Deck 9: Immunity and Infection

Question 1

Macrophages

A)act as scavengers.
B)trigger the immune response.
C)counteract swollen lymph nodes.
D)are suppressor cells.

Answer 1

act as scavengers.

Question 2

Which of the following are primary players in the body's immune response?

A)T cells
B)B cells
C)memory T and B cells
D)all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is considered a portal of entry for a pathogen?

A)through the skin or by direct contact
B)inhaled through the mouth or nose
C)ingestion through contaminated food or water
D)all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

Lymph nodes

A)produce enzymes in the lymph.
B)are where macrophages congregate and filter pathogens from the lymph.
C)produce antibodies and antigens.
D)are part of the respiratory system.

Question 5

Lymphocytes that can get rid of cells of the body that have been invaded by foreign organisms or have turned cancerous are called

A)killer T cells.
B)helper T cells.
C)suppressor T cells.
D)phagocytes.

Question 6

White blood cells that directly destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells are _________ cells.

A)helper T
B)suppressor T
C)natural killer
D)B

Question 7

Obstacles to microorganisms entering the body include

A)enzymes.
B)cilia.
C)antibodies.
D)all of the above choices.

Question 8

All of the following are types of white blood cells,EXCEPT

A)macrophages.
B)neutrophils.
C)lymphocytes.
D)antibodies.

Question 9

Tears,saliva,and vaginal secretions are rich in ________ and _________ that break down and destroy many microorganisms.

A)histamines;antigens
B)antibodies;enzymes
C)macrophages;killer T-cells
D)lymphocytes;neutrophils

Question 10

One of the best ways to break the chain of infection is to

A)wash your hands frequently.
B)use disinfectant agents when cleaning your house.
C)get boosters for immunizations 6 months early.
D)drink water only if it is fluoridateD.

Question 11

Swollen lymph nodes are an indication of

A)anemiA.
B)poor diet.
C)hemophilia.
D)infection.

Question 12

Which one of the following is NOT a vector of disease?

A)contaminated soil
B)rats
C)ticks
D)mosquitoes

Question 13

A type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign organisms and infected,damaged,or aged cells,and that is particularly prevalent during the inflammatory response is a

A)macrophage.
B)platelet.
C)lymphocyte.
D)neutrophil.

Question 14

The body's first line of defense against invasion of organisms is

A)the skin.
B)chlorination.
C)white blood cells.
D)fever.

Question 15

An organism that causes disease is a(n)

A)antigen.
B)toxin.
C)pathogen.
D)antibody.

Question 16

Microscopic,hairlike structures that sweep mucus and foreign substances out of the lungs are called

A)ciliA.
B)phagocytic cells.
C)macrophages.
D)enzymes.

Question 17

Vessels and organs that pick up excess fluids,filter out disease-causing organisms and other waste products,and return cleansed fluid to the general circulation belong to the _______________ system.

A)digestive
B)antibody
C)lymphatic
D)neutrophil

Question 18

An infection that travels throughout the body is called

A)transmitted.
B)lymphatic.
C)localized.
D)systemic.

Question 19

White blood cells are produced in the

A)brain.
B)bone marrow.
C)heart.
D)gastrointestinal tract.

Question 20

Lymphocytes that stimulate other lymphocytes to increase are called _____________ cells.

A)suppressor T
B)B
C)memory
D)helper T

Question 21

T and B cells change after contact with the pathogen in a(n)_______________ immune response.

A)acquired
B)imagined
C)natural
D)innate

Question 22

Immunization is based on the

A)body's ability to remember an encounter with a specific antigen.
B)body's ability to tell a harmful pathogen from a harmless one.
C)introduction of an unrelated pathogen into the body to stimulate antigen production.
D)introduction of helper T cells into the body.

Question 23

Chemicals responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in allergic reactions are called

A)histamines.
B)antigens.
C)antibodies.
D)lymphocytes.

Question 24

During this type of immune system response,the body's defense system literally eats invading pathogens.

A)acquired immunity
B)imagined immunity
C)natural immunity
D)adaptive immunity

Question 25

In the immune response,the phase in which killer T cells strike at foreign cells and at cells of the body that have been invaded and infected is called

A)recognition of the invading pathogen.
B)amplification of defenses.
C)cell-mediated immune response.
D)slowdown.

Question 26

Cell-mediated immune response

A)is a function of killer T cells.
B)is a function of B cells.
C)stimulates the production of antibodies.
D)uses antibodies to recruit macrophages to help clean up.

Question 27

The ability of memory lymphocytes to remember previous infections is known as

A)acquired immunity.
B)active immunity.
C)future immunity.
D)passive immunity.

Question 28

Which of the following are examples of cytokines?

A)histamines and interleukins
B)interleukins and interferons
C)interferons and gamma globulin
D)gamma globulin and histamines

Question 29

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies are called _______________ cells.

A)helper T
B) B
C)killer T
D)suppressor T

Question 30

Antibodies have complementary surface markers that work with _______ like a lock and key.

A)histamines
B)antigens
C)T cells
D)cytokines

Question 31

Chemical messengers released by immune system cells that help amplify and coordinate the immune response are

A)cytokines.
B)antibodies.
C)antigens.
D)histamines.

Question 32

Neutrophils,macrophages,dendritic cells,and natural killer cells are part of the ________ response to invading pathogens

A)natural
B)acquired
C)adaptive
D)cell-mediated

Question 33

Examples of autoimmune disease include

A)systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
B)rheumatoid arthritis and HIV.
C)cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus.
D)allergies and HIV.

Question 34

A disease in which an individual's immune system attacks his or her own body's cells is called a(n)

A)autoimmune disease.
B)acquired immune response.
C)antibody deficiency disease.
D)natural immune disorder.

Question 35

The phase of the immune response in which suppressor T cells halt the immune response and restore the body's natural balance is called

A)recognition of the invading pathogen.
B)amplification of defenses.
C)attack.
D)slowdown.

Question 36

The release of histamines does NOT cause _______________ in the affected area.

A)redness
B)swelling
C)infection
D)heat

Question 37

Lymphocytes generated during an initial infection that circulate in the body for years and quickly destroy the specific antigens if they ever appear again are called ____________ cells.

A)killer T
B)helper T
C)suppressor T
D)memory T

Question 38

A marker on the surface of a foreign substance that triggers the immune response is called a(n)

A)antibody.
B)lymphocyte.
C)antigen.
D)enzyme.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding antibody-mediated immune response?

A)Antibodies work against infected body cells.
B)It is carried out by T cells.
C)Antibodies produce killer T cells.
D)Antibodies work against bacteria and viruses outside of body cells.

Question 40

Lynette has begun feeling feverish and has a sore throat.Which phase of the immune response is she experiencing?

A)incubation
B)prodromal
C)clinical
D)initial

Question 41

A preparation of killed or weakened pathogens injected or taken orally to stimulate the body to produce antibodies is called a(n)

A)gamma globulin.
B)vaccine.
C)antibody.
D)immunoglobulin.

Question 42

The substance that increases the inflammatory response and the secretion of mucus following exposure to an allergen is

A)immunoglobulin E
B)histamine.
C)interferon.
D)memory T cells.

Question 43

Lyme disease can cause all of the following,EXCEPT

A)fetal damage.
B)arthritis.
C)ulcers.
D)impaired motor coordination.

Question 44

Johnny has a red,sore throat with white patches on the tonsils,swollen lymph nodes,fever,and a headache.Which of the following bacteria caused Johnny's symptoms?

A)staphylococcus
B)streptococcus
C)mycobacterium
D)Escherichia coli

Question 45

A common bacterium found on the skin in healthy people,but capable of causing infection if it enters the body,is

A)streptococcus.
B)staphylococcus.
C)mycoplasma.
D)spirochete.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT considered a common allergen?

A)pollen
B)viruses
C)molds
D)insect stings

Question 47

The antibody most involved in triggering an allergic reaction is

A)immunoglobulin E
B)gamma globulin.
C)a mast cell.
D)histamine.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding tuberculosis?

A)It usually affects the digestive tract.
B)It responds to a long course of antibiotic treatment.
C)Most infected people have latent infections.
D)It is typically transmitted via the respiratory route.

Question 49

Vaccines confer _______________ immunity.

A)active
B)passive
C)innate
D)natural

Question 50

Streptococcus and staphylococcus are examples of

A)rickettsiae.
B)bacteria.
C)viruses.
D)parasites.

Question 51

Lyme disease is transmitted by a

A)mosquito.
B)deer tick.
C)black widow spider.
D)dog flea.

Question 52

In which of the following diseases would one have received a vaccine from a "live but weakened" organism?

A)measles
B)mumps
C)rubella (German measles)
D)all of the above

Question 53

Substances that provoke allergies are known as

A)parasites.
B)antigens.
C)bacteria.
D)allergens.

Question 54

When the body recognizes a relatively harmless substance as a dangerous antigen and mounts an immune response,this response is called

A)passive immunity.
B)active immunity.
C)pathogenesis.
D)an allergic reaction.

Question 55

Serum that contains a variety of antibodies and is injected to provide temporary immunity is called

A)plasmA.
B)gamma globulin.
C)antivirals.
D)immunotherapy.

Question 56

Vaccines made from pathogens that have been killed in the laboratory,yet retain their ability to stimulate the production of antibodies,are used to provide protection against

A)measles.
B)mumps.
C)influenza.
D)rubella.

Question 57

Key components of a typical asthma attack include all of the following,EXCEPT

A)secretion of extra mucus.
B)inflammation of the airways.
C)spasm in the muscles surrounding the airways.
D)anaphylaxis.

Question 58

Meningitis is infection of the

A)membrane covering the brain and spinal cord.
B)bone marrow and lymphatic tissue.
C)alveoli in the lungs.
D)lining of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 59

A person who is exposed to a disease and who is subsequently injected with antibodies produced by others has been given

A)active immunity.
B)passive immunity.
C)innate immunity.
D)natural immunity.

Question 60

Which of the following is considered a pathogen?

A)prions
B)bacteria
C)protozoa
D)all of the above

Question 61

Hepatitis B is transmitted mainly by

A)casual contact.
B)contaminated food.
C)organ donation.
D)intimate sexual contact.

Question 62

Viral diseases are the most common form of _______________ disease.

A)spontaneous
B)contagious
C)chronic
D)recurrent

Question 63

Which virus can cause irreversible paralysis and death in some infected individuals?

A)herpes
B)poliomyelitis
C)hepatitis
D)influenza

Question 64

Whooping cough is a respiratory illness cause by the bacterium

A)Escherichia coli.
B)staphylococcus.
C)Bordetella pertussis.
D)streptococcus.

Question 65

Most ulcers are caused by

A)tickborne rickettsiA.
B)Helicobacter pylori infection.
C)overconsumption of spicy food.
D)high levels of stress.

Question 66

A vaccine is available to prevent infection by

A)influenza virus.
B)rhinovirus.
C)Epstein-Barr virus.
D)hepatitis C virus.

Question 67

All of the following are childhood viral illnesses that have waned in the U.S. ,EXCEPT

A)mumps.
B)measles.
C)influenza.
D)rubella.

Question 68

Colds are almost always transmitted by

A)airborne respiratory droplets.
B)hand-to-hand contact.
C)coughing.
D)sharing food or drink.

Question 69

Viral encephalitis causes inflammation of the tissue in the

A)kidney.
B)brain.
C)liver.
D)heart.

Question 70

Influenza virus infection usually causes all of the following symptoms,EXCEPT

A)fever.
B)severe fatigue.
C)muscle aches.
D)gastrointestinal distress.

Question 71

The herpes virus associated with infectious mononucleosis is

A)herpes simplex type I.
B)herpes simplex type II.
C)Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
D)cytomegalovirus.

Question 72

Warts on the hands are caused by infection with a type of

A)virus.
B)bacterium.
C)prion.
D)fungus.

Question 73

Influenza is highly contagious and spread via

A)coughing.
B)respiratory droplets.
C)ingesting food that has been infected.
D)hand-to-hand contact.

Question 74

Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes associated with hepatitis is called

A)hemorrhage.
B)toxic shock.
C)jaundice.
D)impetigo.

Question 75

Molds,mushrooms,and yeasts belong to which classification?

A)protozoa
B)spirochete
C)fungi
D)prions

Question 76

A fungus that causes vaginitis and thrush is

A)Histoplasma capsulatum.
B)Candida albicans.
C)Coccidioides immitis.
D)dermatophyte fungus.

Question 77

Most rabies-related deaths in Canada are traced to bites or scratches from

A)bats.
B)unvaccinated domestic pets.
C)raccoons.
D)foxes.

Question 78

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the common cold?

A)It may be caused by any or more than 200 different viruses.
B)It may be caused by exposure to cold weather.
C)Most colds occur during the fall and winter months.
D)It may be caused by any or more than 200 different viruses,and most colds occur during the fall and winter months.

Question 79

Tetanus is also known as

A)lockjaw.
B)heartburn.
C)gastritis.
D)meningitis.

Question 80

Generally,antibiotics are useful against

A)influenzA.
B)colds.
C)bacteria.
D)viruses.