Deck 7: Explaining Drug Use

Question 1

Which of the following sociological theories of deviance-and hence,illicit drug use,abuse-has been disconfirmed,that is,evidence has demonstrated more or less conclusively and definitively that it is false?

A) social learning and subculture theory
B) social disorganization theory
C) social control and self-control theories
D) selective interaction/socialization theory
E) none of the above; all explain at least some part of the drug use/abuse picture

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following theories emphasizes the deteriorated conditions of the community or neighborhood as major the explanation for deviance,crime,delinquency,and drug abuse?

A) social control theory
B) self-control theory
C) social learning and subculture theory
D) anomie theory
E) social disorganization theory

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The social control theory of deviance,crime,and illicit drug use focuses on the following factor:

A) socialization into deviant values
B) hegemony by the powerful to shape laws and social control to their advantage
C) the actor's stake in conformity
D) the disjunction between the goal of success and the legitimacy of the means to achieve that success
E) the recent decay of the American economic structure,which reduces the likelihood of social mobility for people at the bottom of the socioeconomic hierarchy

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following theories emphasizes the absence of bonds to conventional society as a major explanation for deviance,crime,delinquency,and drug abuse?

A) self-control theory
B) social control theory
C) social learning and subculture theory
D) anomie theory
E) social disorganization theory

Question 5

Which of the following theories emphasizes deviant socialization as the major explanation for deviance,crime,delinquency,and drug abuse?

A) social control theory
B) self-control theory
C) social learning and subculture theory
D) anomie theory
E) social disorganization theory

Question 6

Routine activities theory emphasizes a motivated offender,a suitable target,and:

A) the anomic conditions of modern industrial society
B) a deviant subculture
C) the inherent reinforcement of the deviant act
D) the absence of a capable guardian
E) negative reinforcement in the form of punishment

Question 7

In the social sciences,a theory is:

A) a guess
B) an incorrect assertion
C) a denial that something took place
D) a reasoned,empirically-based explanation for a set of events or condition
E) none of the above

Question 8

Anomie argues that drug dealers and sellers make use of the following adaptation to society's means to achieve the goal or success:

A) innovation
B) conformity
C) ritualism
D) retreatism
E) rebellion

Question 9

Which of the following is a "kinds of people" theory:

A) conflict theory
B) social disorganization theory
C) biological theories
D) anomie theory
E) subculture theory

Question 10

Hundreds of years ago,the dominant or most popular explanation of wrongdoing or untoward behavior was:

A) genetic factors
B) social causes
C) an aberrant personality
D) the overconsumption of alcohol
E) demonology-possession by the devil or evil spirits

Question 11

Which of the following theories of deviance,crime,delinquency,and drug abuse bills itself as the "general theory of crime"?

A) social disorganization theory
B) anomie theory
C) self-control theory
D) social control theory
E) learning theory

Question 12

Which of the following theories emphasizes a disjunction between means and ends as the major explanation for deviance,crime,delinquency,and drug abuse?

A) social control theory
B) self-control theory
C) social learning and subculture theory
D) anomie theory
E) social disorganization theory

Question 13

Anomie theory argues that drug addicts use the following adaptation to society's means to achieve the goal of success?

A) innovation
B) conformity
C) ritualism
D) retreatism
E) rebellion

Question 14

Which of the following theories hold that deviant,criminal,and delinquent behavior (such as drug abuse)are simply "doing what comes naturally" and do not require an explanation; what needs explaining is why people do not deviate from society's norms,rules,and laws?

A) social learning and subculture theories
B) social disorganization theory
C) social control and self-control theories
D) problem-behavior proneness
E) anomie theory

Question 15

Conflict theory emphasizes which of the following factors in explaining deviance,crime,delinquency,and drug abuse?

A) community or neighborhood disorganization
B) the influence of unconventional peer groups
C) differences in power among socioeconomic strata
D) the absence of bonds to conventional society
E) inadequate parenting

Question 16

Which of the following theories emphasizes inadequate parenting as the major explanation for deviance,crime,delinquency,and drug abuse?

A) social control theory
B) self-control theory
C) social learning and subculture theory
D) anomie theory
E) social disorganization theory

Question 17

Metabolic imbalance theory most commonly attempts to account for one particular type of drug use:

A) marijuana use
B) cocaine abuse
C) narcotic addiction
D) alcoholism
E) methamphetamine abuse

Question 18

Anomie theory regards the drug addict as a:

A) "single failure"
B) "double failure"
C) "triple failure"
D) "quadruple failure"
E) none of the above

Question 19

Reinforcement theories of drug use and abuse focus:

A) entirely on positive reinforcement
B) entirely on negative reinforcement
C) on both positive and negative reinforcement
D) neither on positive nor on negative reinforcement
E) none of the above

Question 20

According to social control theory,what is one of the major causes of illicit drug use?

A) an aberrant personality structure
B) the absence of a stake in conformity to the norms of conventional society
C) an attempt at self-medication
D) the anomie that prevails in modern,industrial society
E) reinforcement of the administration of a psychoactive substance

Question 21

In the United States over the past four decades,income inequality-according to some theories,a major factor associated with deviance,crime,and drug abuse-has:

A) increased
B) deceased
C) remained the same
D) fluctuated wildly and erratically from year to year
E) none of the above

Question 22

"Why should people conform? After all,it's so much more fun and rewarding to deviate from society's norms and laws?" An advocate of which of the following theories would agree most strongly with this statement?

A) anomie theory
B) control theory
C) subculture theory
D) problem-behavior proneness
E) social disorganization theory