Deck 1: Drug Use: An Overview

Question 1

What were the questions who, what, why, when, where, how, and how much introduced to do?

A) Understand the dependence potential of a drug.
B) Help us evaluate whether a particular type of drug use is a problem.
C) Determine the toxicity of a drug.
D) Track arrest data for drug law violations.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which term refers to a state in which an individual uses a drug so frequently and consistently that it would be difficult for the person to get along without using the drug?

A) Addiction
B) Dependence
C) Abuse
D) Tolerance

Answer 2

B

Question 3

How long have drugs played a significant role in human society?

A) for thousands of years
B) for about the past 200 years
C) since the 1920s
D) only since the 1960s

Answer 3

A

Question 4

If a substance is consistently used in a particular kind of situations (e.g., at parties, as opposed to when one is alone), what can it help us understand?

A) The amount of the substance being used.
B) The type of substance being used.
C) The reason the substance is being used.
D) Who is using the substance?

Question 5

All of the following EXCEPT which one, are examples of harm reduction measures reflected in Canada's Drug Strategy, to reduce the damage associated with alcohol and drugs?

A) Television educational campaigns
B) Safe injection sites
C) Methadone maintenance therapy
D) Syringe exchange programs

Question 6

One of the four principles of psychoactive drugs is that every drug has "____________."

A) effects on the heart
B) impurities
C) multiple effects
D) mind altering potential

Question 7

Despite the limitations of survey questionnaires, when can they be informative?

A) If they are done year after year, because we can then look for changes over time.
B) If they seek information regarding those who are not included in the survey.
C) If they ask questions regarding alcohol use, because it is not illegal.
D) If they ask about the misuse of prescription drugs.

Question 8

How does the text define a drug that is unlawful to possess or use?

A) An illicit drug.
B) A narcotic.
C) An addictive drug.
D) An abused drug.

Question 9

Which term describes a situation when a person's reaction to a psychopharmaceutical drug (such as a painkiller) decreases so that larger doses are required to achieve the same effect?

A) Addiction
B) Dependence
C) Abuse
D) Tolerance

Question 10

For the past 40 years the media has been reporting on drug use ranging from methamphetamine to ecstasy to glue sniffing. How have these various examples been described in the media?

A) The "drug du jour"
B) Drug use: a laissez-faire reality
C) Drugs that are always bad drugs
D) Drug use by celebrities

Question 11

The Government of Canada addresses the public health concern of substance abuse with its Canada's Drug Strategy (CDS), by using a broad four-component approach. It includes all of the following EXCEPT which one?

A) Education
B) Medical intervention
C) Harm reduction
D) Enforcement

Question 12

In the past 100 years, the introduction of vaccines to prevent diseases and antibiotics to cure some types of infections laid the foundation for

A) illicit drug markets.
B) our acceptance of medicines as the cornerstone of our health care system.
C) many dangerous drug interactions.
D) the "war on drugs."

Question 13

A survey completed regarding drug use and Aboriginals living on reserves in Canada reported that most youth who tried solvents did so by which age?

A) ten years
B) eleven years
C) thirteen years
D) fourteen years

Question 14

One of the four principles of psychoactive drug use is that

A) all psychoactive drugs should be banned.
B) most people are unable to control their own drug use.
C) every drug has an opposite drug that can counteract it.
D) drugs, per se, are not good or bad.

Question 15

Because drugs alter consciousness and thought processes, the affects experienced will depend on which of the following?

A) Expectations
B) Attitudes
C) Individual history
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 16

Which of the four principles of psychoactive drug use would state; "the effect of any psychoactive drug depends on ___________________."

A) the individual's history and expectations
B) its legal status
C) the user's diet
D) the user's unique brain chemistry

Question 17

Much of our information regarding drug use comes from survey questionnaires. What is one important limitation of questionnaires?

A) The sample sizes are too small.
B) People might not answer honestly.
C) The people who do the studies are biased.
D) The questionnaires don't ask questions about illicit drug use.

Question 18

How a drug exists is an important fact to consider. For instance, compared to smoking cocaine in the form of "crack", how will Indigenous South Americans who chew coca leaves absorb cocaine?

A) Quickly over a short period of time.
B) Slowly over a short period of time.
C) Slowly over a long period.
D) Quickly and continuously over a long period.

Question 19

Which term is used to describe, the use of a substance in a manner, amount, or situation such that the drug causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring?

A) Addiction
B) Dependence
C) Abuse
D) Tolerance

Question 20

The 2004 Canadian Campus Survey (CCS), revealed what percentage of the Canadian undergraduate, population had used Cannabis within the previous 12 months period?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 21

Which of the following describes one of the most important risk factors for drug use?

A) Having friends who use marijuana or other substances.
B) Being heavily involved in extracurricular activities.
C) Having lots of money.
D) Believing that your parents are a source of social support.

Question 22

What is one of the most important protective factors for drug use?

A) Having to work for your spending money.
B) Having been punished for fighting.
C) Knowing adults who use drugs.
D) Believing that there are strong sanctions against substance use at school.

Question 23

Some drugs have the effect that every time you take the drug, the probability that you will take it again increases slightly. What is this process referred to as?

A) Reinforcement
B) Altered perception
C) Addiction
D) Drug misuse

Question 24

One very consistent finding is that students who report ______________________ are less likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, or use any type of illicit drug.

A) having high self-esteem
B) being well-off financially
C) having more involvement with religion
D) having lots of friends

Question 25

When considering gender, socioeconomic status, and level of education, there has been a consistent finding over many studies. Which of the following describes the outcome?

A) Males are more likely to drink alcohol and smoke marijuana, than are females.
B) Males are more likely to drink alcohol, but females are more likely to smoke marijuana, than are males.
C) Females are more likely to drink alcohol, but males are more likely to smoke marijuana, than are females.
D) Females are more likely to drink alcohol and smoke marijuana, than are males.

Question 26

Which type of factor probably plays a bigger role in determining whether a person will try a drug in the first place, opposed to determining which of those who try it will become dependent?

A) Genetics
B) Personality
C) Individual reaction to the drug
D) Social conditioning

Question 27

When adolescents have a socially supportive family, are interested in school and sports activities and perceive marijuana use being strongly opposed by their school, these factors correlate with lower rates of marijuana use which are commonly referred to as what?

A) Antecedents
B) Causal factors
C) Deviates
D) Protective factors

Question 28

The OSDUHS, which today interviews thousands of students every second year from elementary and secondary schools across Ontario was originally launched in which year?

A) 1977
B) 1989
C) 1999
D) 2004

Question 29

The Canadian Campus Survey indicated that between 1998 and 2004 the use of cannabis declined in the Western provinces but increased where in Canada?

A) Quebec
B) Ontario
C) British Columbia
D) Atlantic Canada

Question 30

Comparing adolescents who smoke cigarettes with those who do not, and then looking at later adoption of marijuana use, cigarette smokers are about twice as likely as non-smokers to later use marijuana. For this reason, what have cigarettes been referred to as?

A) Addictive
B) A gateway substance
C) A conduit
D) A correlate

Question 31

Which Canadian survey examining trends in drug use, has been conducted every year since 2008?

A) Canadian Addiction Survey
B) Canadian Campus Survey
C) Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey
D) The National Survey of Drug use in Canada

Question 32

When considering gender, socioeconomic status, and level of education, there has been a consistent finding over many studies. Which of the following describes the outcome?

A) There is a very small, almost an insignificant difference between a person's education level and the amount of alcohol they drink.
B) People who completed only high school are more likely to drink more alcohol, than those who complete postsecondary education and university degrees.
C) People with higher levels of education are somewhat less likely to use marijuana.
D) People with higher levels of education are somewhat more likely to use marijuana.

Question 33

What is one personality variable that has been consistently associated with higher rates of substance dependence?

A) Low self-esteem
B) Extraversion
C) High impulsivity
D) Passivity

Question 34

Much of the research on correlates of drug use has used which substance as an indicator?

A) Solvents
B) Methamphetamine
C) Marijuana smoking
D) Steroids

Question 35

Which of the following statements describes the group most likely to be drug users in adulthood?

A) Males who are aggressive in early elementary school
B) Females who are aggressive in early elementary school
C) Males who are considered "loners and withdrawn" in early elementary school
D) Females who are considered "loners and withdrawn" in early elementary school

Question 36

Personality may have some predictive value by indicating whether someone does which of the following?

A) Experiments with drugs.
B) Abstains from drug use.
C) Uses drugs socially.
D) Develops an addiction.

Question 37

When adolescents have friends and know adults who smoke marijuana, what are these influences identified as?

A) Causal factors
B) Drug profiles
C) Risk factors
D) Weaknesses

Question 38

Compared to young adults who only finished high school, those with university degrees are more likely to do which of the following?

A) Use cocaine.
B) Drink alcohol.
C) Smoke marijuana.
D) Report similar rates of use of most substances.

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of a longitudinal study of drug use?

A) Surveying high-school seniors every year.
B) Following each individual throughout the entire day.
C) Sampling drug use from different parts of the country.
D) Following the same group of people at intervals over several months or years.

Question 40

Accordingly to the 2013 OSDUHS results, what substance was the most commonly used illicit drug?

A) Hallucinogens
B) Methamphetamine
C) Cannabis
D) Cocaine

Question 41

Being willing to fight seems to be an important protective factor against substance use.

Question 42

Illicit drug is a term used to refer to a drug that is unlawful to possess or use.

Question 43

Which three demographics have been used when analyzing the "who uses drugs?"

Question 44

What do the abbreviations CCS and OSDUHS stand for, and what are they?

Question 45

Which of the following describes what most drug users are seeking?

A) Reduction of emotion pain
B) Need to fit in
C) An altered state of consciousness
D) Need to rebel

Question 46

The media in the 1990s shone a light on children in Davis Inlet, which brought about worldwide attention. Identify and describe the alarming facts revealed at that time?

Question 47

According to the findings reported in your text, who is more likely to use illegal drugs and alcohol?

Question 48

What does drug Reinforcement mean?

Question 49

In general most Canadians do not see a strong link between the availability of drugs and Canada's problems related to drug use.

Question 50

What does the research regarding religion and drug use describe?

Question 51

If John wants to enhance the likelihood he hires someone who is more likely to NOT smoke marijuana, research considering gender, socioeconomic status, and level of education would suggest he hire a female with a university education.

Question 52

Impulsivity is one personality factor that is associated with higher rates of substance abuse and dependence.

Question 53

There are some drugs that we should just define as being bad drugs.

Question 54

Describe Harm Reduction and how it has been used as an initiative by Canada's Drug Strategy to reduce the damage associated with alcohol and other drugs?

Question 55

Illicit drug use among students from grade 7 through 12 increased between 2003 and 2009.

Question 56

Drug misuse generally refers to the use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts than, or for purposes other than, those prescribed by a physician or dentist.

Question 57

We can get an idea of why someone is using a drug by examining when and where he or she uses it.

Question 58

Every drug has multiple effects.

Question 59

Describe the term "drug du jour"?

Question 60

The Harm Reduction model of drug treatment accepts that there may be other acceptable outcomes than drug abstinence.

Question 61

Discuss how personality variables relate to substance use.

Question 62

What is meant by risk and protective factors for substance use? Provide at least two examples of each.

Question 63

What has the research revealed regarding Religion and Drug Use?

Question 64

Explain the differences among the definitions of drug misuse, drug abuse, and harm reduction.

Question 65

Describe the differences between drug dependence and tolerance.

Question 66

What is meant by the term "gateway substance"? Provide an example of a gateway substance? What is wrong with assuming that use of a gateway substance causes increased use of other substances?

Question 67

It is important to monitor which illicit drugs are widely used and whether their use is increasing or decreasing. Describe the most important sources of information we have about drug use in Canada and the major limitations of that kind of information.