Deck 1: Developing a Sociological Consciousness

Question 1

Marx's perspective is called dialectical materialism.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

C.Wright Mills is credited as the founder of sociology.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Ideal type is a concept that portrays the most valuable characteristics of phenomena,such as bureaucracies and capitalism.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The sociological imagination allows us to realize the connection between our personal problems and the public issues of our time.

Question 5

One of the most important contributions of sociologist Max Weber is his insistence on maintaining a "value-free" approach to the discipline.

Question 6

Recent data show that more than 18 percent of America's children live in poverty.

Question 7

Elliot Liebow's study of streetcorner men demonstrated how sociological research can help us to see beyond the stereotyped images of African American men.

Question 8

Elliot Liebow's classic study of low-income urban black men offers a fine example of how sociological research is limited to gathering only superficial understandings of social problems like poverty.

Question 9

John D.Rockefeller emphasized the role of class conflict in the formation of history.

Question 10

English sociologist Harriet Martineau was an ardent defender of women's rights who supported the idea of making the study of society a scientific enterprise.

Question 11

The sociological imagination was a concept developed by C.Wright Mills that helps us to understand how the creativity of the average American can help us to overcome social obstacles.

Question 12

Macrosociology focuses on the up-close and personal events of human beings in their private worlds.

Question 13

From a sociological perspective,what we think,how we feel,and what we say and do are shaped by our social interactions.

Question 14

Microsociology involves the detailed study of what people say,do,and think moment-by-moment in their everyday lives.

Question 15

Sociologist Max Weber used verstehen to identify the significance of understanding the subjective meanings people attach to their behavior.

Question 16

Emile Durkheim was a French psychologist who promoted the idea that suicide was brought on by the mental illness of the individuals committing the act.

Question 17

Herbert Spencer was an English sociologist who argues that society was like a human organism because it was made up of many interrelated parts.

Question 18

Since sociological research is scientific in nature,it is seldom applied to the practical matters of everyday life.

Question 19

Most African Americans are not poor with more than 75 percent of African Americans living above the poverty line.

Question 20

The collection of census and national statistical data used to determine federal and state policies on health,education,and housing is collected primarily through telemarketing private businesses.

Question 21

Researchers frequently introduce a change into the control group.

Question 22

Three influential frameworks - critical theory,feminism,and socialism - stand out in contemporary sociology.

Question 23

Symbolic interactionists say we experience the world as an objective reality.

Question 24

A 2002 study showed _________ was a major contributor to death and disease around the world?

A) smoking
B) practicing unsafe sex
C) eating improperly
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 25

Elliot Liebow's study of streetcorner men in Washington,D.C. ,found that

A) the conventional stereotypes of such people were accurate.
B) their lifestyles were surprisingly middle class.
C) these men believed that success was inevitable.
D) many of our stereotyped images of people are wrong or inaccurate.

Question 26

The scientific study of social interactions and of social organization is called

A) psychology.
B) sociology.
C) sociometry.
D) socialism.

Question 27

Postmoderism is a sociological framework based on an inherent trust in science and objectivity as potential solutions to social problems.

Question 28

An independent variable is a variable that is affected.

Question 29

The founders of Hull House in Chicago,Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr,are credited with assisting the urban poor in that city and developing case studies and demographic mapping as research procedures.

Question 30

Power is the ability to control the behavior of others,even it is against their will.

Question 31

While early American sociology was often optimistic and rooted in a belief in progress,the work of W.E.B.Du Bois helped to promote the need for radical changes in society,particularly the need to eliminate racial inequality.

Question 32

The "sociological perspective" points out that

A) we have absolutely no control over our individual behavior.
B) there is scientific agreement that the subconscious is the principal source of behavioral motivation.
C) as we look beyond outer appearances at what lies beneath,we encounter new levels of social reality.
D) written rules and regulations are the unquestionable roots of behavior.

Question 33

The more recent developments in feminist theory grew out of an awareness that the social experience of gender is not universal.

Question 34

During the early twentieth century,Chicago sociologists trained an estimated half of the sociologists in the world.

Question 35

Individual behaviors and environmental factors cause approximately 70 percent of the premature deaths in the United States.

Question 36

The first step in the scientific method is determining a research design.

Question 37

A primary goal of sociology is to understand what causes such social phenomena as racism and crime.

Question 38

Manifest functions are those consequences that are neither intended nor recognized.

Question 39

A stratified random sample provides less precision than a pure random sample.

Question 40

The ways we think,feel,and act are

A) shaped by our interaction with others.
B) largely determined by our genes.
C) mainly a result of our unique individuality,rather than of society.
D) largely determined by our genes and mainly a result of our unique individuality,rather than of society are correct.

Question 41

The "sociological imagination" allows us to explore the relationship between personal problems and

A) social and historical events.
B) the global climate.
C) genetic heritage.
D) the psyche.

Question 42

When sociologists investigate the "big picture" of social groups and societies,they are said to be engaging in

A) microsociology.
B) macrosociology.
C) ethnomethodology.
D) nonscientific research.

Question 43

Herbert Spencer applied the concept of survival of the fittest to the social world,an approach termed social

A) hedonism.
B) organicism.
C) Darwinism.
D) Freudianism.

Question 44

Microsociology is the study of

A) the family in America.
B) large-scale,long-term social processes.
C) up-close and personal studies of people in real-life settings.
D) cultures and societies.

Question 45

__________ involves aspects of social life that have to do with order,stability,and social organization that allow societies and groups to hold together and endure.

A) Social dynamics
B) Organic solidarity
C) Social statics
D) Mechanical solidarity

Question 46

Examining how the aging of the American population affects jobs and promotions for younger people in an historical context would be an example of using

A) social psychology.
B) microsociology.
C) macrosociology.
D) clinical psychological analysis.

Question 47

C.Wright Mills noted that

A) one's personal troubles and public issues are intertwined.
B) we cannot simply look to the "personal character" of individuals to explain changes in their lives,such as employment circumstances.
C) the social forces of life play a large role in determining our life experience.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 48

_________________ is commonly credited with being the founder of sociology.

A) Max Weber
B) Emile Durkheim
C) Harriet Martineau
D) Auguste Comte

Question 49

Emile Durkheim focused his sociological perspective on

A) why social classes always seem to be in conflict with one another.
B) the way societies seem to be made up of tiny relationship units.
C) how societies hold together and endure.
D) None of the choices are correct.

Question 50

Durkheim found that

A) individuals enmeshed in a web of social bonds are less inclined to suicide than individuals who are weakly integrated into group life.
B) individuals dependent on a web of social bonds are more inclined to suicide than individuals who have a stronger,more self-sufficient sense of self.
C) individuals from cultures emphasizing individual worth are less inclined to suicide than individuals from cultures emphasizing group worth.
D) individuals from cultures with greater economic opportunities are less inclined to suicide than individuals from cultures with fewer economic opportunities.

Question 51

The origins of sociology are linked to

A) the French Revolution.
B) the Industrial Revolution.
C) Neither of the choices are correct.
D) the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution are correct.

Question 52

Karl Marx sought to

A) prove the value of science in the study of human behavior.
B) prove the value of maintaining the status quo in societies.
C) narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.
D) show the value of capitalism in developing a more humanitarian society.

Question 53

A majority of Liebow's "streetcorner men" were

A) drug addicts and AIDS carriers.
B) unemployed.
C) employed.
D) white derelicts.

Question 54

Emile Durkheim is often remembered for his scientific study of

A) consumerism.
B) suicide.
C) dialectical materialism.
D) political attitudes.

Question 55

Karl Marx focused on ______________ as a primary cause of the evolution of history.

A) physical environments
B) class conflict
C) genetic behavioral codes
D) the psychology of the individual

Question 56

Harriet Martineau was

A) an author concerned with the role of values in American life.
B) a defender of women's rights.
C) a supporter of the study of society as a separate scientific field.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 57

__________ refers to processes of social life that pattern institutional development and have to do with social change.

A) Social dynamics
B) Social statics
C) Organic solidarity
D) Mechanical solidarity

Question 58

Auguste Comte and Harriet Martineau both presented sociology as a

A) component of the liberal arts.
B) science.
C) religion.
D) philosophy of humanism.

Question 59

Herbert Spencer viewed society as a system,having important similarities with

A) a biological organism.
B) a finely tuned automobile.
C) a modern factory.
D) a jigsaw puzzle.

Question 60

Such social policies that we take for granted in modern societies as the limited work day or factory safety rules can be traced to the ideas of

A) Karl Marx.
B) Herbert Spencer.
C) William Graham Sumner.
D) William J.Wilson.

Question 61

American sociologists assumed a critical role in the development of sociology during the

A) Middle Ages.
B) Industrial Revolution.
C) American Revolution.
D) Twentieth Century.

Question 62

For Durkheim,social facts are

A) individual properties in reality.
B) the tangible,brick-and-mortar institutions of society,like prisons.
C) aspects of social life that cannot be explained in terms of either biological or mental characteristics of people.
D) similar to the Freudian concepts of the Id and Ego.

Question 63

Durkheim found in his study of suicide that

A) Protestants,people who were unmarried,and soldiers had lower suicide rates than did Catholics,people who were married,and civilians.
B) Protestants,people who were unmarried,and soldiers had higher suicide rates than did Catholics,people who were married,and civilians.
C) there was no statistically significant difference in the suicide rates of the mentioned groups.
D) None of the choices are correct.

Question 64

A simple,small tribal society would coincide with Durkheim's concept of ______,whereas a modern,complex society would coincide with his concept of ________.

A) rural;urban
B) organic solidarity;mechanical solidarity
C) mechanical solidarity;organic solidarity
D) utopian;rational

Question 65

Max Weber's term verstehen suggests that

A) sociologists must put themselves in the shoes of others to know how they think and feel.
B) sociologists,to be objective,must avoid putting themselves in the shoes of others.
C) sociologists must engage in criticism of self in order to understand others.
D) ideal types must be refuted to make sociology a real science.

Question 66

Max Weber emphasized the importance of a

A) culturally biased sociology.
B) personally defined sociology.
C) value-free sociology.
D) subjective sociology.

Question 67

Postmodernism

A) is an intellectual view that suggests deep distrust of science and the research principle of objectivity.
B) is no different from the views of critical theory.
C) assumes the modern period of history is an ongoing,never-ending process.
D) supports the idea that we are entering an age dominated by a goods-producing economy.

Question 68

____________ was the first university to create a department of sociology in the United States.

A) University of Chicago
B) Harvard University
C) University of Virginia
D) Yale University

Question 69

Max Weber's term verstehen describes an approach for understanding

A) objective reality.
B) subjective meanings people attach to their actions.
C) people's behavior rather than their values.
D) the social structure outside the individual.

Question 70

Early American sociology

A) developed a rather pessimistic approach to the study of human behavior.
B) believed that American society was in a lot of trouble.
C) used a generally optimistic,forward-looking approach that was rooted in a belief in progress.
D) developed a rather pessimistic approach to the study of human behavior and believed that American society was in a lot of trouble are correct.

Question 71

The concept that represents the main features of a phenomenon such as bureaucracy is called

A) verstehen.
B) Gemeinschaft.
C) an ideal type.
D) objectivity.

Question 72

In regard to value-free sociology,Max Weber

A) argued for experimental research.
B) rejected the scientific model as a basis for sociology.
C) felt that sociologists must see the world as they believe it should be,not as it is.
D) argued for objectivity and control of personal biases.

Question 73

_________,a common but important idea that we use to understand social life,originated in the work of Max Weber.

A) Economic determinism
B) The Trinity
C) Suicide
D) The Protestant ethic

Question 74

In the early Twentieth Century,the women's world of sociology was centered at

A) the University of Chicago.
B) Hull House,a Chicago settlement house.
C) Smith College.
D) Vassar College.

Question 75

The "new breed" of sociologists of the 1960s and 1970s often C.Wright Mills because they felt it was too reactionary.

A) emphasized scientific objectivity in their work.
B) were actually major supporters of traditional sociology.
C) rejected the scientific neutrality view because it was insensitive to social problems and human suffering.
D) despised the theoretical work of

Question 76

The women of Hull House are credited with using _________ as research procedures?

A) experiments and surveys
B) participant and nonparticipant observation
C) archival and comparative research methods
D) community case studies and demographic mapping

Question 77

Critical theory

A) grew out of dissatisfaction with Marxism.
B) criticized sociology because it viewed individuals as passive and helpless entities locked in social structures.
C) grew out of conflict theory.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 78

Three theoretical frameworks that developed in contemporary sociology include

A) critical theory,feminism,and postmodernism.
B) feminism,functionalism,and neolocalism.
C) critical theory,feminism,and posthumanism.
D) postmodernism,theoreticalism,and neoculturalism.

Question 79

Founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr,the Hull House

A) promoted women's suffrage,stricter child-labor laws,and protection of working women.
B) promoted civic,recreational,and education programs.
C) invented the research techniques of community case study and demographic mapping.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 80

Feminism

A) is viewed as an intellectual movement in the humanities and social sciences.
B) examines women's roles and experiences in society.
C) attempts to avoid theories developed through the experiences and situation of women.
D) is viewed as an intellectual movement in the humanities and social sciences and examines women's roles and experiences in society are correct.