Deck 1: Sexuality in Perspective

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of religious understandings of sexuality?

A)The ancient Greeks condemned homosexual behavior.
B)Muslims have believed that sexual intercourse is one of the finest pleasures of life.
C)Fifteenth-century Christians believed that "wet dreams" resulted from homosexual behavior.
D)Fifteenth-century Christians believed that a person who had "wet dreams" had great spiritual powers.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Identify the Viennese physician who contributed to our understanding of the psychological aspects of human sexuality and who is also credited as the founder of psychiatry and psychoanalysis.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Oskar Hertwig
C)Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D)Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The first institute of sexual research was founded by

A)Alfred Kinsey.
B)Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
C)Henry Havelock Ellis.
D)Magnus HirschfelD.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The Victorian era,from which Freud and Ellis emerged,was characterized by

A)sexual permissiveness for both sexes.
B)aberrant and obscene sensuality.
C)sexual repression.
D)sexual fulfillment.

Question 5

Which of the following was an accomplishment of early sex researcher Magnus Hirschfeld?

A)He established the first journal on the study of sex.
B)He was the first to observe the ovum in humans.
C)He coined the terms heterosexuality and homosexuality.
D)He was the founder of psychiatry and psychoanalysis.

Question 6

Identify the early sex researcher who coined the concepts of sadism,masochism,and pedophilia.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Magnus Hirschfeld
C)Henry Havelock Ellis
D)Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Question 7

Fifteenth-century Christians believed that wet dreams resulted from

A)intercourse with tiny spiritual creatures.
B)hidden homosexual behavior.
C)sexual dreams.
D)weak control over the body.

Question 8

According to the text,the term _____ specifically refers to the state of being male or female.

A)sexual anatomy
B)gender
C)sexual behavior
D)sex

Question 9

Which of the following scientists first observed the actual fertilization of the egg by the sperm in sea urchins?

A)Henry Havelock Ellis
B)Oskar Hertwig
C)Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D)Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Question 10

Which of the following scientists discovered sperm swimming in human semen?

A)Henry Havelock Ellis
B)Oskar Hertwig
C)Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D)Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Question 11

Which of the following societies openly acknowledged homosexuality and heterosexuality?

A)the ancient Greeks
B)twentieth-century Chinese
C)fifteenth-century Christians
D)the Victorian Europeans

Question 12

When the early sex researchers began their work in the Victorian Era,the late 1800s,the norms about sexuality were extraordinarily

A)rigid and oppressive.
B)hedonistic.
C)liberal.
D)similar to that of the ancient Greeks.

Question 13

According to the Malleus Maleficarum,the person who had wet dreams was guilty of

A)incestuous relationships.
B)unsafe sexual practices.
C)homosexuality and bestiality.
D)sodomy and witchcraft.

Question 14

_____ was the author of "Studies in the Psychology of Sex."

A)Richard von Krafft-Ebing
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Magnus Hirschfeld
D)Henry Havelock Ellis

Question 15

Richard von Krafft-Ebing had a special interest in _____.

A)normative sexual behavior in children
B)pathological sexuality
C)sexual malfunction
D)sexually transmitted diseases

Question 16

According to the text,sexual behavior is defined as

A)penis-in-vagina intercourse.
B)the behavior that is chiefly associated with reproduction.
C)the behavior that produces arousal and increases the chance of orgasm.
D)the sexual activity that is associated with masculine and feminine roles in some way.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about Henry Havelock Ellis?

A)He was a psychologist by profession.
B)He believed that women,like men,are sexual creatures.
C)He urged the society to reject sexual deviations.
D)He was primarily interested in the study of sexually-deviant behaviors.

Question 18

For the ancient Greeks,the norm of sexuality in their society was

A)persecution of homosexuals.
B)homosexuality.
C)open participation in both heterosexuality and homosexuality.
D)open heterosexuality and repressed homosexuality.

Question 19

Psychopathia Sexualis was authored by

A)Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
B)Henry Havelock Ellis.
C)Magnus Hirschfeld.
D)Sigmund FreuD.

Question 20

Which of the following researchers in Victorian England compiled a vast collection of information on sexuality-including medical and anthropological information-and can be considered the forerunner of modern sex research?

A)Richard von Krafft-Ebing
B)Henry Havelock Ellis
C)Magnus Hirschfeld
D)Sigmund Freud

Question 21

Which of the following statements best defines culture?

A)It refers to the view that exposure to the mass media makes people think that what they see there represents the mainstream of what really occurs.
B)It refers to the traditional ideas and values passed down from generation to generation within a group and transmitted to members of the group by symbols.
C)It refers to the tendency to regard one's own ethnic group and culture as superior to others and to believe that its customs and way of life are the standards by which other ethnic groups should be judged.
D)It refers to the idea that the media provide role models whom people imitate.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true of sexual techniques?

A)Incest is one of the most common sexual techniques in most cultures.
B)Inflicting pain on one's partner during sexual intercourse is a strict taboo in most societies.
C)Cunnilingus is condemned in American culture.
D)Most commonly,both men and women in various societies mutually inflict pain on each other.

Question 23

_____ refers to the notion that people begin to think that what they see on television and in other media really represents the mainstream of what happens in our culture.

A)Agenda setting
B)Cultivation
C)Ethnocentrism
D)Collectivism

Question 24

Fiona is a teenager in high school and a fan of a TV show that centers on the lives of a group of rich socialites.She emulates the characters so much that even her wardrobe resembles that of the female leads on the show.Which of the following types of media influence is best described in this scenario?

A)agenda setting
B)ethnocentrism
C)indoctrination
D)social learning

Question 25

The media's constant stereotypical depiction of good-looking people as being happier,healthier,more successful,and living more glamorous lives causes many young viewers to overestimate the importance of physical appearance in real life.Which of the following types of media influence is best described in this example?

A)agenda setting
B)ethnocentrism
C)cultivation
D)social learning

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true of the scientific study of sex?

A)It has emerged as a separate,unified academic discipline.
B)It tends to be an interdisciplinary effort among several scientific disciplines.
C)It is dominated primarily by religious views of sexuality.
D)It is now a dying field of scientific study.

Question 27

Avid viewers of TV soap operas may begin to believe that sexual intercourse between unmarried individuals is mainstream because this is the most frequently shown sexual activity on these programs.Which of the following types of influences of the media is exemplified in this case?

A)sexual repression
B)cultural diversity
C)agenda setting
D)cultivation

Question 28

In a particular year,news channels extensively reported the high-profile divorce of a celebrity,while providing very little coverage of a hurricane in the country.Thus,stories concerning the lives of celebrities were given more importance by the media than the destruction of lives and property.Which of the following types of media influence is best described in this example?

A)social learning
B)ethnocentrism
C)agenda setting
D)cultivation

Question 29

Incest taboo is

A)nearly universal.
B)predominantly a Western concept.
C)weaker now than a century ago.
D)a regulation prohibiting extramarital affairs.

Question 30

In the American society,a woman with a slim figure is considered to be more attractive than a woman who is plump or overweight.However,for members of certain other cultures,the exact opposite might be true.This difference can be related to the concept of _____.

A)familismo
B)cultivation
C)machismo
D)ethnocentrism

Question 31

In communications theory,_____ is the idea that the media provide role models whom we imitate.

A)agenda setting
B)cultivation
C)ethnocentrism
D)social learning

Question 32

_____ is the tendency to regard one's own ethnic group and culture as superior to others and to believe that its customs and way of life are the standards by which other cultures should be judged.

A)Ethnomethodology
B)Ethnology
C)Ethnocentrism
D)Ethnicity

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true of the frequency of intercourse for married couples?

A)The frequency of intercourse for married couples is the same across all cultures.
B)Most societies have restrictions that forbid intercourse at certain times or in certain situations.
C)Almost every society encourages sexual intercourse for a period of time after a woman has given birth.
D)Surveys of U.S.sexuality in the 1990s indicated that frequency of intercourse in the American society was the highest compared to all other societies.

Question 34

One of Magnus Hirschfeld's special areas of interest in the study of human sexuality was

A)the sexual response cycle.
B)pedophilia.
C)homosexuality.
D)masochism.

Question 35

In the 20th century,investigations of sexual disorders and the physiology of sexual response were conducted by

A)Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
B)Masters and Johnson.
C)Oskar Hertwig.
D)Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Gregor Mendel.

Question 36

Self-stimulation of the genitals to produce sexual arousal is called _____.

A)cunnilingus
B)fellatio
C)incest
D)masturbation

Question 37

_____ refers to a regulation prohibiting sexual interaction between blood relatives.

A)Kinship taboo
B)Incest taboo
C)Oedipal taboo
D)Electra complex

Question 38

A television network only telecasts sensational stories on the lives of the rich and the famous and their sexual exploits.
Which of the following types of media influence is best described in this example?

A)social learning
B)agenda setting
C)ethnocentrism
D)cultivation

Question 39

A group of twelve engineering students from California travel to China for an extended study tour.While staying there,the students realize that the Chinese have a completely different understanding of sexual expression.Couples rarely hug or kiss in public places,advertisements of products related to sexuality are few,and sexual content in the media is heavily censored.The students experience a conflict between how sexuality is perceived in America and China.Which of the following concepts best explains this conflict?

A)xenocentrism
B)ethnocentrism
C)huo yin yang
D)ambivalent sexism

Question 40

In communications theory,_____ refers to the idea that the media define what is important and what is not by which stories they cover.

A)agenda setting
B)cultivation
C)ethnocentrism
D)schematization

Question 41

Which of the following is true of sexuality in the island of Mangaia?

A)Premarital sex is essentially unknown.
B)Masturbation is the only form of sexual activity undertaken by adolescents.
C)Foreplay is limited to kissing and fondling of the buttocks.
D)Boys learn about cunnilingus from male experts who perform the superincision.

Question 42

Which of the following is most likely to be the reason for lower marriage rates among African Americans?

A)the unequal ratio of men to women
B)the repressive culture as a legacy of the Victorian era
C)the greater incidence of same-sex sexual behavior
D)the higher rate of abortions than any other ethnic group

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true of attitudes toward masturbation?

A)All human societies discourage masturbation during childhood and adolescence.
B)All human societies condemn female masturbation.
C)Almost all human societies have similar attitudes toward masturbation.
D)Almost all human societies express some disapproval of adult masturbation.

Question 44

Which of the following is the second most prohibited type of sexual contact across all cultures?

A)extramarital sex
B)premarital sex
C)incest taboo
D)cunnilingus

Question 45

Identify the type of sexual contact that is most strictly forbidden.

A)a married woman having sexual intercourse with someone other than her husband
B)a woman who performs oral sex
C)sexual relations between married individuals
D)sexual relations between a father and a daughter

Question 46

Which of the following cultural values of Latinos emphasizes the importance of family-nuclear and extended-in matters such as support,loyalty,solidarity,and family honor?

A)lineage
B)kinship
C)familismo
D)ancestry

Question 47

Even when extramarital sex is permitted,it is subjected to regulations.Identify the most common pattern of restriction in extramarital sex.

A)to allow extramarital sex as long as the married individuals are discreet about their infidelities
B)to allow extramarital sex for wives in case they have no children
C)to allow extramarital sex for husbands but not wives
D)to allow extramarital sex for middle-aged couples

Question 48

Sex education is nonexistent and there seems to be no knowledge of French kissing,mouth stimulation of erotic parts,or homosexuality in _____ culture.

A)Inis Beag
B)Greek
C)Mangaian
D)Lesu

Question 49

Which of the following is true with regard to homosexuality?

A)It is found only in Western cultures.
B)Same-gender sexual behavior is nearly universal across societies.
C)Outside the Western world,it tends to be the predominant form of sexual behavior for adults.
D)Attitudes toward homosexuality vary little across cultures.

Question 50

Among the Nawa women of Africa,it is considered attractive to have _____ labia majora.

A)hairy
B)elongated
C)tattooed
D)small

Question 51

Researchers have found that on the island of Mangaia

A)female orgasm is thought to be nonexistent or deviant.
B)older women and men instruct young boys in sexual matters.
C)older men instruct young girls in sexual matters.
D)after their mid-forties,men and women abstain from sex.

Question 52

According to the data published by the U.S.Census Bureau in 2000,which of the following groups has the lowest ratio of men to women in American society?

A)whites
B)African Americans
C)Latinos
D)Asian Americans

Question 53

Which of the following is one of the defining factors that makes the sexuality of Blacks somewhat different from that of whites?

A)the cultural code of marianismo
B)the cultural code of machismo
C)the current trend toward globalization
D)the current economic and social conditions

Question 54

Which of the following is most likely to be the reason for lower marriage rates among African Americans?

A)There is unequal gender ratio among blacks,with men being the majority.
B)African American men face obstacles in seeking and maintaining the jobs necessary to support a family.
C)Most African American women prefer not to get married.
D)African Americans are more concerned with building their careers than starting families.

Question 55

According to a research based on social class variations and sexuality,which of the following women is most likely to terminate a pregnancy by abortion?

A)Millie,a high school drop-out
B)Joan,a high school diploma holder
C)Sandra,a college sophomore
D)Kelly,a master's degree holder

Question 56

When sexual behavior is examined across cultures,which of the following is the most strictly prohibited type of sexual contact?

A)masturbation
B)incest
C)extramarital sex
D)premarital sex

Question 57

Which of the following is a general rule with regard to same-gender sexual behavior?

A)Across the world,there is little variation in attitudes toward same-gender sexual expression.
B)Same-gender sexual behavior is now accepted by all the major world religions.
C)Same-gender sexual expression exists only in Western nations.
D)Same-gender sexual behavior is never the predominant form of sexual behavior for adults in any of the societies
StudieD.

Question 58

Which of the following societies has the lowest frequency of sexual intercourse?

A)Inis Beag
B)Mangaia
C)Ponape
D)Eastern Polynesia

Question 59

The key to understanding the differences and similarities in sexuality among ethnic groups in the United States is the

A)cultural context of the different groups.
B)opportunity for sexual activities.
C)biological differences among the groups.
D)the birth rate prevalent in their country of origin.

Question 60

Which of the following is a general rule with regard to the standard of attractiveness?

A)An attractive woman is a thin woman.
B)A poor complexion is unattractive.
C)A plump woman is considered unattractive.
D)Having small ears and nose is considered attractive.

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true of racial microaggressions in the United States?

A)They are frequently experienced by members of ethnic minorities.
B)They are very obvious forms of prejudiced attitudes and behaviors.
C)They have been replaced by overt racism.
D)They have become rare.

Question 62

_____ are subtle insults directed at people of color,often done nonconsciously.

A)Microaggressions against trans people
B)Sexual orientation microaggressions
C)Racial microagressions
D)Gender microaggressions

Question 63

Which among the following is a similarity between the Latin American and Asian American culture?

A)Open expression of emotions among men and women is discouraged in both societies.
B)Men and women of both these cultures are considered to be promiscuous.
C)Family is given significant importance in both cultures.
D)Asian American women and Latino women have more sexual freedom than their male counterparts.

Question 64

Historically,which of the following is true regarding sexual attitudes in China?

A)Attitudes about sexuality were strongly influenced by Christian-puritanism.
B)The Chinese have always condemned homosexuality.
C)Attitudes about sexuality have been influenced by puritanical Taoist beliefs.
D)Negative and repressive attitudes about sexuality became dominant under the neo-Confucianists.

Question 65

Which of the following statements about American Indians is true?

A)American Indian women have experienced a greater visibility in the popular media than men.
B)American Indian men have been historically portrayed in the popular media as sexless,violent savages.
C)American Indian women have been less visible in the popular media than men.
D)American Indians have generally been well-represented in most major national sex surveys.

Question 66

Among Latinos,the cultural code of _____ in its extreme form means tolerating men's sexual infidelities.

A)adultery
B)machismo
C)marianismo
D)modern values

Question 67

Among the Chinese,_____ is the term used for sexual intercourse.

A)yin fu
B)yan ju
C)huo yin yang
D)yin yang

Question 68

Which of the following examples illustrates a core value in Asian culture?

A)A man who shows restraint in his open expression of love and passion toward his wife
B)A man who engages in sexual intercourse with multiple partners
C)A woman who engages in an extramarital affair with a work colleague
D)A woman who puts her own needs before those of her family

Question 69

The cultural code of machismo in the Latin American culture

A)includes an emphasis on male virginity until marriage.
B)mandates that the man be responsible for his family's well-being and honor.
C)advocates males' sexual exclusivity within marriage.
D)means tolerating women's sexual infidelities.

Question 70

In the traditional Latino culture,gender roles are epitomized by the concepts of machismo and marianismo,which

A)tolerate extramarital sex for both men and women.
B)discourage extramarital sex for both men and women.
C)tolerate extramarital sex for men and discourage it for women.
D)discourage extramarital sex for men and tolerate it for women.

Question 71

David Chang,an Asian American,always tries to put the needs of others-especially those of his family-before his own.
This illustrates the core Asian value of _____.

A)collectivism
B)hedonism
C)romanticism
D)liberalism

Question 72

Deena refrains from public displays of affection toward her husband as this would pose a threat to her family name.
Which of the following core Asian values that are relevant to sexuality is depicted in this example?

A)ethnocentrism
B)machismo
C)marianismo
D)collectivism

Question 73

Which of the following statements is true of core Asian values?

A)An individual can freely express homosexual tendencies.
B)An individual openly expresses his or her emotions.
C)An individual should conform to the expectations of the family and society.
D)An individual considers his or her own needs before those of his or her family.

Question 74

The concept of family honor is particularly important to both

A)Asian Americans and African Americans.
B)African Americans and whites.
C)Latin Americans and Asian Americans.
D)whites and Latin Americans.

Question 75

Of the three major religions of China,_____ is the only truly indigenous one and one of the few religions to advocate the cultivation of sexual techniques for the benefit of an individual.

A)Dongbaism
B)Confucianism
C)Buddhism
D)Taoism

Question 76

Because of core values that include collectivism,conformity to norms,and emotional control,Asian Americans,as an ethnic group,tend to be the most _____ of the various ethnic groups in America.

A)permissive
B)liberal
C)conservative
D)progressive

Question 77

According to Laumann et al. ,which of the following groups has the lowest incidence of multiple sexual partners?

A)whites
B)African Americans
C)Latinos
D)Asian Americans

Question 78

Cross-cultural studies of human sexual behavior show that

A)enormous variation in sexual behavior exists across cultures.
B)there is no variation in behavior across cultures.
C)variation in behavior across cultures can be attributed to differences in biological makeup.
D)variation in sexual behavior is completely dependent on drives and instincts.

Question 79

As part of a traditional Mexican family,Juanita knows that she must refrain from premarital sex.It would shame her family if she lost her virginity before she was married.This example illustrates the concept of _____ in Latino culture.

A)marianismo
B)machismo
C)familismo
D)huo yin yang

Question 80

Among Latinos,the cultural code that emphasizes virginity and the importance of motherhood is _____.

A)adultery
B)machismo
C)marianismo
D)familismo