Deck 16: Sexual Coercion

Question 1

Nancy was sexually assaulted last night on her way home from a nice night out.Based on what you know about the statistics of sexual assault,who is most likely the assailant?

A)the taxi driver that drove her home
B)her lesbian neighbour who flirts with her every time she sees her
C)the guy she went on a date with that night
D)the street man who is often outside her apartment building

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Most of the emotional consequences of a sexual assault

A)last the lifetime of the victim.
B)are relatively insignificant compared to the physical effects of the sexual assault.
C)begin to lessen in a few months after the sexual assault and many,but not all,differences between sexually assaulted women and non-victimized women disappear.
D)begin to increase in intensity about three months after the sexual assault.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When William was 19 years old,he was swarmed by a group of boys after work late at night.The boys held William down,stripped him,and simulated anal and oral sex against him.Which of the following answers indicates the difference between how the criminal law was relevant to William in 1982 compared to today?

A)The law works the same for William in 1982 and today;his experience was scary but it was not a sexual assault because there was no penetration.
B)In 1982,the law did not recognize sexual assault on a man or that was not penetrative;today,the laws would recognize William's experience as sexual assault.
C)The law works the same for William in 1982 and today;his experience would be considered sexual assault.
D)The law between 1982 and today changed in terms of sexual assault,but this is a case of pure violence and would not be prosecuted as sexual assault.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Sexual assault by someone who is known to the victim (i.e. ,date rape,social sexual assault)

A)is difficult to identify.
B)is relatively rare for women who date university students.
C)appears to occur primarily in high schools.
D)is a common occurrence in Canadian society,being much more frequent than sexual assault by a stranger.

Question 5

Which one of the following was NOT a criticism of Canadian rape law prior to 1983?

A)Only forced heterosexual intercourse was considered rape.
B)The complainant's testimony was enough to convict.
C)Husbands could not be charged with raping their wives.
D)A victim's prior sexual activity was admissible as court evidence.

Question 6

Emotional reactions immediately following a sexual assault are generally severe.The high levels of distress generally reach a peak _______ after the assault and continue at a high level for a month.

A)5 hours
B)2 days
C)3 weeks
D)4 months

Question 7

According to Statistics Canada,what percent of Canadian women have been assaulted by their husband/common-law partner?

A)20%
B)15%
C)8%
D)5%

Question 8

approximately _________ percent of women reported being sexually assaulted by a man since the age of 16

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Question 9

Which one of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the Canadian Criminal Code definition of sexual assault?

A)Vaginal intercourse must be involved in order to qualify as a sexual assault.
B)Sexual activity must involve the threat of physical harm with a weapon.
C)Both men and women can be victims of a sexual assault or can be charged with sexual assault.
D)The crucial point is that the victim did nothing to encourage the sexual assault (e.g.,dressed suggestively).

Question 10

In 1980,Valery was sexually assaulted at a frat party.Her assaulter was a boy that she had a crush on and was initially excited to be getting attention from.However,when Valery was alone with the boy away from the party rooms,he quickly and forcefully pushed her against the wall and penetrated her under her skirt.Valery was upset and ashamed of what happened.She ran back to her dorm,showered,and cried herself to sleep.Weeks later,she finally told her good friend and roommate what had happened.But she would not report the assault to the police saying that they wouldn't be able to do anything anyways.Which of the following is MOST TRUE regarding Valery's beliefs that lead her to not report the incident?

A)Because of where the assault occurred,what Valery did after the assault,and the time since the assault,she is probably accurate in her statement.
B)Despite the events that lead up to and after the assault,Valery still has a chance of conviction if she were to report.
C)Because Valery knew and was attracted to her assaulter,it is not really a sexual assault under the criminal code at the time.
D)Valery is correct that the police can't do much because sexual assault in 1980 was a civil offence.

Question 11

The definition of sexual assault includes all EXCEPT

A)consensual oral sex
B)vaginal penetration when the victim is incapable of giving consent
C)anal penetration obtained by force
D)being touched in a manner that is not desired

Question 12

Which of the following people is at a higher than average risk of experiencing a sexual assault?

A)Alex,a 21-year-old Carribean-Canadian university student
B)Jeremy,a 31-year-old Latin-Canadian petite gay man
C)Lee,a 32-year-old Asian-Canadian woman who lives in an Asian community
D)Paulette,a 26-year-old Caucasian woman with down syndrome

Question 13

Several explanations have been offered explaining why sexually aggressive men misperceive women's communications.Your text states that research evidence supports which possible explanation?

A)These men generally believe that women do not communicate honestly and have suspicious cognitions.
B)These men lack competence in "reading" women's negative emotions.
C)These men fail to make subtle distinctions between women's friendliness and seductiveness.
D)Simple skills training in communication is the best option in changing these men.

Question 14

Sexual assault occurs when a person does not consent to sexual activities.Which of the following can be interpreted as consensual sex?

A)A boyfriend has intercourse with his girlfriend who has passed out from drinking.
B)A man gets drunk,meets up with an ex-girlfriend,and they end up having wild sex at his place.
C)A woman agrees to have intercourse with a new boyfriend,but just before penetration occurs she says "no," then lies still while her boyfriend performs intercourse.
D)A woman performs fellatio on a man she met at a bar,until he reaches orgasm.During the sexual activity the man repeatedly says "no."

Question 15

According to the 2004 General Social Survey,what percent of women who have been sexually assaulted reported the assault to the police?

A)8
B)12
C)18
D)24

Question 16

The most crucial point about sexual assault as defined by the Criminal Code of Canada is that

A)forced vaginal intercourse is part of the definition.
B)forced intercourse in marriage is part of the definition.
C)the activity is nonconsensual.
D)the sexual assailant (rapist)is male and the victim is female.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an indication that your friend may have been slipped one of the "date-rape drugs"? Your friend displays

A)sedation.
B)anger.
C)hallucinations.
D)amnesia the following day.

Question 18

Who,in the following list,will never experience sexual assault?

A)Fred,a 30-year-old Italian immigrant
B)Juanita,a 42-year-old Spanish immigrant
C)Lenard,a 51-year-old Asian immigrant
D)Although some people are more at risk than others,anyone can experience sexual assault.

Question 19

The kind of sexual assault which is most likely to be based on some kind of misperception on the part of the assailant is

A)date sexual assault
B)marital sexual assault
C)prison sexual assault
D)statutory sexual assault

Question 20

The kind of program and/or therapy suggested by Hyde,DeLamater,and Byers as most likely effective for treating "date rapists" is

A)teaching young women self-defence.
B)skills training that enables the sexual aggressor to read women's emotions.
C)hormone treatment that reduces the man's sexual drive.
D)cognitive therapy with the goal being to get the man to change his suspicious schema.

Question 21

Recently,the concept ________________ has been applied to better understand the emotional and physical effects a woman undergoes following a sexual assault or an attempted sexual assault.

A)victim-precipitated guilt (VPG)
B)psychopathology
C)rape trauma syndrome (RTS)
D)post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 22

Post-traumatic stress disorder as it applies to sexual assault victims includes which of the following?

A)Feeling more at ease in all locations and activities now that the worst case scenario (i.e.,sexual assault)has already occurred and can be forgotten
B)A complete loss of memory for the event
C)Always feeling 'on edge' (i.e.,difficulty sleeping,concentration difficulties,irritability)
D)A greater belief in one's ability to handle any future assaults

Question 23

The theory that represents the view that sexual aggressors are the product of gender-role socialization and links the relationship between using sex and power is

A)feminist theory
B)victim-precipitated theory
C)rapist-precipitated theory
D)cognitive theory

Question 24

Research indicates that a number of cultural and individual factors contribute to sexual assault.__________ are culturally transmitted messages that convey society's expectations about how men and women are supposed to act in sexual situations.

A)Sexual scripts
B)Early family influences
C)Peer-group influences
D)Masculinity norms

Question 25

Which one of the following does a survivor of sexual assault NOT need?

A)comfort
B)to be believed
C)to be told that you will "get the bastard who did this"
D)obtain medical assistance

Question 26

Pam believes that she could never know a man who would commit a sexual assault because men who do these things are mentally disturbed.Pam's beliefs reflect this theory of sexual assault:

A)psychopathology of sex offenders theory
B)feminist theory
C)victim-precipitated theory
D)sexual scripts theory

Question 27

The authors of your text report on an interview about a sexual assault experienced by a second-year university student,committed by a football player called "G".The effects of this sexual assault

A)lasted through her undergraduate years and much of her medical training until she was able to turn the self-blame and depression around with the help of her supervisor and friends.
B)were minimal because she eventually went on to medical school and became a Medical Doctor.
C)ended with the victim finally accepting that ultimately the sexual assault was her fault.This acceptance led to her healing process.
D)ended in the victim dropping out of university and becoming a prostitute for about 10 years until she became a born-again Christian that helped her resolve her feeling of guilt and self-blame.

Question 28

The sexual assault experienced by the second-year university student,committed by the football player "G"

A)was about a "date rape."
B)had very few long term effects.
C)ended in the victim pressing charges and a suspended sentence for the offender.
D)began in the context of a relationship where previous sexual intercourse had been quite successful,but the presence of alcohol changed that.

Question 29

Spousal sexual assault

A)is legally impossible,since sex in marriage is assumed.
B)is often associated with marital violence.
C)when it does happen,does not have lasting affects on the marital relationship since it is significantly different than stranger or acquaintance sexual assault.
D)is so rare that it is very difficult to get a sample large enough to study.

Question 30

Accepting this theoretical view of sexual assault,one would likely recommend psychological treatment for the perpetrator rather than incarceration.

A)Victim-precipitated
B)Social disorganization
C)Feminist
D)Psychopathology of sex offenders

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a common physical injury that women suffer from a sexual assault?

A)throat irritation
B)cuts and bruises
C)vaginal pain
D)broken bones

Question 32

Which of the following is typically NOT a motivation behind marital sexual assault?

A)anger
B)power
C)irrepressible love
D)sadism

Question 33

Sexual assault in our society

A)affects almost all,if not all,women in their behaviour.
B)has no affect on men.
C)is something most of us can do nothing about.It is just part of the human condition.
D)can be eliminated if offenders knew that they would be castrated as punishment.

Question 34

While talking with her best friend,Hae Sook confides that she was drugged and sexually assaulted.Hae Sook's friend notices that she keeps commenting on her own stupidity for letting someone buy her a drink at the bar,drinking too much,and not having a safe plan for getting home with her friends.Hae Sook's comments are an example of

A)self-blame.
B)searching for the real reason for the sexual assault.
C)blaming the offender.
D)assessing damage to the woman's mental health.

Question 35

What percentage of women who are sexually assaulted become pregnant as a result of the assault?

A)50
B)35
C)15
D)5

Question 36

found that ____% of respondents had been sexually assaulted by their current or former spouse.

A)15
B)3
C)8
D)20

Question 37

All of the following are things friends can do to support a woman who has been sexually assaulted EXCEPT

A)listen to her.
B)offer to stay with her-don't leave her alone.
C)tell her she is not to blame.
D)take control by pushing her to make decisions.

Question 38

Which theoretical view of sexual assault suggests that sexual assault is a direct function of disrupted social interactions within a community?

A)Feminist
B)Social disorganization
C)Sociobiological
D)Interactionist

Question 39

Which of the following is a correct statement about the causes of sexual assault in a society?

A)The cultural context may contribute to a climate that encourages sexual assault.
B)Rapists themselves are not that responsible for their actions;it is the culture in which they live.
C)Victims of sexual assault must bear a large part of the responsibility for the occurrence of sexual assault.
D)Pornography of any kind seems to decrease the likelihood that men will commit sexual assault.

Question 40

Tamika felt completely traumatized and had many negative reactions for about a month following a sexual assault by a work acquaintance.After dealing with her initial emotional reaction,she found herself feeling a greater purpose in life.She started eating healthier,took up martial arts,and began volunteering at her community sexual assault centre.Tamika's personal changes suggest that she experienced

A)post-traumatic growth.
B)acute traumatic stress reaction.
C)denial about the trauma of her experience.
D)initial overwhelming emotions followed by emotional avoidance.

Question 41

Which of the following is equally TRUE of adult male and female survivors of sexual assault?

A)Male and female survivors experience the same amount of victim blaming.
B)There are about an equal number of male and female survivors of sexual assault.
C)Some men and some women experience PTSD as a result of sexual assault.
D)Male survivors recover more quickly than female survivors after a sexual assault.

Question 42

Victor's group of friends regularly go to the bar and try to pick up women.They do not take rejection well and frequently become aggressive with women who decline their advances.One night,Victor sexually assaults a woman he met at the bar.Which of the following factors is MOST clearly related to Victor's sexual aggression?

A)being part of a peer group where members were likely to have used sexual aggression
B)need for understanding what women want
C)growing up in a violent home
D)history of easily picking up women who agree to have sex

Question 43

In what year was the National Sex Offender Registry implemented?

A)1989
B)1994
C)1999
D)2004

Question 44

The most frequent suggestion to end sexual assault in prison given by the prisoners themselves is to

A)administer hormone therapy on a wide-scale basis which has the consequence of chemical castration.
B)increase the number of guards.
C)segregate those who are most vulnerable.
D)put the offenders in isolation.

Question 45

The age of consent for anal intercourse is

A)12
B)14
C)16
D)18

Question 46

Which of the following has research found is different between pedophiles and non-pedophile offender and/or controls?

A)Pedophiles have lower Iqs.
B)Pedophiles are more likely to have be poor.
C)Pedophiles are almost all exclusively attracted to their same sex.
D)Pedophiles are more likely to be hockey players.

Question 47

Zeke believes that men have strong sex drives that are difficult if not impossible to control and that women,especially romantic partners,are supposed to satisfy men's sexual impulses.Given Zeke's beliefs,you are not surprised to learn that Zeke

A)is a repeat sex offender.
B)has erectile difficulties.
C)is a closeted gay man.
D)is a virgin.

Question 48

Which of the following is associated with more severe symptoms for a child who is a victim of sexual abuse?

A)the perpetrator receives a light sentence
B)the child is female
C)penetration did not occur
D)testifying once against the perpetrator as opposed to repeatedly

Question 49

Traditional sexual scripts play a role in supporting sexual assault by

A)supporting equality between men and women.
B)conveying the message that the man is supposed to be oversexed and the sexual "aggressor."
C)introducing the idea that it is okay for the woman to be the sexual "aggressor."
D)stating that the man needs to have more empathy in social relationships.

Question 50

In attempting to identify pedophiles,researchers have found that

A)using child pornography appears to be a good indicator of pedophiliA.
B)it is almost impossible to identify pedophiles.
C)many people who are not pedophiles sill show still cognitive associations with children and sex.
D)the best way to identify pedophiles is by examining people's own experiences with being a victim of sexual abuse.

Question 51

Early family influences may play a role in shaping a man into a sexual aggressor.Specifically,young men who are sexual aggressors are likely to have

A)had a dominant mother.
B)had a patriarchal family structure.
C)been sexually abused in childhood.
D)been unpopular in school.

Question 52

Which of the following is the best predictor of recidivism in child molesters?

A)intelligence
B)intrafamilial offenses
C)socioeconomic status
D)intensity of sexual arousal to children

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT identified in your text as a characteristic of sexual aggression by women toward men?

A)It usually occurs in heterosexual dating situations.
B)Women use verbal forms of pressure to influence the male to engage in unwanted sexual activity.
C)Requests made by the male to stop sexual activity are often ignored.
D)Women's physical strength generally has been increasing over time to the point that males are no longer certain to be able to protect themselves.

Question 54

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pedophiles?

A)Their patterns of preference tend to be unstable over time.
B)They score low measures of heterosocial competence.
C)They are all child molesters.
D)Child molesters tend not to be repeat offenders.

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of a woman committing sexual aggression against a man?

A)Sexual scripts contribute to the occurrence.
B)They use restraint with an object,such as handcuffs,to force sexual activity on men.
C)People express more lenience on female perpetrators compared to male.
D)Only 1.5% of adults convicted of a sexual office in 2000 were women.

Question 56

Which one of the following factors has been linked to why Canadian men may misinterpret a woman's friendly behaviour as a sexual invitation?

A)lack of social understanding
B)emotional immaturity
C)willful misinterpretation
D)lack of direct verbal consent

Question 57

Which of the following is TRUE regarding research on the theories of sexual assault?

A)There is support for most women causing their own sexual assault.
B)There is no support for most men who commit sexual assault having psychological disorders.
C)Psychopathology is a more common cause of sexual assault then hypermasculinity.
D)Social factors have not been linked to sexual assault.

Question 58

Kareem is an openly bisexual man who is currently in a happy monogamous relationship with Lisa.At work,Kareem is often on the same projects as Karl,a friend and colleague.Kareem and Karl were working late on a big project when Karl leaned in and started kissing and touching Kareem.When the shock of Karl's behaviour passed,Kareem pulled away and with surprise asked Karl what was happening.Karl persisted with his behaviour stating that he knew Kareem wanted him;he could feel that he was hard.Karl then forcefully undid Kareem's pants and,holding Kareem's hands back,gave him oral sex.Kareem felt terrible and didn't want Karl to continue but also did not know what to do.Which of the following is TRUE of this situation?

A)Kareem's bisexual urges needed to be satisfied outside of his primary,mixed-sex relationship.
B)Kareem consented to engaging in extradyadic sex with Karl.
C)Karl's ignorance of Kareem's lack of consent makes this a situation of sexual assault.
D)Karl was right about Kareem wanting him,so obviously his behaviour is warranteD.

Question 59

All of the following are situational factors that can influence and increase the chance of sexual assault EXCEPT

A)war.
B)parties where alcohol is involved to an excessive degree.
C)being in a secluded or private place.
D)night time.

Question 60

Which of the following is TRUE about the prevalence of sexual assault on men by women?

A)Police reports likely greatly underestimate the prevalence of female sex offenders and of men who have been sexually assaulted by a woman.
B)So few men are sexually assaulted by women that it makes little sense to collect data on these experiences.
C)Men are more likely than women to report sexual assault.
D)Men are more likely to report sexual assault to a male police officer than to a female police officer.

Question 61

Sexual abuse of children

A)usually doesn't occur until the child reaches puberty.
B)can occur at very young ages (less than age 7).
C)is directed primarily at young boys.
D)is usually perpetrated on the child by the mother.

Question 62

In order to really prevent sexual assault by men in North American society it is necessary to

A)severely punish those who commit sexually assault.
B)make certain those who sexually assault are punished and not ignored.
C)radically restructure our ideas of masculinity and the way males are socialized.
D)radically restructure our ideas of sexuality so that men and women no longer play games while dating.

Question 63

Sexual assaults that occur in prisons are likely to be

A)a means of establishing a dominance hierarchy.
B)committed by men at the bottom of the dominance hierarchy.
C)perpetrated by gangs of prisoners or lone guards.
D)expressions of aggression toward guards.

Question 64

According to the findings of the Ethnocultural Communities Facing AIDS study reported by the authors of your text,in the English-speaking Caribbean communities in Canada,people who ________ were more likely to report that they had experienced sexual coercion.

A)were younger
B)were older
C)had been in Canada for a longer period of time
D)had been in Canada for a shorter period of time

Question 65

Which of the following trends in rates of child sexual abuse WAS NOT reported in your text?

A)More girls than boys are victims of child sexual abuse.
B)Child sexual abuse is reported about as often as it occurs.
C)Child sexual abuse in girls is 4 times more likely to be reported than is reported for boys.
D)Child sexual abuse against 12- to 17-year-olds is more likely to be reported than that against younger children.

Question 66

Cassandra is 13 and her boyfriend Greg is 18.They have been together since Cassandra was 12,about a year.Until recently,their sexual activity involved making out with a little over-the-clothes breast fondling.Recently,Cassandra has become worried that Greg is more interested in sex and will leave her if they don't become more sexual.So she has initiated more sexual contact,and skin-on-skin contact.Tonight,she plans to have sex with Greg.Cassandra and Greg's behaviour is

A)typical of teens their age.
B)illegal in Canada.
C)something that would have been illegal in Canada in the past but isn't anymore.
D)legal because they are dating but would be illegal if they were not.

Question 67

Which of the following societal changes would address both sexual assaults committed by men against women and by women against men?

A)making sex easier to talk about
B)decreasing the reliance on non-verbal consent
C)combating male sexual stereotypes regarding desire
D)decreasing the emphasis of aggression in concepts of masculinity

Question 68

Sexual assault is often an expression of power and dominance.The clearest example of sexual assault as a means of power and dominance is likely

A)statutory sexual assault
B)marital sexual assault
C)date sexual assault
D)prison sexual assault

Question 69

Helen and Tyrone are developing a sexual assault awareness program for their school.They are using the Human Sexuality text to identify the messages they want to include in their campaign.Which of the following sayings is UNLIKELY to make their cut?

A)Real women are strong,firm,and forceful when they want to say No.
B)Don't be shy-scream about the sex you don't want as much as the sex you want.
C)Your body shows a lot more than your words.
D)If your gut says something is wrong,it is probably right.

Question 70

Ruben is a grade school teacher.He is selecting a sexual assault program to deliver to his classes.Ruben wants to be sure that the program he gives has the best chance of impacting the children.Which of the following will Ruben want to ensure is part of his program?

A)booster sessions later on,and for older-aged children
B)parental component
C)role play
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 71

Approximately how many women reported feeling worried when walking alone in their neighbourhood after dark?

A)40%
B)50%
C)60%
D)70%

Question 72

When a man is sexually assaulted in a prison,

A)severe emotional consequences usually result.
B)the form of sexual assault is fellatio.
C)it is carried out by other prisoners 100 percent of the time.
D)he is usually forced to take the active role-the inserter.

Question 73

Which of the following is recognized as sexual exploitation of the children in the Criminal Code of Canada?

A)sexual interference
B)sexual assault
C)invitation to sexual touching
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 74

Which one of the following people could be charged under Canadian law for having sex with 14-year-old Jordanna?

A)Margaret,Jordanna's 19-year-old camp counsellor
B)Steve,Jordanna's 19-year-old neighbour
C)Robin,Jordanna's 19-year-old friend she met on the internet
D)Charles,Jordanna's 13-year-old boyfriend

Question 75

Which of the following is LEGAL under the Criminal Code of Canada?

A)showing a 10-year-old pornography.
B)demonstrating how to have sexual intercourse to a 12-year-old boy.
C)requesting oral sex from a 13-year-old girl over instant messenger.
D)None of these activities are legal in Canada.

Question 76

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the rates of child sexual abuse?

A)Youth aged 12-17 have higher rates of sexual abuse than those aged 3-11.
B)10% of girls and 7% of boys were sexually abused by a stranger.
C)10% of girls and 7% of boys were sexually abused by a family member.
D)Between 20 and 34% of boys and 34 and 54% of girls were sexually abused by someone they knew including family members.

Question 77

After reading the Understanding Human Sexuality textbook,Helen decided to take a self-defence class.She said she was spurred to do so after reading which of the following in the chapter on Sexual Coercion?

A)Avoiding situations where there is high risk of sexual assault is a key way of preventing sexual assault.
B)Self-defence techniques give women confidence in their stride that makes them a less likely target of sexual assault.
C)Fighting back seems to impeded sexual assault attempts.
D)Men fear women who have muscle mass.

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT common across programs that are designed to prevent child sexual abuse and are aimed at children?

A)teaching the difference between good and bad touches
B)emphasize telling a trusted adult if someone sexually abuses them or tries to
C)teachers deliver the program to young children
D)reassure and emphasize that the child is never to blame

Question 79

Which of the following statements about child sexual abuse is FALSE?

A)The great majority of child sexual abusers are male.
B)Females are more likely to be victims of child sexual abuse than are males.
C)Most cases of child sexual abuse are not reported.
D)Males are more likely to be victims of child sexual abuse than are females.

Question 80

With regard to ethnicity and sexual assault,which of the following was a finding of the Ethnocultural Communities Facing AIDS study?

A)Members of South Asian communities were more likely to indicate they had experienced sexual assault than members of either Latin American or English-speaking Caribbean communities.
B)Members of English-speaking Caribbean communities were more likely to indicate they had experienced sexual assault than members of either Latin American or South Asian communities.
C)Members of Latin American communities were more likely to indicate they had experienced sexual assault than members of either English-speaking Caribbean or South Asian communities.
D)There were no noticeable differences from one community to the other.