Deck 9: Basic Elements of Individual Behavior in Organizations

Question 1

The extent to which the contributions of a manager match the inducements given by the organization is called the happiness factor.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator suggests the more introverted,sensing,feeling,and perceiving an employee is the better his performance at work will be.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

When Kavon says,"I am going to quit this company and look for another job," he is expressing the affective component of his attitude toward his work.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Selective perception can be beneficial because it allows us to disregard minor bits of information.However,the basic perception must be accurate.

Question 5

Clarise believes her coworker is incompetent.Clarise automatically disagrees with her coworker.Clarise is using selective perception.

Question 6

Assessing skills and performance is far more complex than measuring attitudes and personality.

Question 7

Preliminary research suggests people with high emotional intelligence,EQ,perform better in interpersonal interactions.Managers direct and influence people so managers need high EQ.

Question 8

Emotional intelligence,you either have it or you don't.It cannot be learned.

Question 9

A basic challenge faced by organizations is to manage psychological contracts.

Question 10

Organizations hire a person because of her skills,it is reasonable for the organization to expect that she will subsequently display those skills in the performance of her job.

Question 11

Personal attributes that vary from one manager to another are known as contributions.

Question 12

Moving is a stressor.

Question 13

Individuals who are satisfied or productive workers in one context may prove to be dissatisfied or unproductive workers in another context.

Question 14

Harrison wants to lose weight,but he eats salty snacks because he likes them.He is experiencing cognitive dissonance.

Question 15

Stereotypes are always bad.

Question 16

Self-esteem has been studied in other countries,and its importance in organizations has proven to be high.

Question 17

Certain religions believe in predestination.According to this belief,God has foreordained all things,especially the salvation of individual souls.This belief is indicative of a belief in an external locus of control.

Question 18

In the workplace,stress is always beneficial.

Question 19

Asha is optimistic and upbeat.She has neutral affectivity.

Question 20

When a person first encounters a stressor; the first stage is called resistance.

Question 21

Katherine loves to travel.She is a photographer for Associated Press.One of the things she likes best about her job is the adventure,going new places to cover stories around the world.She likes the organization inducement called

A)pay.
B)job security.
C)benefits.
D)career opportunities.
E)status.

Question 22

Even during the recession,companies are reluctant to hire over-qualified people because their ____ will not match and the employee will likely leave after a short period.

A)person-job fit
B)tangibles and intangibles
C)contribution-competency fit
D)cognitive component
E)contribution component

Question 23

When Amy is in a room full of strangers she becomes energized to meet people.She has the personality trait

A)locus of control.
B)extroversion.
C)Machiavellianism.
D)authoritarianism.
E)introversion.

Question 24

Doreen likes to focus on one thing at a time and hates interruptions.This refers to her

A)high risk propensity.
B)openness.
C)an internal locus of control.
D)an external locus of control.
E)conscientiousness.

Question 25

Dan does acceptable work in terms of quantity and quality,but he refuses to help coworkers.He is considered a good organizational citizen.

Question 26

Mary Paule is independent,determined,defiant,and competitive.These are examples of her

A)inducements.
B)intangibles.
C)psychological contracts.
D)contributions.
E)competencies.

Question 27

Absenteeism occurs when an individual does not show up for work because of a feigned illness.

Question 28

People with Type B personalities are not successful.

Question 29

Performance behaviors are usually easy to measure and obvious¾just read the psychological contract.

Question 30

Raakel has a learning difference.During her school years she developed remarkable determination,persistence,and character.Now she is a good employee and leader because of her individual contribution

A)effort.
B)ability.
C)loyalty.
D)skills.
E)competencies.

Question 31

A person's ability to get along with others in an organization is known as

A)locus of control.
B)conscientiousness.
C)Machiavellianism.
D)authoritarianism.
E)agreeableness.

Question 32

If an organization acknowledges and supports creative efforts,creativity is likely to grow.

Question 33

____ is the relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another.

A)Behavior
B)Perception
C)Attribution
D)Personality
E)Motivation

Question 34

Verification determines the truthfulness of the insight.

Question 35

Japanese managers believe harmony leads to creativity at work.

Question 36

Convergent thinking is a skill that allows people to see differences between situations,phenomena,or events.

Question 37

Because stress is harmful,managers should work to eliminate it from the workplace.

Question 38

Officers in the US military have no control over employee pay.It is all based on time of service and rank.The military uses medals and ribbons to acknowledge excellence.The medals are an example of the inducement

A)pay.
B)job security.
C)benefits.
D)career opportunities.
E)status.

Question 39

Annika is excited about her new job.She thinks it will be exciting,fulfilling,rewarding,and allow her the standard of living she is looking for.She has made a(n)____ with her new employer.

A)inducement
B)psychological contract
C)contribution
D)contributory expectation
E)mental "picture"

Question 40

Turnover occurs when an individual uses a sick day.

Question 41

When Caryl feels anxiety,fear,or anger,she prays.Afterward she is more productive.This is an example of the EQ dimension

A)self-awareness.
B)managing emotions.
C)motivating oneself.
D)empathy.
E)social skill.

Question 42

In the Myers-Briggs framework,someone who likes task identity is labeled ____,which is not a particularly accurate term.

A)intuition
B)sensing
C)thinking
D)feeling
E)judging

Question 43

James gets his energy from other people,likes the big picture,makes gut decisions,and completes work before moving on to the next project.His traits illustrate the ____ dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

A)extrovert intuitive
Thinking
Judge
B)extrovert intuitive
Feeling
Judge
C)introvert intuitive
Feeling
Judge
D)introvert sensing
Thinking
Judge
E)introvert sensing
Feeling
Perceiver

Question 44

Charlie believes "let go and let God." Charlie has a(n)

A)self-esteem.
B)empathy.
C)an external locus of control.
D)authoritarianism.
E)risk propensity.

Question 45

Bernard Madoff manipulated clients and enjoyed doing it.He showed a lot of the personality trait ____.His fellow prisoners might not appreciate it now.

A)self-esteem
B)conformity
C)Machiavellianism
D)authoritarianism
E)risk propensity

Question 46

Chandra has been a bank manager at the same bank for 35 years.She is vital to the bank and has a high level of autonomy and variety in her work.Her organizational commitment is likely to be high due to her

A)age.
B)length of tenure with this bank.
C)sense of job security.
D)participation in decision making.
E)All of these.

Question 47

Someone who is content with a low level job,is not confident,and focuses on extrinsic rewards has

A)self-awareness.
B)managing emotions.
C)motivating oneself.
D)empathy.
E)low self-esteem.

Question 48

Agreeableness is similar to the EQ dimension

A)self-awareness.
B)managing emotions.
C)motivating oneself.
D)empathy.
E)social skill.

Question 49

Nadine observes that every time Peter calls in sick,it is the day after he resents one of her decisions.Nadine makes this attribution based on

A)consensus.
B)consistency.
C)distinctiveness.
D)turnover.
E)absenteeism.

Question 50

Howard Schultz,the CEO of Starbucks,hires managers by looking for two qualities¾integrity and passion.According to Schultz,these qualities are as important as experience and abilities because he wants people to become passionate about helping the company succeed while maintaining high ethical standards that promote the organization's responsibility to society.In other words,Schultz values

A)organizational commitment.
B)job satisfaction.
C)selective perception.
D)an external locus of control.
E)high authoritarianism.

Question 51

The beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas,situations,and people are known as

A)personality attributes.
B)attitudes.
C)perceptions.
D)characteristics.
E)behaviors.

Question 52

Amelia loves to be outside.Nature gives her energy.She is studying park and recreation management in a classroom with textbooks and lectures.She is experiencing

A)job satisfaction.
B)job dissatisfaction.
C)organizational commitment.
D)cognitive dissonance.
E)positive affectivity.

Question 53

An individual's level of job satisfaction is determined by

A)compensation.
B)work policies.
C)relationships with co-workers and supervisors.
D)working conditions.
E)All of these.

Question 54

Some smokers block out negative information about the health effects of smoking because they do not want to change their behavior.They are using

A)selective perception.
B)perception.
C)objective reality.
D)stereotyping.
E)perceived reality.

Question 55

Individuals become aware of and interpret information about their environment through a set of processes called

A)selective perception.
B)perception.
C)objective reality.
D)stereotyping.
E)perceived reality.

Question 56

If you accept everything your professor says solely because he or she is "the professor," you are

A)dogmatic.
B)self-motivated.
C)Machiavellian.
D)authoritarian.
E)a high risk propensity person.

Question 57

Christine "knows" that Paul is independent,a trait she admires.Renee "knows" that Paul is defiant,a trait she does not admire.The ____ components of their attitudes differ.

A)affective
B)intentional
C)affirmative
D)cognitive
E)dissonance

Question 58

A person's range of interests is captured in the personality trait of

A)self-efficacy.
B)openness.
C)self-monitoring.
D)risk propensity.
E)dogmatism.

Question 59

Theresa gets her energy from solitude,prefers detail-oriented concrete projects,uses logical reasoning,and enjoys seeing a finished product.Her traits illustrate the ____ dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

A)extrovert intuitive
Thinking
Judge
B)extrovert intuitive
Feeling
Judge
C)introvert intuitive
Feeling
Judge
D)introvert sensing
Thinking
Judge
E)introvert sensing
Feeling
Perceiver

Question 60

Fred is in the Army.He saw a couple major motion pictures that took place in Iraq.They were so inaccurate,he refuses to see another war movie.He now thinks all Hollywood producers are left wing zealots.Fred is using

A)stereotyping.
B)conscientiousness.
C)extraversion.
D)introversion.
E)authoritarianism.

Question 61

The extent to which others in the same situation behave in the same way is known as

A)consistency.
B)consensus.
C)distinctiveness.
D)stress.
E)cognitive dissonance.

Question 62

At work there is a conference room nicknamed "the meat locker." If Royce has a meeting in there,he is too cold to concentrate.This is an example of ____ that can lead to stress.

A)task demands
B)physical demands
C)role demands
D)interpersonal demands
E)all of these

Question 63

Which of the following statements BEST describes the general relationship between stress and performance?

A)As stress increases,performance will decrease.
B)As performance increases,so does stress.
C)As stress increases,performance will increase for a time.
D)As stress increases,job satisfaction will decrease.
E)As stress increases,job satisfaction will increase up to an optimal level.

Question 64

Research suggests that creative people have which of the following personality traits?

A)Openness
B)Independence
C)An attraction to complexity
D)Strong self-confidence
E)All of these

Question 65

The Department of Defense set a goal to develop a prosthetic arm that could pick up and feed a grape to its user.At the same time DOD started the process to fund the project with $100 million.Which period of the creative process is this?

A)Preparation
B)Incubation
C)Insight
D)Verification
E)Cognitive dissonance

Question 66

A surgeon,who is responsible for life and death decisions,would be a likely candidate for stress caused by

A)task demands.
B)physical demands.
C)role demands.
D)interpersonal demands.
E)all of these choices

Question 67

Eleanor's invention is judged during the science fair.This is part of the ____ stage of the creative process.

A)preparation
B)verification
C)insight
D)incubation
E)cognitive dissonance

Question 68

Claudia is trying to develop a communications plan for a new plant opening.She puts in many hours of overtime and eventually gives up and goes home without finishing the project.She is experiencing which response to stress?

A)Alarm
B)Resistance
C)Exhaustion
D)Cognitive dissonance
E)None of these.

Question 69

Consequences of organizational stress include all of the following EXCEPT

A)motivation.
B)boredom.
C)depression.
D)alcoholism.
E)exhaustion.

Question 70

Jill observes that relationships are very important to Christine.Christine will go out of her way to help others.Christine is late for a meeting with Jill.Jill thinks the delay is due to Christine's generous spirit.Jill used

A)attribution.
B)stereotyping.
C)selective perception.
D)perception.
E)cognitive dissonance.

Question 71

Earthlink is interested in achieving name recognition with grassroots America.Its marketing department has developed three possible plans,all of which involve the sponsorship of country music concerts.Using ____ thinking,the manager was able to see that while the performers are all country music singers,each appeals to a different segment of the country music market.

A)differentiated
B)divergent
C)cognitive
D)creative
E)convergent

Question 72

Yakov is a Type A person.He will not exhibit much ____.

A)Anxiety
B)Hostility
C)Compulsiveness
D)Competitiveness
E)Patience

Question 73

If you are a reporter for a newspaper,you are expected to write,edit,and proofread stories by the paper's deadline.These expectations are referred to as

A)workplace behaviors.
B)performance behaviors.
C)withdrawal behaviors.
D)job attributes.
E)organizational citizenship.

Question 74

____ thinking allows people to see similarities between situations or events.

A)Differentiated
B)Divergent
C)Cognitive
D)Creative
E)Convergent

Question 75

Avida Sports developed a sensor system that swimmers wear in the water and get computerized analysis of their stroke.Avida signed an agreement with a swim club to test the product before increasing production.Avida is in the ____ stage of the creative process.

A)insight
B)incubation
C)preparation
D)verification
E)cognitive dissonance

Question 76

The relationship between stress and performance

A)is such that there can be too much stress or too little stress.
B)tends to be similar to a learning curve.
C)is negative.
D)is positive.
E)has yet to be researched properly.

Question 77

____ is the pattern of action by organization members that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness.

A)Workplace behavior
B)Workplace action
C)Organizational behavior
D)Performance behavior
E)Withdrawal behavior

Question 78

Which of the following can be a consequence of stress?

A)Sleep disturbances
B)Poor performance
C)Alcoholism
D)Burnout
E)All of these.

Question 79

Herman believes he needs balance between work and his personal life.He will not work on weekends and frequently asks for deadline extensions.He exhibits

A)Type A behavior.
B)burnout.
C)dogmatic characteristics.
D)Type B behavior.
E)cognitive dissonance.

Question 80

Travis observes that one of his employees always refuses to look him in the eye.He wonders if the employee lacks respect for him.Later,Travis sees that other employees also fail to look him in the eye.Travis decides that the employees are not disrespectful of him,but rather that he must be intimidating them.Travis makes this attribution based on

A)consensus.
B)consistency.
C)distinctiveness.
D)All of these.
E)None of these.