Deck 21: How Humans Evolved

Question 1

The ancestor of humans is commonly thought to be:

A)Australopithecus afarensis
B)Australopithecus boisei
C)Australopithecus anamensis
D)Australopithecus africanus

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Of these fossil species,which one is thought most likely the ancestor of later species of Homo?

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo rudolfensis
C)Homo ergaster
D)Homo sapiens

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The very first primates were:

A)prosimians
B)monkeys
C)gibbons
D)apes

Answer 3

A

Question 4

About 25 million years ago,the anthropoids that remained in Africa gave rise to two lineages,the Old World monkeys and the:

A)New World monkeys
B)apes
C)hominoids
D)the first primate

Question 5

The living apes consist of the gibbon,the orangutan,and:

A)golden lion tamarin
B)gorilla and chimpanzee
C)gibbons and prosimians
D)All of these are correct.

Question 6

Evidence that early humans were able to walk upright includes:

A)shorter arms
B)bowl-shaped pelvis
C)spinal cord exits at the bottom of the skull
D)All of these are correct.

Question 7

What trait is exhibited only in Homo sapiens and not in other primates in existence today?

A)Opposable thumb
B)Symbolic language
C)Bipedalism
D)Tool use

Question 8

Humans depart from apes in several ways,except:

A)walking on two legs
B)S-shaped spine
C)spinal cord exits at the bottom of the skull
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

The primate ancestors,tree-dwelling insectivores,had two distinct evolutionary advantages: grasping fingers and toes,and:

A)a complete digestive tract
B)mammary glands
C)binocular vision
D)hair

Question 10

Most of the early hominid fossils have been found in ___________________,a 2,000 mile fault line.

A)the Neander Valley of Germany
B)Royal Gorge,North America
C)the East African Rift Valley
D)an area between Java and China

Question 11

Few fossils of early Homo have been found,and there is much debate about whether different individuals should be grouped together.Which of these is believed to be more ancient than the others?

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo rudolfensis
C)Homo ergaster
D)Homo sapiens

Question 12

Java Man and Peking Man are both examples of:

A)Australopithecus afarensis
B)Australopithecus anamensis
C)Homo habilis
D)Homo erectus

Question 13

Homo habilis differed from australopithecines in:

A)stature
B)arms longer than legs
C)skeletal structure
D)brain volume

Question 14

The hallmark characteristic of the hominids leading to humans was the development of:

A)a varied diet
B)bipedalism
C)the ability to care for young
D)an opposable thumb

Question 15

Homo rudolfensis was discovered by:

A)Richard Leakey
B)Donald Johanson
C)Raymond Dart
D)Charles Darwin

Question 16

The first evidence of full language capabilities was seen in:

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo erectus
C)Cro-Magnons
D)Neanderthals

Question 17

All New World monkeys are arboreal.

Question 18

Which of our ancestors was "handy man?"

A)Australopithecus afarensis
B)Australopithecus anamensis
C)Homo habilis
D)Homo erectus

Question 19

Modern Homo sapiens arose in:

A)Europe,the Neander Valley
B)Asia
C)North America
D)Africa

Question 20

Homo rudolfensis's brain volume is:

A)400-550 cm³
B)680 cm³
C)750 cm³
D)1000 cm³

Question 21

Apes support their weight on ______,while monkeys use ________.

A)the back sides of their fingers;their hips
B)their hips;back sides of their fingers
C)the back sides of their fingers;the palms of their hands
D)the palms of their hands;hips

Question 22

Which is incorrect about Neanderthals?

A)They made diverse tools.
B)They were named after the Neander Valley of Germany.
C)They abruptly disappeared from the fossil record about 34,000 years ago.
D)They interbred with the modern humans that replaced them.
E)They were replaced by Cro-Magnons.

Question 23

Homo sapiens are the sole surviving hominid.

Question 24

In hominid evolution,which came first?

A)Bipedalism
B)Large brains
C)Bigger feet
D)Larger arms

Question 25

Which is incorrect about anthropoids?

A)They evolved after the prosimians.
B)They were active during the night.
C)They lived in groups.
D)Their direct descendents are the monkeys.

Question 26

Humans and their direct ancestors,as well as the apes,all make up a group called the ____________________.

Question 27

Which hypothesis argues that the human races independently evolved from H.erectus in different parts of the world?

A)The Recently-Out-of Africa model
B)The Multiregional hypothesis
C)The Local hypothesis
D)The Asian-African hypothesis

Question 28

According to a variety of gene data,which hypothesis is correct?

A)The Recently-Out-of-Africa model
B)The Multiregional hypothesis
C)They both may be correct
D)Neither is correct

Question 29

Java man was the first fossil specimen of H.erectus found.

Question 30

Primates have binocular vision that lets the brain judge distances.

Question 31

Humans and chimpanzees share _________ of their nuclear DNA.

A)55%
B)75.5%
C)85.4%
D)95%
E)98.6%

Question 32

By 10,000 years ago,about ___ people inhabited the entire world and today there are over _______.

A)350,000;300 million
B)500,000;1 billion
C)1 million;20 billion
D)65 million;9 billion
E)5 million;6 billion

Question 33

________________________ is the scientific name of modern man.

Question 34

The ____________________ made diverse tools,including spearheads and hand axes,and lived in huts or caves.

Question 35

The evolution of __________________ marks the beginning of the hominids.

Question 36

The oldest modern human is:

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo rudolfensis
C)Homo ergaster
D)Homo heidelbergensis

Question 37

The anthropoids include:

A)monkeys
B)apes
C)humans
D)All of these

Question 38

Prosimians look like gorillas.

Question 39

The continent of origin for Homo habilis is believed to be ______________.

Question 40

When the eyes are on the same plane of the head,this allows for ___________________ vision.

Question 41

Java man and Peking man are both examples of Homo _______________.

Question 42

Present arguments that bipedalism evolved prior to larger brains in human ancestors.

Question 43

Homo erectus was a very successful species.Describe the traits of this human ancestor.

Question 44

What happened between 10 and 5 million years ago that favored the evolution of primates that were bipedal and no longer tree-dwellers?

Question 45

Molecular evidence from ___________ indicates that Homo sapiens were present the longest in Africa.

Question 46

Cite evidence that suggests that all modern humans arose from one common ancestor located in Africa.

Question 47

Why is the DNA of humans and chimpanzees so very similar?