Deck 3: Essential Physiology

Question 1

Babies who have low birth weight have a higher risk of:

A)not receiving quality health care
B)being in a lower level of socioeconomic status
C)developmental and mental complications
D)being neglected by their birth mothers

Answer 1

developmental and mental complications

Question 2

Schaie (1993),found in a longitudinal study that the majority of the participants in the study showed no significant decline in most mental abilities until the age of:

A)65
B)70
C)81
D)92

Answer 2

81

Question 3

The biological development of the fetus can be seriously influenced by:

A)the psychological state of the mother
B)the networks that she has and the social situation in which she is living
C)both a and b
D)none of the above

Answer 3

both a and b

Question 4

An example of why culture is important in early development is the finding that:

A)African American children mature more quickly than European American children.
B)African American children mature slower than European American children.
C)African American children and European American children mature at the same rate
D)Asian American children show some of the fastest rates of physical change

Question 5

The nervous system develops the most rapidly:

A)in the early months
B)in the second half of the first year of life
C)from age 2 to age 3
D)from ages 4-5

Question 6

Babies who are at a substantially higher risk of infant mortality are:

A)extreme preterm and low birth weight babies
B)born in the United States
C)babies who were exposed to a virus prior to birth
D)not necessarily preterm and low birth weight babies

Question 7

The embryo stage of a pregnancy begins at:

A)the end of the second week
B)the end of the fourth week
C)the end of one month
D)after 6 weeks

Question 8

What is the memory part of the brain that helps you to remember the answer to this question?

A)cerebral cortex
B)the amygdala
C)the hippocampus
D)the cerebellum

Question 9

What section of the brain in a cross-section resembles a gray "X"?

A)the cerebral cortex
B)the occipital lobe
C)the spinal cord
D)the medulla

Question 10

During puberty,major physical changes are stimulated by the:

A)hippocampus
B)gonads
C)ovaries
D)pituitary gland

Question 11

Growth and development of the newborn is driven by the secretions of the _____,and coordinated by the hypothalamus.

A)adrenal gland
B)pituitary gland
C)thyroid gland
D)corpus callosum

Question 12

Of all of the senses,only _____ is developed before birth.

A)smell
B)taste
C)hearing
D)vision

Question 13

The family is the most important source of support for African American mothers.Which ethnicity ranks second in the list of ethnicities that indicate that the family is the most important source of support?

A)Asian Americans
B)European Americans
C)Mexican Americans
D)Chinese Americans

Question 14

Miscarriage and labor/delivery both have strong psychological components.Couples can cope with these stressors better if:

A)they are married for at least two years
B)they take time off from work after the miscarriage or delivery
C)they have strong social support from family and friends
D)they ignore the experience,so they can forget about it sooner

Question 15

Teratogens can cause developmental abnormalities in the developing embryo and fetus.Examples of teratogens include:

A)environmental toxins and drugs
B)food with limited nutrition such as corn and white bread
C)stress
D)none of the above

Question 16

The brain and spinal cord comprise the:

A)peripheral nervous system
B)the central nervous system
C)the superior colliculus
D)prosencephalon

Question 17

The premise of health psychology is that the following influences our bodies and our biology:

A)smoking,drinking,and poor diet
B)our minds,our personalities,and our behaviors
C)our socioeconomic status,personality,and regional location
D)genetic,ethnic,and cultural background

Question 18

Boys with lower levels of testosterone are more likely to:

A)become gay or homosexual
B)show behavioral problems such as rebelliousness
C)be very easy-going and pleasant when socializing
D)develop cancer later in life

Question 19

The embryo is called a fetus at the _____ week of gestation.

A)sixth
B)ninth
C)eleventh
D)fourteenth

Question 20

The emotion of fear that comes over a patient who is afraid to go to the dentist originates from this section of the brain.

A)the medulla
B)the hippocampus
C)the amygdala
D)the cerebral cortex

Question 21

The key cells of the immune system are:

A)red blood cells
B)white blood cells,or leukocytes
C)fat cells
D)T cells

Question 22

The autonomic nervous system coordinates muscles:

A)skeletal muscles under conscious control
B)They are not under conscious control
C)that control the feelings associate with pain
D)none of the above

Question 23

The condition that occurs due to a problem with one facet in the endocrine system,use to occur primarily in the elderly,but is now showing up in children as young as age 13.

A)asthma
B)gout
C)melatonin imbalance
D)diabetes

Question 24

How are bacteria and viruses transmitted to humans?

A)through the air
B)through direct contact with the germ on a doorknob or by a handshake
C)from an animal bite
D)all of the above

Question 25

T-cells mature in this organ:

A)thymus gland
B)liver
C)kidneys
D)spleen

Question 26

What is the purpose of the spleen?

A)It is an organ whose many ducts clean the lymphatic system.
B)Assists the kidneys in processing insulin.
C)It is a ductless organ that filters blood.
D)It is the primary storage area for lymphocytes.

Question 27

Bariatric surgery is becoming more popular.The most common type of bariatric surgery is:

A)removal of the stomach
B)gastric bypass surgery
C)stapling of the stomach
D)lap-band

Question 28

The circuit between the heart and the lungs is called:

A)systemic circulation
B)capillaries
C)ischemia
D)pulmonary circulation

Question 29

The natural killer cells that circulate the body:

A)are present in infants and children,but disappear by middle age
B)engulf teratogens and viruses and devour them
C)push infected cells through the body to the spleen
D)inject diseased cells by injecting them with toxic chemicals

Question 30

Another type of immunity that is a form of a specific immune response,and involves the activation of lymphocytes is:

A)activated immunity
B)relapsing immunity
C)acquired immunity
D)reactivation immunity

Question 31

Acquired immunity takes place in either the:

A)spleen or the appendix
B)blood or the cells
C)tonsils or the adenoids
D)thymus or the pancreas

Question 32

The somatic nervous system controls what part of the body?

A)bone growth
B)reflex muscles
C)skeletal muscles and is under conscious control of these muscles
D)heart muscles

Question 33

Though a bad diet is a direct risk factor for diabetes (Hu et al.,2001),research now suggest that this behavior is a major factor as well:

A)not getting enough sleep
B)smoking,especially heavy smoking
C)not receiving enough sunlight
D)using sugar substitutes on food and in drinks such as coffee

Question 34

The heart is protected by:

A)the pericardium.
B)the arteries.
C)the valves.
D)the atria.

Question 35

The difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is:

A)type 1 is insulin dependent
B)type 2 is insulin dependent
C)Asian Americans tend to have only type 1 diabetes
D)type 2 is seen at an early age

Question 36

Who is credited with giving us a complete understanding of the circulatory system?

A)Erasistratus in 300 BC
B)Galen in 150 BC
C)William Harvey in 1628
D)none of the above

Question 37

If you fall and scratch up your elbow while gardening,your elbow will swell from an increase in blood flow to the area.This is a direct result of the:

A)secretion of histamine
B)phagocytosis response
C)inflammatory response
D)both a and c

Question 38

The main lines of entry for viruses and bacteria is:

A)through skin and different openings of the body
B)by having direct contact with the sebum.
C)having a reduced immunosystem from not taking daily vitamins
D)from being dropped by unhealthy T cells as they are being transported through the lymphatic system

Question 39

Barriers that do not rely on the cells of the immune system are referred to as:

A)nonspecific immune defenses
B)key components
C)antigens
D)nonimmunologic defenses

Question 40

If you have allergies,you are familiar with the action of the body secreting histamines,including itching of eyes,nose and throat.Your body may also respond with:

A)fever
B)elevated red blood cell count
C)elevated blood pressure
D)inflammation of the tonsils

Question 41

Menopause historically meant that a woman would be participating in hormone replacement therapy.In 2003,the Women's Health Initiative study indicated that this treatment should be halted due to the fact that women receiving the drug were found to have a higher risk for certain cancers.

Question 42

The pituitary gland produces the hormone oxytocin.

Question 43

What are some facts that are known about the respiratory system?

A)Lung capacity is an important measure of cardiovascular fitness.
B)Asthma is a curable respiratory condition.
C)The main gas system transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the trachea.
D)All of the above are true

Question 44

Children grow in a continuous pattern with the same amount of growth every week until 2 years of age.

Question 45

This ethnic group recognizes different organs than Western medicine.This group will refer to the "Triple Burner."

A)East Indians
B)Chinese
C)Native Americans
D)Mexican Americans

Question 46

Nearly 10% of pregnancies end in miscarriage,and 45% of women have a miscarriage at some point during their reproductive years.

Question 47

The growth spurt for girls is almost two years before the growth spurt in boys.

Question 48

Given what you know about the respiratory system,what can you do to maintain your health in this area?

A)get your cytotoxicity measured
B)increase your aerobic respiration
C)increase your carbon dioxide level
D)all of the above

Question 49

The systems in the human body that is responsible for metabolic activity are:

A)immune system
B)digestive and renal systems
C)cardiac/pulmonary system
D)nervous and endocrine systems

Question 50

Another example of acquired immunity is:

A)the immunizations of babies
B)eating blue cheese
C)contracting HIV
D)taking protein and vitamin supplements

Question 51

The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called arteries,and the vessels that carry blood to the heart are called veins.

Question 52

The "Wild Divine,"a video product that focuses on promoting self-care and wellness,was tested for its effectiveness as a relaxation technique (Roethel & Gurung,2007).The results of this study is that the game actually resulted in both physiological and psychological changes.These changes were found to be:

A)an increase in violence and anger in the user
B)an increase in salivary cortisol
C)decrease in depression and fatigue
D)increase in psychological symptoms

Question 53

Which of the following is true about asthma?

A)Racial/ethnic minority populations reported higher use of emergency departments and doctor's offices for asthma treatment than European Americans.
B)European Americans utilize doctor's offices more than any other racial or ethnic group.
C)South Carolina has more incidents of asthma than Maine.
D)Asian Americans have the highest incident of asthma out of all of the ethnic groups in the USA.

Question 54

There are many differences in physiology across cultures,and different cultural groups have several variations in genetic make-ups.These conditions contributes to the differences in our health.

Question 55

A strong immune response is characterized by:

A)strong organs that are healthy,such as the spleen.
B)younger humans with less contact with varying illnesses.
C)a low number of T cells
D)great differentiation and proliferation.

Question 56

Preterm births,which occur before 37 weeks of gestation,are the most direct causes of low birth weight babies.

Question 57

The endocrine hormone most related to the metabolism of food,especially glucose,is:

A)oxytocin
B)prolactin
C)gastrin
D)insulin

Question 58

The diastolic pressure is when the heart is beating.

Question 59

There is a risk of early death following bariatric surgery.

Question 60

If you have chickenpox as a child,what is the reason you are unlikely to get it again?

A)You have extra macrophages from the previous chicken pox,and they will engulf this strain too.
B)You have cell-mediated immunity
C)You have circulating B memory cells for the chickenpox.
D)none of the above

Question 61

What is one hypothesis for the change in the onset of menstruation?

Question 62

Name three of the major glands in the endocrine system,and indicate the hormones that they secrete.

Question 63

What are the three main parts of the vertebrate brain?

Question 64

Thomas is 23 years old.What age-related changes should Thomas experience between the ages of 25 and 65?

Question 65

The developing embryo and fetus are sensitive to several factors that can cause delays in development,birth defects,and/or miscarriage.What are three circumstances that can affect the development of the fetus?