Deck 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem

Question 1

Intravenous drug users have higher than average rates of HIV infection, but even higher rates of which of the following?

A) Hepatitis c
B) Herpes simplex.
C) Staphylococcus infection.
D) ADHD.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

DAWN data provides all of the following EXCEPT

A) Information about which drugs are associated with the greatest number of deaths.
B) Clear measures of the toxicity of individual drugs.
C) Data regarding problems associated with alcohol in combination.
D) General information about trends in drug-related deaths.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which term describes when the use of a substance makes normal activities such as driving result in harmful accidents?

A) Behavioural tolerance
B) Drug misuse
C) Behavioural toxicity
D) Laissez-faire

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In 2011, what was the most common type of drug mentioned in the Drug-Related Deaths Reports?

A) GHB
B) Prescription Opioids (not heroin)
C) Marijuana
D) Methamphetamine

Question 5

In the early 1900s, the Canadian government had essentially NO laws regulating the sale and use of drugs. In general the government took a "hands-off" approach that has been referred to as which of the following?

A) Criminal
B) Laissez-faire
C) Variable
D) Irresponsible

Question 6

In what year did the first official needle exchange program begin in Canada?

A) 1969
B) 1979
C) 1989
D) 1999

Question 7

In what city did the first official needle exchange program begin in Canada?

A) Toronto
B) Montreal
C) Winnipeg
D) Vancouver

Question 8

All of the following have universally determined the development of drug laws EXCEPT which one?

A) Crime
B) International trade
C) Dependence
D) Toxicity

Question 9

The text lists three concerns that led to the adoption of the first laws regulating what we now call controlled substances. Which of these was NOT one of the three?

A) High profits for drug sellers
B) Toxicity
C) Dependence
D) Association of drug users with crime

Question 10

In what year did Canada enact its first drug law?

A) 1892
B) 1902
C) 1908
D) 1918

Question 11

Which term describes why the capacity of a drug dose has a diminished effect on the user as it is repeatedly taken?

A) Dependence
B) Rebound effect
C) Tolerance
D) Withdrawal

Question 12

After Rita returns from her first narcotics support group she learns that physical dependence requires the existence of which of the following?

A) A physical change in skin colour
B) A craving for the drug
C) A set of physical withdrawal symptoms
D) A physical response to the drug

Question 13

What is the Drug Abuse Warning Network?

A) A system of free public-service announcements.
B) A voluntary organization for teachers and police officers.
C) It monitors drug-related medical emergencies.
D) It monitors arrest rates for various drug-law violations.

Question 14

Acute drug effects are those that

A) are dangerous.
B) are caused by the immediate presence of the drug in the body.
C) are unrelated to dose.
D) last more than a day.

Question 15

Which of the following has consistently been near the top of emergency room visits and drug-related deaths lists for many years?

A) Alcohol in combination
B) Marijuana
C) Methamphetamine
D) Ecstasy (MDMA)

Question 16

John has been using his drug of choice for many months. He informs his friend that he now required a larger dose to achieve the "buzz" he likes. What term describes what John is experiencing?

A) Acute toxicity
B) Dependence
C) Rebound effect
D) Tolerance

Question 17

According to your text which of the following percentages reflects the number of injecting drug users who have a HCV infection?

A) 42% to 49%
B) 52% to 59%
C) 62% to 69%
D) 72% to 79%

Question 18

Mary told her drug therapist that she has become psychological dependent. What fact will her therapist pursue to determine the accuracy of her statement?

A) Does she have cravings?
B) Does she have a heightened sense of well-being?
C) Does she experience a heightened sensitivity to pain?
D) Does she have physical withdrawal symptoms?

Question 19

Which is an example of chronic physiological toxicity?

A) Lung cancer from smoking
B) Motivational syndrome
C) Paranoia from methamphetamine use
D) Respiratory arrest from an alcohol overdose

Question 20

In comparing the relative toxicity of marijuana and cocaine, what important fact should be taken into account?

A) The user's gender and weight.
B) Availability and price.
C) Urban vs. rural environment.
D) That many more people use marijuana than use cocaine.

Question 21

The DSM-5 does not define addiction as such, but has diagnostic criteria for

A) Habituation
B) Substance-related disorders
C) Chronic intoxication
D) Drug-associated bipolar disorder

Question 22

Which drug is MOST recognized as contributing to crimes and violence?

A) Alcohol
B) Heroin
C) Marijuana
D) Cocaine

Question 23

The drugs to which people are most likely to develop psychological (behavioural) dependence are also generally found to have which of the following?

A) Stimulant effects
B) Pain-relieving effects
C) Sedative effects
D) Reinforcing effects in laboratory animals

Question 24

Which of these substances is listed as having a "very high" dependence potential?

A) LSD
B) Marijuana
C) Alcohol
D) Crack cocaine

Question 25

Substance-related disorders, defined by the DSM-5, encompass how many separate classes of drugs?

A) 7
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15

Question 26

Which of the following describes the potential to become dependent upon a psychoactive drugs spectrum, beginning with the highest risk substance to the least likely?

A) Mescaline, Morphine, Caffeine
B) Morphine, Caffeine, Alcohol
C) Morphine, Diazepam, Marijuana
D) Alcohol, Mescaline, Marijuana

Question 27

In an annual study done by the U.S. Justice Department, people arrested for various crimes are given urine tests to detect the presence of drugs. In 2003, what percentage of the adult male arrestees tested positive for at least one illicit drug?

A) 90
B) 67
C) 40
D) 25

Question 28

A series of experiments conducted in the 1960s used laboratory animals that were given intravenous catheters connected to motorized syringes and controlling equipment, so that when they pressed a lever they would produce a single brief injection of which drug?

A) Liquid cocaine
B) Morphine
C) Heroin
D) LSD

Question 29

Those who have received a "personality disorder" diagnosis, such as antisocial personality disorder

A) have an increased likelihood of also having a substance use disorder.
B) are neither more nor less likely to have a substance use disorder.
C) are actually less likely to be dependent on a substance.
D) are often given stimulant drugs as a treatment for the personality disorder.

Question 30

Very early in the 20^th century the Canadian government regulated, and made a profit from, the production of opium.

Question 31

As views of substance dependence have changed based on scientific research, what is now believed to be the real driving force behind repeated excessive drug use?

A) Psychological dependence, based on reinforcement.
B) Physical dependence, caused by tolerance.
C) An allergic reaction to the substance.
D) Unmet psychological needs in early childhood.

Question 32

At the present time, approximately what percent of federal inmates in Canada are incarcerated as a result of drug offences?

A) 1/5
B) 1/2
C) 1/8
D) 3/4

Question 33

How do Alcoholics Anonymous members (AA) often describe alcohol?

A) Blissful
B) Cunning
C) Disempowering
D) Mysterious

Question 34

What does the presence of withdrawal syndromes indicate?

A) Physical dependence
B) Chronic behavioural disorder
C) Tolerance
D) Craving

Question 35

In determining whether using a drug causes people to become criminals, what is important to remember?

A) There is no statistical relationship between crime and illicit drug use.
B) Most illicit drugs cause damage to the areas of the brain responsible for understanding right from wrong.
C) Longitudinal studies find that indicators of criminal or antisocial behaviour usually occur before the first use of any illicit drug.
D) Consistent personality changes are likely with even a few exposures to heroin or cocaine.

Question 36

What drug was being described with the famous quote "The Real Public Enemy Number One"?

A) Crack cocaine
B) Marijuana
C) Opium (smoked)
D) Cocaine powder (snorted)

Question 37

Which of the following is a personality trait that has frequently been associated with greater risk for abuse of stimulants, such as amphetamine or cocaine?

A) Introversion
B) Pessimism
C) Sensation seeking
D) Shyness

Question 38

Brain scan studies with drug users

A) can show which people have developed dependence and which have not.
B) can predict which people will later develop dependence.
C) so far can only show changes in response to drug administration.
D) are very strong predictors of alcohol use, but not for other substances.

Question 39

A series of experiments conducted in the 1960s used laboratory animals that were given intravenous catheters connected to motorized syringes and controlling equipment so that by pressing a lever would produce a single brief drug injection. Which describes the animal(s) that were used?

A) Rats
B) Monkeys and rats
C) Monkeys
D) Pigeons and mice

Question 40

The term "laissez-faire" refers to the tendency of news media to sensationalize drug problems.

Question 41

Needle exchange programs began in Canada in 1989; however the programs were found to have little impact on the rate of HIV infection among intravenous drug users and were too expensive an initiative to continue.

Question 42

Until the twentieth century, what was the most common model regarding drug dependency, and how would you describe it?

Question 43

Our best estimate is that tobacco cigarettes were associated with over 37,000 deaths in Canada in 2002.

Question 44

Chronic drug effects refer to those that are due to prolonged exposure to the drug.

Question 45

What do the letters DAWN stand for, when was it established and what does it do?

Question 46

Typically about half of the emergency room visits involve more than one substance.

Question 47

In Canada, it is estimated that there are between 75,000 and 125,000 intravenous drug users (IDUs).

Question 48

What three different principal concerns throughout the twentieth century have universally driven the development of drug laws throughout the twentieth century?

Question 49

In Canada, approximately how many intravenous drug users have been identified?

Question 50

In a recent study investigating the cost of substance abuse in Canada, it was estimated that 10% of all criminal offences were attributable to alcohol.

Question 51

The commission of crimes by drug users is due in large part to a pharmacological effect of the drug itself that causes the user to believe he/she is invincible.

Question 52

No genetic, physiological, or biochemical marker has been found that definitively predicts drug dependence.

Question 53

Physical dependence is defined by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped.

Question 54

What does the word toxic mean?

Question 55

The drugs that are most likely to lead to dependence are the ones that have reduced effects after repeated use.

Question 56

Substance-related disorders, defined by the DSM-5, encompass 5 separate classes of drugs: alcohol.

Question 57

Longitudinal studies find that indicators of criminal or antisocial behaviour usually occur earlier in life than the first use of an illicit drug.

Question 58

Up until the twentieth century, the most common view was probably that dependent individuals were weak willed, lazy, or immoral.

Question 59

In 2005, methamphetamine was the leading drug associated with emergency-room visits.

Question 60

The DAWN system tells us exactly how many deaths are caused by a specific drug each year.

Question 61

What is meant by the term "starting a prairie fire"?

Question 62

Describe the implications of the Positive Reinforcement Model in explaining repeated drug use.

Question 63

Describe several ways in which people have thought that drug use might be a cause of criminal behaviour.

Question 64

Explain the difference between physical dependence on a drug and psychological dependence on a drug.

Question 65

Although there is some question as to whether the direct influence of illicit drugs produces a person more likely to engage in criminal or violent behaviour, there has been less doubt about alcohol. Provide some recent statistics that support that statement.

Question 66

Discuss the relative toxicity dangers of alcohol and cocaine, as revealed by the DAWN system.

Question 67

Explain what is meant by a drug's "dependence potential."