies assessing the treatment efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) across disorders suggest:

A)manualized-based approaches are superior.
B)relapse was common if CBT was used alone.
C)psychoanalytical approaches were superior to CBT.
D)CBT has the most empirical support.

Question 22

Dialectical behavioral therapy focuses on the balance between _________ and _______.

Question 23

Behavioral therapists view assessment as a(n):

A)unnecessary component to treatment.
B)process completed during the first session.
C)continuous process throughout therapy.
D)reliable technique when projectives are used.

Question 24

In contrast to psychoanalysts, behavior therapists are:

A)less genuine.
B)less disclosing.
C)past-oriented.
D)more directive.

Question 25

A therapist attempts to assist a patient with anorexia nervosa by encouraging her to face her anxieties about eating directly.This approach is consistent with the ACT concept of addressing _______.

Question 26

Some behaviorists reject theories of personality, but others recognize that the data regarding traits is convincing.An example of a model that many behaviorists might accept is Costa and McCrae's _____________ model.

Question 27

A significant challenge to overcome when conducting behavioral observations is:

A)reactivity.
B)unconsciousness.
C)prejudice.
D)intellectualization.

Question 28

A behavior therapist would NOT typically ask which of the following questions?

A)What?
B)When?
C)Why?
D)Where?

Question 29

_______ is usually associated with the development of the social cognitive theory.

Question 30

In an initial assessment, which of the following factors would be LEAST important in establishing a treatment plan?

A)Coping skills the client maintains
B)Current reinforcement contingencies
C)Client's perception of the problem
D)Early childhood experiences

Question 31

Behaviorists recommend that treatment outcome be assessed through:

A)multiple projective and objective techniques.
B)subjective measures completed by the client.
C)only therapist's ratings of success.
D)multiple, objective and subjective measures.

Question 32

Exposure therapy primarily involves:

A)immediately confronting a client with an intense anxiety situation.
B)incrementally exposing a client to anxiety-producing stimuli.
C)modeling for the client how to substitute assertive behavior for anxiety.
D)using an unpleasant consequence such as shock when anxiety is experienced.

Question 33

Which of the following techniques would a behavioral therapist be LEAST likely to use?

A)Role-playing
B)Free association
C)Guided imagery
D)Self-monitoring

Question 34

Exposure therapy that involves purposely inducing physical sensations in the body is known as:

A)imaginal exposure.
B)interoceptive exposure.
C)reorientation therapy.
D)marginal conditioning.

Question 35

Which of the following assessment techniques would yield the best functional analysis for a behavioral therapist?

A)Direct behavioral observation
B)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2
C)Beck Depression Inventory-II
D)Projective tests

Question 36

In behavioral therapy, the goals are ultimately set by the:

A)diagnosis.
B)family.
C)client.
D)therapist.

Question 37

A _______ schedule of reinforcement yields the highest rate of response and the greatest resistance to extinction.

Question 38

_______________ is a reinforcement based strategy in which the client's environment is changed so that unwanted behaviors are no longer reinforced.

Question 39

In a 2005 study, Hinton and colleagues found that Cambodian refugees with PTSD:

A)would not trust a CBT approach because it felt controlling.
B)could be successfully treated with CBT.
C)had culturally specific beliefs that decreased prognosis.
D)responded most effectively to reinforcement.

Question 40

A research design that begins with a baseline period followed by an intervention followed by withdraw of the intervention with possible later reintroduction is known as:

A)a manual based approach.
B)actuarial judgment.
C)reversal design.
D)single case study.

Question 41

In the treatment of anxiety disorders _______ techniques are often used, such as diaphragmatic breathing.

Question 42

To treat a patient with a phobia, a therapist helps the patient develop a hierarchy of anxiety producing situations and then helps the patient face those situations.This is termed _______.

Question 43

In order to help a patient quit smoking, a therapist asks the patient to record what they were doing before smoking and how they feel afterwards. This is an example of using a _______ technique.

Question 44

Another term for a punishment-based strategy such as giving a patient with alcoholism Antabuse so he vomits if he drinks is _______.