Deck 16: Reducing Risk for Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer

Question 1

After chemotherapy treatment,John's heart muscle was weakened.Pooling of blood is occurring within the system and the amount of blood that is circulating is decreased.His heart condition is called _________________.

A)congenital heart disease
B)arrhythmia
C)angina pectoris
D)congestive heart failure

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Sandra takes nitroglycerin tablets to treat her angina.What does this drug do to relieve the pain?

A)It constricts the blood vessels.
B)It dilates the veins.
C)It controls spasms.
D)It reduces overactivity of the heart.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Jorge had a mechanical pacemaker inserted to insure the smooth passage of blood through the sequential phase of each heartbeat.What part of the heart did this mechanism replace?

A)tricuspid valve
B)SA node
C)atrial pacemaker
D)mitral node

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Zach eats a high-fat diet.His diet will not only raise his cholesterol levels,but research shows that a high-fat diet can also ________________.

A)increase blood clotting
B)decrease fat metabolism
C)decrease calcium absorption
D)cause fluid retention

Question 5

Neka's doctor tells her that her heart's oxygen supply is reduced.What is the medical term for her condition?

A)ischemia
B)atherosclerosis
C)congenital heart disease
D)cardiac anemia

Question 6

Which blood vessels permit the exchange of oxygen,carbon dioxide,nutrients,and waste products with body cells?

A)arterioles
B)auxiliary arteries
C)capillaries
D)venules

Question 7

When Dee is in a highly stressful situation,her heart may beat up to ________ times a minute.

A)80
B)100
C)150
D)200

Question 8

Donald smokes and has high cholesterol.He has two of the three major causes of endothelial damage.What is the third?

A)family history of atherosclerosis
B)lack of exercise
C)dramatic fluctuations in blood pressure
D)previous heart attack

Question 9

Dianne's baby is born with a heart murmur.What is the term for this type of heart disease?

A)congestive heart disease
B)congenital heart disease
C)postnatal heart disease
D)infantile heart disease

Question 10

Joseph's doctor has advised him that if he takes this controllable measure,he will most dramatically decrease his risk for heart disease.Which of the following is the greatest controllable risk factor for heart disease?

A)diet
B)lack of activity
C)smoking
D)obesity

Question 11

Why is hypertension called the "silent killer"?

A)Because it is always fatal.
B)Because only elderly people die from hypertension.
C)Because it usually has no symptoms.
D)Because normal blood pressure varies.

Question 12

Patients whose angina is caused by spasms of the coronary arteries are often given drugs called ___.

A)nitroglycerides
B)beta blockers
C)calcium channel blockers
D)antihypertensives

Question 13

Julie's grandmother has "hardening of the arteries." What is the medical term for this condition?

A)arrhythmia
B)angina pectoris
C)myosclerosis
D)atherosclerosis

Question 14

A process of adaptation of the heart after a section has had minor damage by which blood flow is redirected through other areas of the heart is called __________________.

A)collective circulation
B)rerouting
C)coronary redirection
D)collateral circulation

Question 15

Dylan was told by his physician that the valve between his left atrium and left ventricle is malfunctioning.Which heart valve is this?

A)tricuspid
B)pulmonary
C)mitral
D)aortic

Question 16

Alexander's father died from the number one cause of death worldwide.From which disease did his dad die?

A)cancer
B)stroke
C)cardiovascular disease
D)AIDS

Question 17

Sabrina's aunt suffered from a cerebrovascular accident.What is the common name for this problem?

A)heart attack
B)stroke
C)angina
D)arrhythmia

Question 18

The cause for Lucinda's stroke was a weakened blood vessel that burst.What is the name for this cause?

A)blood clot
B)embolus
C)aneurysm
D)eruption

Question 19

Isiah has rheumatic heart disease.This occurred because he had which inflammatory type of infection?

A)staphylococcus
B)streptococcus
C)hepatitis
D)herpes

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true regarding development of atherosclerosis?

A)It can develop quickly, in just a few months.
B)Age of development of plaque may vary from person to person.
C)It usually occurs in the late 50s and 60s.
D)The most significant factor is lack of exercise.

Question 21

Watson has a waist girth that is significantly related to increased risk for hypertension and low HDL concentrations.His waist measurement is greater than ________.

A)92 cm
B)102 cm
C)112 cm
D)122 cm

Question 22

Daphne was diagnosed with cancer.Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by ____________.

A)uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
B)solid tumour development
C)replication of genetic material
D)predictable spreading of abnormal cell

Question 23

Alain had his cholesterol measured and it is in the moderate risk range for heart disease.What is this range?

A)200-250 mg/dl
B)200-220 mg/dl
C)190-220 mg/dl
D)200 -240 mg/dl

Question 24

Jerome was told that the tumour in his brain is malignant.What does malignant mean?

A)cancerous
B)spreading quickly
C)dormant
D)noncancerous

Question 25

Mika's physician does not know the cause of her hypertension.What is this type of hypertension called?

A)primary hypertension
B)essential hypertension
C)fundamental hypertension
D)secondary hypertension

Question 26

Dimitri just turned 65.What percentage of heart attacks occur in people his age or older?

A)50%
B)60%
C)75%
D)80%

Question 27

Ben is overweight and his doctor tells him to exercise to lose weight and thus help his heart.Why does obesity put a strain on the heart?

A)Extra fat cells use nutrients that would be used by the heart.
B)The heart works harder to supply blood to the extra pounds of fat.
C)The change in metabolism slows the heart.
D)Muscle cells are drawn out of the heart to supply other areas.

Question 28

Andreas is about to undergo a procedure which produces three dimensional images of the heart as blood flows through it.What is this procedure called?

A)positron emission tomography
B)cardiac imaging
C)radionuclide imaging
D)electrocardiogram

Question 29

Which of the following describes a healthy cholesterol value?

A)Triglyceride levels must be increased.
B)We need to increase levels of LDLs in the body.
C)We need to manage the ratio of HDL to total cholesterol.
D)We only have to increase HDLs but can still eat as much saturated fat as we like.

Question 30

The method of heart disease diagnosis in which a needle-thin tube is threaded through the blocked arteries is called a(n)__________________________.

A)electrocardiogram
B)angiography
C)MRI
D)radionuclide imaging

Question 31

Eugene has high blood pressure as a result of his obesity.This type of hypertension is called _______.

A)primary hypertension
B)essential hypertension
C)fundamental hypertension
D)secondary hypertension

Question 32

Sophia was just diagnosed with hypertension.High blood pressure is usually defined as a reading that exceeds _______________.

A)120/80
B)130/85
C)140/90
D)150/95

Question 33

Miguel has been a construction worker for 20 years.What fibrous carcinogen,once widely used in construction,was he exposed to?

A)nickel chromate
B)benzene
C)asbestos
D)vinyl chloride

Question 34

If excess fat accumulates around a person's upper body and waist,he/she has the shape of a(n)___.

A)pear
B)banana
C)apple
D)cantaloupe

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true regarding race and heart disease?

A)First Nations and White races have the same incident rate of heart disease.
B)Blacks experience more intense heart attacks.
C)White men have the highest rates of heart disease of all races.
D)First Nations and Inuit populations have a greater incidence of heart problems compared with Canadians as a whole.

Question 36

Delores' doctor wants her to have a test to determine if she has heart disease.He recommends a test in which Delores will run on a treadmill while her heart functions are monitored.This test is called a(n)_____________________.

A)angiography
B)electrocardiogram
C)ultrafast computed tomography test
D)magnetic resonance imaging

Question 37

Woody has recently had angioplasty surgery.What are the chances that his newly treated arteries will become blocked again within six months?

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 38

Benign tumours are harmless unless they ________________.

A)turn malignant
B)obstruct normal tissue or organs
C)are left untreated
D)suppress the immune system

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true regarding aspirin and heart disease?

A)There is conclusive evidence that shows low-dose aspirin is beneficial to heart patients.
B)Aspirin should only be taken when recommended by a physician.
C)It has not been approved for patients undergoing heart surgery.
D)It has not been advised as a preventive strategy for people without symptoms.

Question 40

Darlene had a tumour removed from her breast.A recent biopsy has shown that the cancer is now in her lymph nodes.The spread of malignant cells throughout the body is called ________________.

A)metastasis
B)transference
C)transvergence
D)directional malignance

Question 41

Wyatt is experiencing a wound that won't seem to heal,changes in his vision and tiredness.These symptoms are common in the diagnosis of what condition?

A)skin cancer
B)hepatitis
C)diabetes
D)hypertension

Question 42

Hector has been diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease.What type of cancer is this?

A)carcinoma
B)lymphoma
C)melanoma
D)sarcoma

Question 43

Suzanne has been married 3 times and has just been diagnosed with cervical cancer.Which of the following is a risk factor for cervical cancer?

A)late menarche
B)multiple sex partners
C)not having children
D)taking oral contraceptives

Question 44

Sherri is concerned about the possibility of getting breast cancer.Considering other risk factors as normal,after what age would it be recommended to have a mammogram?

A)20 years
B)55 years
C)30 years
D)not until she is 40

Question 45

________ is one of the food additives suspected of causing cancer.

A)Sodium chloride
B)Potassium chloride
C)Sodium nitrate
D)Potassium nitrate

Question 46

A major cancer killer of young women is called ____________________.

A)malignant melanoma
B)malignant carcinoma
C)squamous cell skin cancer
D)basal cell skin cancer

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true regarding radiation and cancer?

A)Nonionizing radiation (e.g.microwaves, computers) has been a proven cause of cancer.
B)Ionizing radiation is the only form of radiation proven to cause cancer.
C)Cancer clusters occur more frequently near nuclear power plants than in other areas.
D)Ultraviolet radiation has been deemed safe.

Question 48

Stewart is diagnosed with testicular cancer.His age falls within the age group at highest risk for testicular cancer.What age group is this?

A)17-34
B)25-50
C)35-45
D)45-55

Question 49

Tracy goes to doctor with a large mole that has suddenly changed in appearance.It has an irregular border and uneven colour,and has recently become asymmetrical.What is the likely diagnosis?

A)malignant carcinoma
B)squamous cell skin cancer
C)basal cell skin cancer
D)malignant melanoma

Question 50

Marie was diagnosed with a highly curable form of skin cancer.What is it called?

A)malignant melanoma
B)malignant carcinoma
C)squamous skin cell cancer
D)nuclei cancer

Question 51

Carol develops the type of cancer that occurs in one out of nine women at some time in their lives.What type of cancer is it?

A)lung
B)colon
C)cervical
D)breast

Question 52

Barney is diagnosed with colorectal cancer.The prognosis for this type of cancer is good because ________________.

A)treatments are so advanced
B)the disease progresses slowly
C)it can be cured with diet
D)treatment can be delayed

Question 53

Trevor eats red meat just about every day.It is not the sodium nitrate in the meat he eats that is a carcinogen but ________ that are formed when he digests the sodium nitrates.

A)cholimines
B)nitrosamines
C)nitroamylates
D)acetylcholines

Question 54

What percentage of lung cancers in developing countries could be avoided if people did not smoke?

A)40%
B)50%
C)80%
D)100%

Question 55

When Angeline seeks treatment for this sexually transmitted virus,her doctor tells her that it has been linked to an increased risk for cervical cancer.What virus is it?

A)hepatitis B
B)AIDS
C)human papilloma
D)chlamydia

Question 56

Colin's diet is high in fat and low in fibre.These dietary habits can increase his risk of what type of cancer?

A)prostate
B)lung
C)colon
D)stomach

Question 57

Kachina has been diagnosed with cancer of the connective tissue.What type of cancer is it?

A)carcinoma
B)lymphoma
C)melanoma
D)sarcoma

Question 58

Jacob develops the type of cancer that is the third leading cause of cancer death for men.What type of cancer is it?

A)lung
B)prostate
C)colon
D)bladder

Question 59

The main risk factor for ovarian cancer appears to be exposure to ____________________.

A)electromagnetic fields
B)ionized radiation
C)reproductive hormone estrogen
D)nitrates in food

Question 60

Joseph is a 40-year-old male.At what age should he begin to get yearly prostate-specific antigen tests?

A)40
B)45
C)50
D)55

Question 61

Which of the following is true about chemotherapy?

A)Chemotherapeutic agents are toxic to all tumours.
B)It can cause damage to the body systems.
C)Nausea is not a side effect.
D)There are no negative side effects from this treatment.

Question 62

Obesity has a two-fold affect on cardiovascular disease risk because it also increases risk of ______________ which,in turn,increases risk of cardiovascular disease.

A)type 1 diabetes
B)emphysema
C)a compromised immune system
D)asthma

Question 63

The term used to describe suspected cancer-causing genes which are present on chromosomes is _______________.

A)oncogenes
B)anticogenes
C)protooncogenes
D)neocogenes

Question 64

Which of the following is true about leukemia?

A)It is a childhood disease.
B)Survival rates have not improved over the years.
C)Rates are highest in young white females.
D)Symptoms include hemorrhaging, weight loss, and repeated infections.

Question 65

Frank was rushed to the hospital after suffering a mild form of stroke.The medical term for a mild stroke is a ________________.

A)transient myocardial infection
B)transient ischemic attack
C)transient coronary thrombosis
D)transient myocardial fibrillation

Question 66

Capillaries are larger than arteries.

Question 67

High blood pressure is considered the leading cause for stroke and a major factor for heart disease.

Question 68

There are no obvious signs of ovarian cancer until late in its development.

Question 69

Research has shown that a diet ___________ may play a role in preventing ovarian cancer.

A)low in trans fats
B)low in protein
C)high in fibre
D)low in saturated fats

Question 70

Allan's blood pressure exceeds 140/90.His cardiologist has advised him to take which of the following measure to lower his blood pressure?

A)Reduce daily smoking from 2 packs to 1 pack.
B)Attain a healthy body weight.
C)Eat more red meats.
D)Don't worry about stress.

Question 71

An aneurysm is a wandering blood clot that can cause a stroke.

Question 72

Oxygenated blood from the lungs returns to the left ventricle of the heart.

Question 73

50% of premature deaths from CVD could be prevented through a healthy diet,regular exercise and avoiding tobacco.

Question 74

Not only are smokers more likely to develop cardiovascular disease but they are also four times more likely to ______________.

A)develop bronchiolitis
B)develop cavities
C)die suddenly after a heart attack
D)Have a chronic bladder infection

Question 75

Research indicates that triglycerides greater than or equal to 1.7 mmol/L increase the risk for coronary heart disease.

Question 76

Radiotherapy destroys healthy cells while treating malignant cells.

Question 77

Lester had chemotherapy to shrink the tumour in his stomach,then he had a type of therapy used to destroy any remaining malignant cells.What is this treatment called?

A)radiotherapy
B)co-chemotherapy
C)adjuvant chemotherapy
D)neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Question 78

Skin cancer is one of the most underrated of all cancers.

Question 79

Raymond has been diagnosed with oral cancer.He knew he was at risk because he ______________.

A)had a family history of the disease
B)had poor dental hygiene
C)used smokeless tobacco
D)worked with asbestos

Question 80

Despite advances in medical technology,survival rates for lung cancer have improved only slightly in recent years.