Deck 5: Coping and Social Support

Question 1

Which of the following empirical statements is correct?

A)Optimists tend to cope better with stress and practice better health behaviors.
B)Optimists are more likely to use Avoidant coping strategies.
C)Optimists practice riskier social behaviors.
D)Optimists have challenges with mastery.

Answer 1

Optimists tend to cope better with stress and practice better health behaviors.

Question 2

A person's unique set of consistent behavior traits is a common definition of:

A)coping style
B)personality
C)temperament
D)character

Answer 2

personality

Question 3

Some coping techniques can be problem-focused or emotion-focused.A common example of this is:

A)social support
B)using humor
C)using religion
D)distraction

Answer 3

social support

Question 4

People who enjoy challenges,have a high level of control,and are committed to their lives,are high in _____.

A)optimism
B)hardiness
C)extraversion
D)mastery

Question 5

Each of the following is considered one of the "Big Five"factors in personality except:

A)extraversion
B)neuroticism
C)agreeableness
D)optimism

Question 6

Our general predispositions to deal with stress are best described as:

A)coping strategies
B)coping styles
C)coping genes
D)coping personalities

Question 7

Two of the most closely related personality concepts that both predict better coping are:

A)conscientiousness and neuroticism
B)optimism and hardiness
C)mastery and optimism
D)hardiness and resilience

Question 8

In contrast to early research on the Type A personality,current views hold that the most unhealthy component of the Type A profile is:

A)being competitive
B)showing a sense of time urgency
C)being hostile
D)being hardy

Question 9

Clauss-Ehlers (2008)found that cultural factors were related to measures of five aspects of resilience,of which three are:

A)childhood stressors,global coping,adaptive coping
B)maladaptive coping,sociocultural support,and life skills
C)social skills,being able to adjust to new conditions,global coping
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 10

_____ is the relatively stable tendency of an individual to believe one's life is under one's own control.

A)Optimism
B)Hardiness
C)Conscientiousness
D)Mastery

Question 11

People who have high levels of social support often cope better than people with low levels of social support.In this case,social support can be said to be a(n):

A)anti-stressor
B)coping mechanism
C)mediator
D)moderator

Question 12

One of the most commonly studied mediators in health psychology is:

A)sex
B)social support
C)health behaviors
D)stress

Question 13

If you are soft-hearted,trusting,and helpful,you are high on the Big Five personality trait of:

A)optimism
B)agreeableness
C)conscientiousness
D)neuroticism

Question 14

If you have stress from a roommate who does not wash her own dishes,and you take the time to talk to her directly about your wish that she wash her own dishes,this type of coping style is called:

A)emotion-focused coping
B)approach coping
C)avoidant coping
D)None of the above are correct.

Question 15

Coping is best defined as:

A)individual efforts made to manage the outcomes of stress
B)processes designed to increase relaxation
C)ways to prevent stressful events from occurring
D)techniques to reduce the impact of stress

Question 16

A student that has a high level of mastery believes:

A)he is in control of the classroom environment
B)he has the capability to succeed at whatever task is at hand.
C)he does not have much control over his environment
D)that he has a lot to learn this semester.

Question 17

Most of the following variables can be mediators and moderators except for:

A)happiness
B)optimism
C)social support
D)age

Question 18

One of the most important reasons that studying coping is difficult is due to the fact that:

A)stressors can be positive or negative
B)there is severe cultural diversity in stress
C)individual differences in people and stressors make it difficult to study
D)there are too many subtypes of coping

Question 19

An individual with Type A coronary-prone are found to be at a higher level of risk for:

A)coronary heart disease and stress
B)diabetes and renal failure
C)muscular-skeletal injuries
D)all of the above

Question 20

A _____ is the intervening process through which one variable has an effect on another variable.

A)moderator
B)mediator
C)control
D)buffer

Question 21

The benefit of social support is:

A)financial independence
B)better health,more rapid recovery from illness
C)it reduces mortality rates in all ethnic groups.
D)longer lifespan

Question 22

Hypnosis is one form of coping that is found in:

A)biofeedback
B)support groups
C)cognitive-behavioral approaches
D)relaxation-based approaches

Question 23

Higher social support is associated with higher infant birth weight among:

A)foreign-born Latinas
B)European American woman
C)Latinas born in the United States
D)African American women

Question 24

If you have a fear of heights,this technique of classical conditioning is commonly used to help you to reduce this phobia:

A)systemic desensitization
B)psychoanalysis
C)cognitive-behavioral therapy
D)yoga

Question 25

The concept that as we age,we prune our social networks to maintain a desired emotional state depending on the amount of limited time we have in our lives is:

A)familialism
B)socioemotional selectivity theory
C)escape avoidance
D)distancing

Question 26

As Dan has grown older,he has adjusted his group of friends to include those who he feels he needs for emotional support,and others he needs for instrumental support,like helping him fix his bicycle.This is an example of:

A)social convoy model
B)socioemotional selectivity theory
C)familialism
D)received an perceived support

Question 27

Hines & Caetano (1998)found that Latina women:

A)drink more alcohol if acculturated than Latina women who are less acculturated
B)do not drink much alcohol if they are less or more acculturated
C)drink less if acculturated than Latina women who are less acculturated
D)Acculturation does not affect their decision about drinking alcohol.

Question 28

Data from large longitudinal studies such as the MacArthur Successful Aging Study suggest that:

A)social support increases with time
B)those in need get more support
C)social support decreases with time
D)social support is stable over time

Question 29

According to empirical data found by Gurung,Taylor & Seeman (2003),men are more likely to receive emotional support from:

A)their children
B)their spouses
C)their same-sex friends
D)their work team

Question 30

Married women are more likely to seek social support from:

A)their husbands
B)members of their church
C)their same-sex friends
D)their mothers

Question 31

Mindfulness is a relaxation-based technique that::

A)intentionally bringing one's attention to internal and external experiences occurring at the present moment.
B)has been empirically demonstrated to result in increased immune activity
C)slow down the breathing and clear mind of thoughts.
D)all of the above

Question 32

Regarding social support:

A)Men give and receive more social support over their lives.
B)Both men and woman give an equal amount of social support over their lifespan.
C)Woman give and receive the most social support over their lifespan.
D)Gender is not one of the predictors of social support.

Question 33

When Linda slows down her breathing during mediation,the physical changes include:

A)an increase in heart rate
B)an increase in insulin levels
C)stress chemicals such as catecholamines and cortisol are no longer released
D)reduction of edema in the body

Question 34

Hines & Caetano (1998)found the following to be true about Latino men:

A)Less acculturated Latino American men drink less and are less likely to engage in risky sexual behavior.
B)More acculturated Latino American men drink more and are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior.
C)Less acculturated Latino American men drink more and are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior.
D)None of the above are true.

Question 35

For immigrants,the rate of psychiatric disorder may _____ with duration of time living in the United States.

A)decrease
B)stay the same
C)improve and then decrease after five years.
D)increase

Question 36

Social support is best defined as:

A)the feeling of being cared for
B)emotional,information,or instrumental assistance from others
C)having a number of people to turn to for help when needed
D)an integrated caring network of friends,family,and resources when needed

Question 37

Active coping,planning,restraint coping,and acceptance are all forms of coping assessed by:

A)The Ways of Coping questionnaire
B)The Social Readjustment Reappraisal scale
C)The Social Support questionnaire
D)The COPE

Question 38

The Ways of Coping Questionnaire has eight different subscales reflecting problem-focused and emotion-focused coping: including:

A)seeking social support
B)positive reappraisal
C)focus and venting of emotions
D)both a and b

Question 39

Guided imagery and biofeedback are similar in that:

A)they both utilize electronic monitoring devices
B)they both need a therapist to assist you in your journey
C)they both slow your pulse rate down
D)you can observe your progress on a feedback machine

Question 40

The United States and European coping styles tend to follow:

A)collectivist values,which are independent.
B)individualistic,which emphasize independence and reliance on the self.
C)collectivistic values,emphasizing interdependence on others.
D)None of the above

Question 41

Sky is trying a new technique to help him to stay well.He writes in a journal about emotional issues,including relationships about others,his past,the present,the future,and his goals and plans.What do we know from research that this cognitive-behavioral behavior will do for him?

A)improve physical activity
B)improve writing skills
C)reduce levels of stress and negative mood,and reduce illness in his life
D)systemic desensitization

Question 42

People who exercise on a regular basis tend to be less depressed and less stressed:

A)and research supports that people who are less stressed exercise more
B)and research supports that people who exercise make behavioral changes to reduce stress in their lives in areas outside of their exercise routine
C)researchers say that exercise in itself reduces stress
D)all of the above is true

Question 43

Mental health outcomes are worse for immigrants to the United States,as opposed to people from the same cultural group born in the United States who tend to have better mental health outcomes.

Question 44

If Josh has social support from his friends while he is recovering from cancer,epidemiological studies indicate that he will have a decrease in the risk for depression due to the fact he has social support.

Question 45

Religious coping has been found to help people:

A)to deal with a range of problems,such as living in a stressful neighborhoods.
B)in both positive and negative dimensions
C)have helped a wide range of people including refugees
D)all of the above are true

Question 46

Relaxation-based approaches have the approach of:

A)reducing the number of thought a person is experiencing
B)disclosure in writing
C)talk therapy
D)exercise

Question 47

Avoidant,emotion-based coping may be beneficial in the short term because this coping style gives your body time to recover from the physiological responses to and the shock of the stressor.For example,if you are diagnosed with cancer,and you are so anxious you can not function,it may benefit you to be emotion-focused and to cope with your emotions first and then deal with the issue later.

Question 48

African American college students who received racial socialization messages and perceived that they had social support were more resilient.

Question 49

Carlos wants to set up a routine exercise schedule.From what you have learned about exercise and stress reduction,what could you tell Carlos about how exercise affects stress?

A)Exercise must be completed for one hour each day in order for any benefits to be seen in stress studies.
B)Individuals who follow an exercise routine have lower pulse and mean arterial pressure when put under stress.
C)Individuals who exercise put them selves at risk of cardiovascular disease if they are also working under stressful conditions.
D)Exercise does not affect stress at all

Question 50

Religious coping has been found to help people deal with a range of problems including:

A)living in stressful neighborhoods
B)dealing with a lack of sexual gratification
C)loss of a child
D)all of the above

Question 51

Biofeedback monitors your respiratory rate and your brain waves,and you use your mind to alter your respiratory rate.

Question 52

The Big 5 personality trait of extraversion indicates an individual would be open to new experiences they have not tried before,such as hang gliding,or acupuncture.

Question 53

Research indicates that the approach coping skill works well for everyone,and that it works well for all situations.

Question 54

An individual with body dysmorphic disorder,the condition where their body image perception is different than reality,can utilize this form of treatment to learn how to identify and change their irrational beliefs

A)biofeedback
B)relaxation therapy
C)guided imagery
D)rational-emotional therapy

Question 55

When comparing the coping support systems among all cultural groups,the textbook indicates the following groups have the highest amount of support from other individuals within their cultural groups:

A)Native Americans and individuals with strong religious ties
B)African American individuals from their families,and women
C)Asian individuals from their families,and European American men
D)athletes and college students

Question 56

Mai is utilizing a coping technique that asks her to focus on a specific thought,word image,or phrase.Which of the following coping technique might she be using?

A)biofeedback
B)meditation
C)guided imagery
D)all of the above

Question 57

CJ is utilizing a coping strategy that requires him to slow down his breathing and to clear his mind of stressful thoughts.CJ is probably utilizing the following coping strategy:

A)mindfulness
B)meditation
C)yoga
D)all of the above

Question 58

One acculturation-physical health link is: in general,recent immigrants are healthier then better-acculturated nonimmigrants.

Question 59

Coping styles are just reflections of personality,but do not mediate the relationship between personality and well-being.

Question 60

When utilizing an anxiety hierarchy for systematic desensitization:

A)you pair relaxation with the first event,and then move down the list until you can imagine your most stressful event and be relaxed
B)you confront your worst fears by going to the source of your stress
C)you are not utilizing the best means of treating anxiety disorders
D)all of the above

Question 61

Compare and contrast received support and perceived support.Give some examples of how these two types of support can affect the health outcome of an individual.

Question 62

If you were a therapist working with a woman who wants to learn how to cope with stress in her life due to care-giving challenges,what kind of approaches would you introduce to her as options for her treatment? Discuss the various approaches that you learned about in the textbook.

Question 63

How do the personality characteristics hardiness and resilience assist people in moderating the effects of stress,and improving their ability to cope?

Question 64

Researchers have identified two major dimensions of religious coping: positive and negative religious coping.Positive coping has helped a wide range of people including refugees,and negative religious coping has been related to poorer adjustment among many groups such as medical rehabilitation patients.

Question 65

How would you describe your own coping mechanisms? Use the theories and vocabulary that from the textbook in your description.

Question 66

What are McCrae and Costa (1987)Big 5 personality traits,and what are their characteristics?