Deck 18: Sexually Transmitted Infections

Question 1

In the United States,the opportunistic infection most often seen in people with HIV infection is

A)Kaposi's sarcoma.
B)Pneumocystis pneumonia.
C)tuberculosis.
D)mycobacterium avium complex.

Answer 1

Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Question 2

Studies have found that women who frequently used _______________ for contraception were at greater risk for HIV transmission.

A)spermicides with nonoxynol-9
B)condoms
C)a cervical cap
D)a diaphragm

Answer 2

spermicides with nonoxynol-9

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a main route of HIV transmission?

A)specific kinds of sexual contact
B)direct exposure to infected blood
C)contact between an HIV-infected woman and her fetus during pregnancy
D)contact with an HIV-infected person's eating utensils

Answer 3

contact with an HIV-infected person's eating utensils

Question 4

Needle-sharing among drug users often leads to HIV transmission because

A)psychoactive drugs carry large amounts of the virus.
B)needles may be contaminated with blood that contains HIV.
C)drug users commonly have sex as part of the drug-sharing ritual.
D)antiviral medications are ineffective when other drugs are in the bloodstream.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection is TRUE?

A)This period can last from 2 to 20 years.
B)During this period,the virus progressively infects and destroys cells of the immune system.
C)During this period,people can transmit the disease to others even if they are symptom free.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 6

Which one of the following statements about the global spread of HIV/AIDS is FALSE?

A)The majority of infections occur in economically emerging countries.
B)HIV disproportionately affects the poor and nonwhite ethnic and racial minorities.
C)Asia and Africa have approximately the same number of people living with HIV.
D)Political,economic,and social barriers contribute to the ongoing spread of HIV infection.

Question 7

The riskiest sexual activity for contracting HIV is

A)receiving fellatio.
B)being the receptive partner during unprotected vaginal intercourse.
C)being the receptive partner during unprotected anal intercourse.
D)receiving cunnilingus.

Question 8

Which one of the following statements about STIs is FALSE?

A)STIs can be prevented.
B)STIs cannot be transmitted unless an infected person is presenting symptoms.
C)STIs are linked to infertility,stillbirths,and genital cancers.
D)STIs can cause death.

Question 9

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A)is a member of the herpes virus family.
B)disables the immune function of CD4 T cells.
C)attacks B cells.
D)has been a source of human infection for more than 200 years.

Question 10

Worldwide,the most common route of HIV infection is

A)injection drug use.
B)men having sex with men.
C)heterosexual contact.
D)receipt of blood transfusions.

Question 11

Which of the following would likely result in a diagnosis of AIDS in a patient?

A)a negative HIV RNA test and a high CD4 T cell count
B)a positive HIV test accompanied by a very high HIV antibody count
C)a positive HIV test accompanied by a very low CD4 T cell count
D)a positive HIV test and the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma

Question 12

The transmission of HIV from mother to child during pregnancy,childbirth,or breastfeeding is called

A)lateral transmission.
B)gestational transmission.
C)perinatal transmission.
D)opportunistic transmission.

Question 13

A previously rare form of cancer that has become common among men with HIV infection is

A)Kaposi's sarcoma.
B)Pneumocystis carinii.
C)cryptosporidiosis.
D)Burkitt's lymphoma.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the transmission of HIV is FALSE?

A)During vaginal intercourse,female-to-male transmission is more likely than male-to-female transmission.
B)The presence of blisters or sores in the genital area increases the risk of HIV transmission.
C)HIV can be transmitted from needles or blades used in acupuncture or tattooing if they are shared.
D)The risk of transfusion-related HIV transmission has decreased dramatically because of worldwide testing of the donor blood supply.

Question 15

Signs and symptoms of HIV infection include all of the following EXCEPT

A)swollen lymph nodes.
B)weight gain.
C)fever,body aches,or night sweats.
D)rashes.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about oral sex and the transmission of HIV is TRUE?

A)It is the riskiest of all sexual activities.
B)It has less of a risk of transmission of HIV than anal or vaginal intercourse.
C)The risk of HIV transmission through oral sex increases if the person performing it has poor oral hygiene.
D)None of these statements about oral sex and HIV transmission are true.

Question 17

Transmission of HIV occurs through which of the following?

A)using the same toilet as someone with HIV
B)sharing eating utensils with someone with HIV
C)unprotected sexual intercourse with someone with HIV
D)all of these

Question 18

Which routine HIV testing method can detect the presence of the virus earlier in the course of infection?

A)combination HIV antigen/antibody test
B)CD4 lymphocyte count
C)NAT test
D)HIV-1 antigen test

Question 19

In people with HIV infection,the amount of virus in the body can be measured with a(n)

A)ELISA test.
B)Western blot test.
C)rapid HIV test.
D)HIV RNA measurement.

Question 20

Shortly after HIV infection,most but not all of those infected will develop

A)severe night sweats.
B)flulike symptoms.
C)Kaposi's sarcoma.
D)all of these.

Question 21

Gonorrhea is best described as a sexually transmitted infection

A)that produces a painful rash.
B)characterized by the appearance of dry,rough growths in the genital area.
C)caused by a bacterium that usually affects mucous membranes.
D)that has recurrent outbreaks of blister-like sores.

Question 22

Which of the following will NOT offer a high protection against HIV transmission during oral sex?

A)oral contraceptives
B)condoms
C)latex squares
D)dental dams

Question 23

The main classes of antiviral drugs developed for HIV infection include all of the following EXCEPT

A)entry inhibitors.
B)transcriptase inhibitors.
C)integrase inhibitors.
D)protease inhibitors.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is FALSE?

A)It can cause chronic pain.
B)It is the leading cause of infertility in young women.
C)It presents with easily diagnosed symptoms.
D)An infected woman's partners should also be treated.

Question 25

The class of antiviral drugs that blocks HIV from binding itself to the surface of CD4 cells is known as

A)reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
B)protease inhibitors.
C)entry inhibitors.
D)maturation inhibitors.

Question 26

The status of the immune system in someone with HIV infection can be monitored by checking

A)total lymphocyte counts.
B)antibody levels.
C)therapeutic drug levels.
D)CD4 T-cell counts.

Question 27

Which of the following lists of activities is correctly ordered from least to most risk of passing on an HIV infection (accepting that each list is not complete)?

A)hand-genital contact and deep kissing,sharing of sex toys,oral sex,use of a condom with intercourse
B)unprotected vaginal intercourse,sharing of sex toys,oral sex,unprotected anal sex
C)use of a condom with intercourse,unprotected anal sex,unprotected vaginal intercourse,oral sex
D)hand-genital contact and deep kissing,use of a condom with intercourse,sharing of sex toys,oral sex

Question 28

An initial STI of the cervix that travels upward to infect the uterus,oviducts,ovaries,and pelvic cavity is called

A)a urinary tract infection.
B)an ascending pelvic inflammation.
C)endometriosis.
D)pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 29

Which of the following drugs would be given to an infected person and his or her partner after chlamydia is diagnosed?

A)antifungals
B)antibiotics
C)antivirals
D)antihistamines

Question 30

Infants with chlamydia infection

A)acquire the infection through contact with the pathogen in the birth canal during delivery.
B)are born with congenital deformities.
C)acquire the infection during the second trimester of pregnancy.
D)are at high risk for brain damage.

Question 31

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)is a major complication of

A)syphilis and herpes.
B)herpes and gonorrhea.
C)genital HPV infection and chlamydia.
D)gonorrhea and chlamydia.

Question 32

Which one of the following statements about gonorrhea is TRUE?

A)Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can survive for hours on toilet seats.
B)There is no effective treatment for gonorrhea.
C)Gonorrhea is the most prevalent viral STI.
D)Most women with gonorrhea have no symptoms.

Question 33

Chlamydia infection is the leading cause of _______________ in men under age 35.

A)epididymitis
B)prostatitis
C)urethritis
D)testiculitis

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of chlamydia?

A)generalized rash
B)painful urination for males and females
C)abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina
D)lower abdominal pain in females

Question 35

All of the following are risk factors for contracting HIV EXCEPT

A)sex with multiple partners.
B)alcohol and other drug use.
C)using a condom lubricated with nonoxynol-9 during vaginal or anal sex.
D)mutual masturbation.

Question 36

Drugs frequently used to treat opportunistic infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis are

A)protease inhibitors.
B)antiviral agents.
C)antibiotics.
D)nucleoside analogs.

Question 37

Chlamydia is the most prevalent _______________ STI in the United States.

A)viral
B)bacterial
C)fungal
D)protozoal

Question 38

Protease inhibitors

A)block an HIV enzyme that forms new copies of HIV.
B)replace HIV DNA with CD4 RNA.
C)stop the production of CCR-5 cells.
D)regulate the production of new CD4 lymphocytes.

Question 39

Which of the following statements about mother-to-child transmission of HIV is TRUE?

A)More than 50 percent of infants born to untreated HIV-infected women are infected.
B)HIV is transmitted at conception if the mother is infected.
C)Infected women cannot transmit HIV through breastfeeding.
D)Treatment with antiretroviral medications during pregnancy reduces the risk of vertical transmission.

Question 40

Gonococcal conjunctivitis is an inflammation that affects the

A)urinary tract.
B)respiratory tract.
C)eyes.
D)vagina.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about the use of the HPV vaccine is TRUE?

A)It causes serious side effects.
B)The CDC recommends the vaccine for all girls and boys between the ages of 11 and 12.
C)It does not prevent most of the strains of HPV that cause cervical cancer.
D)The vaccine is equally effective when given before or after exposure to HPV.

Question 42

A chancre is a sign of

A)PID.
B)hepatitis A.
C)syphilis.
D)HIV infection.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about hepatitis B (HBV)is FALSE?

A)HBV is diagnosed using blood tests.
B)A vaccine is available for HBV.
C)Most people infected with HBV develop symptoms within 10-30 days.
D)Most adults with acute hepatitis B recover completely.

Question 44

Dementia,cardiovascular damage,blindness,and death are possible complications of

A)primary syphilis.
B)pelvic inflammatory disease.
C)chlamydia.
D)tertiary syphilis.

Question 45

Genital warts are difficult to treat effectively because

A)they grow into large clusters on most infected individuals.
B)available treatments do not eradicate the virus.
C)the incubation period is very short.
D)the bacterium that causes them is resistant to most antibiotics.

Question 46

Which of the following statements about genital herpes is TRUE?

A)After infection,the virus lies dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate at any time.
B)The virus can be transmitted to a sex partner even if no lesions are present.
C)Genital herpes is a major risk factor in the transmission of HIV worldwide.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 47

The hepatitis B virus can be transmitted via all of the following EXCEPT

A)toilet seats.
B)toothbrushes.
C)eating utensils.
D)razor blades.

Question 48

Syphilis in pregnant women increases risk for all of the following EXCEPT

A)excess fetal birth weight.
B)prematurity.
C)stillbirth.
D)birth defects.

Question 49

One drug used to treat herpes is

A)podophyllin.
B)Flagyl.
C)doxycycline.
D)acyclovir.

Question 50

Characteristics of primary syphilis include

A)painful lesions throughout the genital area.
B)an ulcer at the site where the organism entered the body.
C)hair loss.
D)all of these.

Question 51

Inflammation of the liver is known as

A)hepatitis.
B)jaundice.
C)Treponema pallidum.
D)epididymitis.

Question 52

Which of the following statements about secondary syphilis is FALSE?

A)Signs and symptoms appear 3-6 weeks after the first lesion appears.
B)It is characterized by a rash typically found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
C)About 75 percent of untreated secondary syphilis cases develop into tertiary syphilis.
D)This stage can involve symptoms that resemble a flulike illness.

Question 53

The incubation period of HPV is _______________ from the time of contact.

A)5 to 7 days
B)1 week to 2 months
C)1 month to 2 years
D)6 to 11 years

Question 54

The family of viruses that causes genital warts is

A)coronavirus.
B)norovirus.
C)human papillomavirus.
D)herpes simplex virus.

Question 55

The spirochete organism that causes syphilis is a

A)fungus.
B)bacterium.
C)virus.
D)protozoan.

Question 56

The most common nonviral STI in the United States,caused by a single-celled organism,is

A)HPV.
B)pubic lice.
C)trichomoniasis.
D)scabies.

Question 57

Which of the following causes almost all cervical cancers?

A)syphilis
B)trichomoniasis
C)human papillomavirus
D)pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 58

Herpes can be considered a serious STI for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)its high adult fatality rate.
B)its high incidence rate.
C)its serious impact on infected newborns.
D)the lack of a cure for the disease.

Question 59

Treatments for genital HPV infection (warts)include all of the following EXCEPT

A)cryosurgery.
B)electrocautery.
C)antibiotics.
D)laser surgery.

Question 60

People who have anal sex should be vaccinated for

A)hepatitis
B)HPV.
C)HIV.
D)pubic lice.

Question 61

If Molly were to acquire an STI,

A)she would know immediately because of the symptoms.
B)she would need to tell only her m sexual partner about the infection.
C)a course of antibiotics would cover any STI she would be likely to contract.
D)she should avoid all sexual activity until treatment is complete.

Question 62

STIs are caused by a variety of different organisms.

Question 63

People can become infected with HIV and pass the infection on to a sexual partner without ever having symptoms.

Question 64

The vast majority of people with a primary infection of HIV know they are infected.

Question 65

HIV transmission cannot occur before ejaculation.

Question 66

If left untreated,trichomoniasis can increase the risk of

A)HPV.
B)ectopic pregnancy.
C)bacterial vaginosis.
D)HIV transmission.

Question 67

HIV destroys CD4 cells,which are primary components of the immune system.

Question 68

Molly is particularly worried about developing cervical cancer.Which of the following steps would best reduce her chances of that outcome?

A)taking a yearly course of antibiotics known to be effective against HBV
B)getting regular tests for cervical abnormalities
C)using a dental dam during oral sex
D)getting a licensed HPV vaccine

Question 69

People with AIDS are vulnerable to a number of serious and often fatal opportunistic diseases.

Question 70

One highly contagious parasitic infection is

A)Candida albicans.
B)pubic lice.
C)Trichomoniasis.
D)condyloma.

Question 71

To help protect herself from contracting an STI,Molly should

A)assume responsibility for learning about the various STIs.
B)avoid becoming intoxicated before entering into a sexual situation.
C)always have her partner wear a condom during intercourse.
D)do all of these.

Question 72

Which of the following has been associated with an increased risk of bacterial vaginosis?

A)horseback riding
B)vaginal trauma
C)non-cotton underwear
D)multiple sexual partners

Question 73

Given the protective steps she has taken and the prevalence of each the following,which STI is Molly most at risk of first contracting?

A)PID
B)HIV infection
C)HPV infection
D)gonorrhea

Question 74

Which of the following is true of recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of STIs?

A)Regular testing for all STIs that can be asymptomatic is recommended for sexually active adults.
B)The CDC recommends that men who have sex with men be vaccinated against hepatitis C.
C)The CDC recommends that everyone be tested for HIV at least once during routine medical care,regardless of age
D)Hepatitis vaccination is recommended for every young person that is sexually active.

Question 75

During vaginal intercourse,male-to-female transmission of HIV is more likely to occur than female-to-male transmission.

Question 76

Full-blown AIDS is diagnosed if an HIV-positive person has a CD4 cell level of less than 200/ $\mu$ l.

Question 77

HIV lives only within cells and body fluids,not outside the body.

Question 78

The most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age is

A)trichomoniasis.
B)bacterial vaginosis.
C)gonorrhea.
D)chlamydia.

Question 79

It is important to treat trichomoniasis promptly with

A)oral metronidazole.
B)podophyllin.
C)tetracycline.
D)penicillin.

Question 80

Typical symptoms of trichomoniasis in women include

A)lesions around the vagina.
B)fever and chills.
C)decreased appetite,nausea,and vomiting.
D)yellow-greenish or foul-smelling vaginal discharge.