Deck 8: Cancer

Question 1

When cancer cells enter the lymph or blood system,

A)it is easy to stop their spread to other organs.
B)they can form secondary tumours elsewhere.
C)they are known as benign tumours.
D)the probability of cure increases.

Answer 1

they can form secondary tumours elsewhere.

Question 2

Sarcomas arise from

A)connective and fibrous tissue.
B)epithelial layers.
C)blood-forming cells.
D)lymph nodes.

Answer 2

connective and fibrous tissue.

Question 3

Malignant tumours are classified according to

A)how quickly they divide.
B)how quickly they spread.
C)the type of cells that give rise to them.
D)the type of cells they are most likely to spread to.

Answer 3

the type of cells that give rise to them.

Question 4

The most common form of cancer is

A)carcinomA.
B)melanoma.
C)sarcoma.
D)lymphoma.

Question 5

Cancers arising from connective and fibrous tissues such as bone,cartilage,or muscle are called

A)carcinomas.
B)sarcomas.
C)lymphomas.
D)leukemias.

Question 6

Smoking is responsible for what percentage of lung cancer?

A)55 percent
B)72 percent
C)85 percent
D)100 percent

Question 7

Leukemia is cancer of the

A)gastrointestinal tract.
B)lymph nodes.
C)urinary tract.
D)blood-forming cells.

Question 8

Death rates from lung cancer are

A)increasing among women.
B)rapidly declining in men.
C)highest in younger age groups.
D)low compared to other cancers.

Question 9

Which of the following poses the greatest threat for the development of lung cancer among nonsmokers?

A)inactivity
B)sun exposure
C)high-fat diet
D)exposure to environmental tobacco smoke

Question 10

A malignant tumour is different from a benign tumour in that a malignant tumour is

A)less of a threat to the patient.
B)capable of invading surrounding structures.
C)dangerous only if its physical presence interferes with bodily functions.
D)enclosed in a membrane.

Question 11

A physician who specializes in the study of tumours is known as a(n)

A)pediatrician.
B)surgeon.
C)internist.
D)oncologist.

Question 12

Which one of the following statements about cancer is FALSE?

A)Cancer is a group of diseases.
B)Cancer is characterized by controlled growth of cells.
C)Cancer may take the form of a tumour.
D)Cancer has the ability to metastasize.

Question 13

Lymphoma is cancer of the lymph nodes,part of the body's

A)blood-forming cells.
B)gastrointestinal tract.
C)connective and fibrous tissues.
D)infection-fighting system.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about leukemia is TRUE?

A)Leukemia produces tumours.
B)Leukemia cells are considered malignant.
C)Leukemia cells are benign.
D)Leukemia is not considered cancer.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about cancer death rates since 1991?

A)Death rates from cancer are declining.
B)Death rates from cancer are increasing.
C)There has been no change in cancer death rates.
D)There is no reliable data available on cancer death rates.

Question 16

The most common cause of cancer death in the United States is

A)breast cancer.
B)colon and rectal cancer.
C)prostate cancer.
D)lung cancer.

Question 17

A tumour that is NOT cancerous is called

A)melanomA.
B)benign.
C)metastatiC.
D)malignant.

Question 18

Which of the following kills more people than cancer does?

A)stroke
B)injuries
C)HIV/AIDS
D)None of these kills more people than cancer.

Question 19

Which of the following factors contributes to about 30 percent of all cancer deaths?

A)tobacco use
B)radiation
C)family history
D)alcohol use

Question 20

When a malignant tumour spreads to sites distant from the primary tumour,the process is known as

A)hyperplasiA.
B)malignancy.
C)metastasis.
D)dysplasia.

Question 21

A technique that detects lung cancer earlier than X-rays do is

A)MRI.
B)cell analysis.
C)spiral CT scans.
D)blood test.

Question 22

Daniel has a family history of colon cancer.To lower his personal risk of the disease,he should consider doing all of the following,EXCEPT

A)increasing his intake of fruits and vegetables.
B)being physically active.
C)increasing his intake of red meat.
D)using aspirin and ibuprofen regularly.

Question 23

One type of cancer that seems to be linked to a diet high in red meat is

A)cervical cancer.
B)lymphoma.
C)leukemia.
D)colon cancer.

Question 24

Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is recommended to screen for ____________ cancer.

A)colon and rectal
B)uterine
C)throat
D)lung

Question 25

The infection that puts women at risk for cervical cancer is

A)pneumoniA.
B)hepatitis.
C)HPV.
D)strep throat.

Question 26

A signal of colon and rectal cancer is

A)high fever.
B)headaches.
C)cramping.
D)rectal bleeding.

Question 27

The Canadian Cancer Society recommends routine use of mammography to detect breast cancer for women over age

A)20.
B)30.
C)40.
D)50.

Question 28

After what age should a stool blood test be a standard annual screening test?

A)30
B)40
C)50
D)60

Question 29

Prostate cancer is

A)the second leading cause of cancer death in men.
B)the most common cancer in males.
C)influenced by diet and lifestyle.
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 30

Scraping cells from the cervix for examination to screen for cancerous changes is called

A)cryotherapy.
B)curetting.
C)a Pap test.
D)an endometrial smear.

Question 31

Techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and

A)ultrasound.
B)surgery.
C)a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)blood test.
D)a CAT scan.

Question 32

Risk factors for breast cancer include all of the following,EXCEPT

A)genetic factors.
B)diet.
C)hormonal factors.
D)previous injury to the breast.

Question 33

Why has PSA testing for prostate cancer been the subject of controversy among experts?

A)because of its tendency to yield misleading results
B)because it causes painful side effects
C)because it is so expensive
D)because it is only available in certain parts of the country

Question 34

A woman is more likely to develop breast cancer if

A)she had her first child before age 30.
B)her diet is low in monounsaturated fat.
C)her diet is high in vegetables.
D)she is obese.

Question 35

What do obesity and alcohol use have in common that increases breast cancer risk?

A)They increase glucose levels in the blood.
B)They increase estrogen levels in the blood.
C)They raise LDL cholesterol.
D)They slow the rate of cell growth.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for breast cancer?

A)alcohol use
B)early onset of menstruation
C)early motherhood
D)obesity

Question 37

When there are no symptoms or other evidence of previously diagnosed disease,a cancer patient is said to

A)have metastasis.
B)be in remission.
C)be in an immune state.
D)have a benign tumour.

Question 38

The most common form of cancer in women is ____________ cancer;the most common cause of cancer death in women is ___________.

A)lung;breast
B)breast;lung
C)cervical;colon and rectal
D)melanoma;ovarian

Question 39

It is recommended that girls get an HPV/cervical cancer vaccine at what age?

A)9
B)10
C)12
D)16

Question 40

Lung cancer is

A)easily detectable in early stages.
B)the most common cause of cancer death in Canada.
C)difficult to cure at any stage.
D)caused only by cigarette smoking.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is TRUE about brain cancer?

A)Most brain cancers are curable by surgery.
B)The incidence of brain cancer has dramatically decreased in the last 20 years.
C)The risks factors for brain cancers are firmly established.
D)The vast majority of brain cancer develops for no apparent reason.

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of melanoma?

A)occurs most commonly on the face
B)appears at the site of a preexisting mole
C)invades surrounding tissue
D)bleeds easily

Question 43

Melissa uses a sunscreen with an SPF rating of 20,which means that

A)she can stay in the sun for 20 minutes without getting tanned or burned.
B)she can stay in the sun 20 times longer without getting burned than if she didn't use it.
C)she is protected from the full range of ultraviolet radiation.
D)her sunscreen contains 20 different ingredients to block ultraviolet radiation.

Question 44

Risk factors for oral cancer include

A)cigarette and cigar smoking.
B)excess alcohol consumption.
C)use of spit tobacco.
D)all of the above choices.

Question 45

All of the following groups are at increased risk of testicular cancer,EXCEPT

A)white males.
B)circumcised males.
C)men with undescended testicles.
D)men whose mothers took DES during pregnancy.

Question 46

In some cases,cervical dysplasia develops into

A)cervical cancer.
B)HPV infection.
C)vaginal clear cell cancer.
D)chlamydia infection.

Question 47

Steps to prevent skin cancer include all of the following,EXCEPT

A)avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun.
B)using tanning salons instead of sunbathing.
C)avoiding sunburns.
D)using sunscreens and protective clothing.

Question 48

Which of the following statements about ultraviolet radiation is TRUE?

A)It's best to avoid outdoor activity in the late afternoon because the sun's rays are most intense after 3 p.m.
B)Swimming is a good choice of outdoor activity because ultraviolet rays cannot penetrate water.
C)Sand reflects ultraviolet radiation,so beach-goers need to wear sunscreen even if they sit under a beach umbrella.
D)You don't need to wear sunscreen when outdoors at high elevations because the atmosphere at high altitude filters out most ultraviolet radiation.

Question 49

Risk factors for endometrial cancer include all of the following,EXCEPT

A)using oral contraceptives.
B)late menopause.
C)obesity.
D)prolonged estrogen exposure.

Question 50

The most dangerous form of skin cancer is

A)melanomA.
B)squamous cell carcinoma.
C)basal cell carcinoma.
D)actinic keratosis.

Question 51

Which of the following statements regarding bladder cancer is FALSE?

A)Bladder cancer is four times more common in women than it is in men.
B)Bladder cancer is linked to tobacco use.
C)Risk factors include occupational exposure to chemicals used in the dye,rubber,and leather industries.
D)The first signs of cancer are increased frequency of urination and/or blood in the urine.

Question 52

Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas

A)spread rapidly.
B)may be pearly nodules or red and scaly patches.
C)are usually painful.
D)are rare forms of skin cancer.

Question 53

Those most at risk of developing skin cancer include all of the following,EXCEPT

A)people who use tanning lamps.
B)people with naturally dark skin.
C)people with a family history of skin cancer.
D)fair-skinned people.

Question 54

Which of the following statements regarding testicle self-examination is FALSE?

A)It is best performed following a bath or shower.
B)It should be done monthly.
C)It should be performed using a gentle rolling motion.
D)It is recommended only if the man is sexually active.

Question 55

A characteristic of a skin lesion that may be a melanoma is one with a

A)diameter smaller than 5mm.
B)asymmetrical shape.
C)smooth border.
D)solid brown colour.

Question 56

Cancer of the lining of the uterus is called ____________ cancer.

A)ovarian
B)endometrial
C)myeloma
D)cervical

Question 57

Ovarian cancers

A)are relatively rare but have a high death rate.
B)are detectable with Pap tests.
C)decrease in incidence with age.
D)are usually found at an early stage.

Question 58

Ultraviolet B (UVB)radiation

A)can cause immediate sunburns.
B)is the main type of radiation emitted from tanning beds.
C)is not linked to skin cancer.
D)does not damage the skin.

Question 59

The most common treatment for skin cancer is

A)chemotherapy.
B)radiation therapy.
C)surgical removal.
D)immunotherapy.

Question 60

_____________ are more likely to develop and die from melanoma.

A)Women
B)Men
C)Children
D)Teens

Question 61

Fifteen percent of the world's cancers are caused by

A)asbestos.
B)inactivity.
C)microbes.
D)diabetes.

Question 62

Which of the following cancers is significantly more prevalent outside Canada?

A)pancreatic cancer
B)stomach cancer
C)bladder cancer
D)kidney cancer

Question 63

Which one of the following best describes leukemia?

A)benign disease of the lymph system
B)malignant disease of the white blood cells
C)nonmelanoma skin cancer
D)benign disorder of glucose metabolism

Question 64

A potentially dangerous additive found in processed meats is

A)sulforaphane.
B)nitrate.
C)sodium chloride.
D)beta-carotene.

Question 65

Foods are a better source of phytochemicals than supplements are for all of the following reasons,EXCEPT

A)isolated phytochemicals may be harmful in high doses.
B)supplements do not contain antioxidants.
C)whole foods can have nutritional benefits not available from supplements.
D)The anticancer effects of phytochemicals may be due to several chemicals from a single food working in combination.

Question 66

Ultraviolet rays are

A)suppressor agents.
B)oncogenes.
C)cancer initiators.
D)cancer promoters.

Question 67

A diet high in ___________ is linked to increased risk of colon,stomach,and prostate cancers.

A)fat and meat
B)fiber
C)carotenoids
D)nitrosamines

Question 68

Carcinogens are best described as

A)substances that can cause mutation.
B)substances that increase the growth rate of cells.
C)substances or factors that mutate genes and cause cancer.
D)tumours that invade surrounding tissues.

Question 69

A test using computerized X-ray images to detect tumours is called a(n)

A)MRI scan.
B)CT scan.
C)angiogram.
D)sonogram.

Question 70

Naturally occurring substances found in plant foods that help prevent chronic diseases are

A)nitrosamines.
B)anticarcinogens.
C)phytochemicals.
D)free radicals.

Question 71

Which one of the following is a good source of phytochemicals?

A)lean portion of beef
B)nonfat milk
C)halibut
D)broccoli

Question 72

Estrogen is an example of a

A)carcinogen.
B)mutagen.
C)cancer initiator.
D)cancer promoter.

Question 73

Methods for precise visualization of tumours do NOT include

A)MRI scans.
B)CT scans.
C)conventional X-rays.
D)ultrasonography.

Question 74

Diets high in which of the following foods are associated with increased risk of cancer?

A)whole grains
B)red meats
C)citrus fruits
D)cruciferous vegetables

Question 75

Smoking is responsible for about ___________ of ALL cancer deaths.

A)10 percent
B)20 percent
C)30 percent
D)40 percent

Question 76

All of the following are sources of radiation,EXCEPT

A)hydrocarbons.
B)medical X-rays.
C)tanning lamps.
D)radon gas.

Question 77

The acronym "CAUTION" is a good way to remember

A)the seven major categories of cancer.
B)the seven major warning signs of cancer.
C)the seven most common types of cancer.
D)the seven carcinogens to avoiD.

Question 78

A section of DNA that controls the production of a particular protein is a

A)gene.
B)chromosome.
C)nucleotide.
D)double helix.

Question 79

All the following statements are TRUE about multiple myeloma (MM),EXCEPT

A)MM is more common in older people.
B)MM is most common among thin white women.
C)MM is more common among African Americans.
D)MM can lead to anemia,excessive bleeding,and decreased resistance to infection.

Question 80

Obesity increases a persons risk of

A)breast and colon cancers.
B)oral and brain cancers.
C)lung and brain cancers.
D)none of the above.