Deck 15: Cardiovascular Health

Question 1

Those who are most vulnerable to early onset of cardiovascular disease include all of the following EXCEPT

A)smokers.
B)individuals with uncontrolled hypertension.
C)individuals with low cholesterol levels.
D)sedentary individuals.

Answer 1

individuals with low cholesterol levels.

Question 2

The large artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to the rest of the body is called the

A)aorta.
B)vena cava.
C)pulmonary artery.
D)pulmonary vein.

Answer 2

aorta.

Question 3

Among the following treatment options for mild to moderate hypertension,which should be the LAST option tried,after the others have failed to produce an improvement?

A)weight loss
B)regular exercise
C)reduction of salt intake
D)drug therapy

Answer 3

drug therapy

Question 4

The blood cells that are necessary for the clotting of blood are

A)platelets.
B)lipoproteins.
C)capillaries.
D)macrophages.

Question 5

The portion of the circulatory system governed by the right side of the heart is _______________ circulation.

A)systemic
B)pulmonary
C)cerebral
D)extremity

Question 6

High blood pressure is best described as

A)a controllable risk factor for cardiovascular disease,and a disease itself.
B)a side effect of cardiovascular disease.
C)an end result of cardiovascular disease.
D)an uncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease,and a disease itself.

Question 7

How many chambers does the heart contain?

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)six

Question 8

Atherosclerosis probably contributes to hypertension by

A)dilating arteries.
B)influencing cholesterol levels.
C)causing arteries to become narrower.
D)affecting sodium balance in the body.

Question 9

The arteries that branch from the aorta and provide oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself are ________________ arteries.

A)pulmonary
B)systemic
C)coronary
D)capillary

Question 10

Atherosclerosis is

A)sustained abnormally high blood pressure.
B)the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force.
C)the thickening of artery walls by plaque deposits.
D)severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.

Question 11

The two large veins through which oxygen-poor blood travels into the right atrium are called the

A)vena cava.
B)aorta.
C)pulmonary arteries.
D)pulmonary veins.

Question 12

An adult would be diagnosed with hypertension beginning at what level of blood pressure or above?

A)100/70
B)120/80
C)140/90
D)160/100

Question 13

High blood pressure is also known as

A)atherosclerosis.
B)heart attack.
C)hypertension.
D)cardiomyopathy.

Question 14

When the heart contracts during _______________,blood pressure is greater than when the heart relaxes during _______________.

A)the pulmonary phase;the systemic phase
B)diastole;systole
C)systole;diastole
D)the systemic phase;the pulmonary phase

Question 15

The two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the lower chambers are called

A)ventricles.
B)atria.
C)diastoles.
D)valves.

Question 16

The left side of the heart pumps blood in _______________ circulation.

A)pulmonary
B)systemic
C)cerebral
D)coronary

Question 17

A blood pressure reading of 130/86 would be classified as

A)normal.
B)prehypertension.
C)stage 1 hypertension.
D)stage 2 hypertension.

Question 18

The small blood vessels that deliver blood to and pick blood up from tissues are

A)venules.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)vascules.

Question 19

Smoking harms the cardiovascular system in all the following ways EXCEPT

A)increasing the risk of clotting in the bloodstream.
B)reducing the level of high-density lipoproteins.
C)increasing blood pressure.
D)decreasing plaque formation in the arteries.

Question 20

All of the following cardiovascular disease (CVD)risk factors can be changed EXCEPT

A)cholesterol levels.
B)cigarette smoking.
C)family history of CVD.
D)obesity.

Question 21

C-reactive protein is released into the bloodstream in response to

A)free radicals.
B)antioxidants.
C)inflammation.
D)homocysteine.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about gender and cardiovascular disease is true?

A)In the United States,cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of men but not of women.
B)Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection against cardiovascular disease.
C)The incidence of hypertension is higher in women than in men before age 55.
D)Diabetes does not increase the risk of CVD in women to the degree it does in men.

Question 23

African Americans have a high rate of cardiovascular disease because of all the following factors EXCEPT

A)limited blood vessel dilation during the stress response.
B)heightened sensitivity to sodium.
C)a diet high in calcium.
D)high rates of hypertension.

Question 24

The American College of Cardiology would recommend that any adult aged 21 or over should be treated for high cholesterol if

A)his or her HDL level is 190 mg/dll or greater.
B)his or her LDL level is 250 mg/dll or greater.
C)his or her LDL level is 190 mg/dll or greater.
D)his or her HDL level is 50 mg/dll or lower.

Question 25

If an artery in a limb becomes blocked,it causes

A)a heart attack.
B)a stroke.
C)peripheral arterial disease.
D)arthritis.

Question 26

Which of the following does NOT raise triglyceride levels?

A)excess body fat
B)a low-carbohydrate diet
C)cigarette smoking
D)physical inactivity

Question 27

Exercise alters blood fat levels by

A)raising LDL levels.
B)lowering LDL levels.
C)raising HDL levels.
D)lowering HDL levels.

Question 28

When a coronary artery becomes blocked,the result is

A)a heart attack.
B)angina.
C)arrhythmia.
D)an obstructive embolism.

Question 29

Diabetics have higher rates of

A)hypertension.
B)low blood pressure.
C)physical activity.
D)weight loss.

Question 30

The LDL particle size that poses the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease is

A)pattern A,mostly large,buoyant particles.
B)pattern B,mostly small,dense particles.
C)pattern C,a mixture of particle types.
D)pattern D,mostly long,rod-shaped particles.

Question 31

The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that all adults,beginning at age 20,have their lipoproteins measured at least once every

A)year.
B)2 years.
C)5 years.
D)10 years.

Question 32

Which of the following combinations would place someone at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

A)low HDL and low LDL
B)high HDL and high LDL
C)low HDL and high LDL
D)high HDL and low LDL

Question 33

All of the following are characteristics of a "Type D" personality EXCEPT

A)pessimism.
B)angry outbursts.
C)general negativity.
D)unhappiness.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a "Type A" personality characteristic closely associated with heart disease?

A)hostility
B)ignorance
C)anger
D)cynicism

Question 35

The lipoprotein that draws cholesterol out of the walls of the arteries and returns it to the liver for recycling is

A)HDL.
B)VLDL.
C)LDL.
D)triglyceride.

Question 36

Blood viscosity can be reduced by

A)limiting fluid intake.
B)donating blood regularly.
C)taking iron supplements.
D)going through menopause.

Question 37

Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome?

A)high HDL
B)insulin resistance
C)low blood pressure
D)low triglycerides

Question 38

High uric acid levels in the blood may cause all of the following EXCEPT

A)hypertension.
B)gout.
C)kidney stones.
D)diabetes.

Question 39

Which of the following statements about homocysteine is true?

A)It is another type of cholesterol,similar to triglycerides.
B)It is a major factor in the development of hypertension.
C)It helps repair the linings of arteries.
D)High homocysteine levels are associated with memory loss.

Question 40

The lipoprotein that carries cholesterol out from the liver to other parts of the body and leads to cholesterol deposits on the artery walls (when there is too much of it)is

A)HDL.
B)omega-3.
C)LDL.
D)triglyceride.

Question 41

A blood-filled pocket bulging out from a weak spot in an artery wall is called a(n)

A)embolism.
B)thrombus.
C)fibrillation.
D)aneurysm.

Question 42

Treatment for congestive heart failure may include all of the following EXCEPT

A)reducing the workload of the heart.
B)increasing salt intake.
C)taking drugs that eliminate excess salt and water.
D)undergoing a heart transplant.

Question 43

What type of stroke is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel on the brain's surface,resulting in bleeding into the space between the brain and the skull?

A)thrombotic
B)embolic
C)subarachnoid hemorrhage
D)transient ischemic

Question 44

Angina pectoris is caused by

A)the complete blockage of a coronary artery.
B)a disruption of the electrical system of the heart.
C)a need for oxygen in the heart that exceeds supply.
D)sustained high blood pressure.

Question 45

Sudden cardiac death most often occurs because of

A)low blood pressure.
B)blocked cerebral arteries.
C)ventricular fibrillation.
D)coronary thrombosis.

Question 46

The test that uses a computer to construct a picture of the brain using X-ray images is

A)an angiogram.
B)radionuclide imaging.
C)a CT scan.
D)an MRI scan.

Question 47

Transient ischemic attacks

A)produce permanent paralysis.
B)are also known as "ministrokes."
C)usually occur after a major stroke.
D)can be cured with bed rest.

Question 48

The test that measures the electrical activity of the heart is called a(n)

A)coronary arteriogram.
B)electrocardiogram.
C)electroencephalogram.
D)echocardiogram.

Question 49

An arrhythmia is

A)an irregular heartbeat.
B)a ruptured blood vessel.
C)a blood clot found near the heart.
D)high blood pressure.

Question 50

All of the following are among the common effects of a stroke EXCEPT

A)memory loss.
B)hormonal imbalances.
C)speech impairment.
D)paralysis.

Question 51

Atherosclerosis is most closely associated with which type of stroke?

A)hemorrhagic
B)thrombotic
C)embolic
D)infarction

Question 52

A wandering clot that causes a stroke is called a(n)

A)vascular accident.
B)thrombosis.
C)embolus.
D)hemorrhage.

Question 53

Major symptoms of a heart attack include

A)headache.
B)low-back pain.
C)sore throat.
D)difficulty breathing.

Question 54

Cerebrovascular accident is another name for a

A)cerebral thrombosis.
B)stroke.
C)cerebral hematoma.
D)ruptured blood vessel.

Question 55

The most common symptom associated with angina is

A)tightness or pressure in the chest.
B)nausea.
C)pain or numbness in the legs.
D)shortness of breath.

Question 56

Which of the following statements about taking aspirin is FALSE?

A)It has an anticlotting effect.
B)It decreases the adhesiveness of platelets.
C)It can affect blood cholesterol levels.
D)It reduces inflammation.

Question 57

Most deaths from heart attacks occur within _______________ of the onset of symptoms.

A)1/2 hour
B)1 hour
C)2 hours
D)1 day

Question 58

Damage to the heart muscle because of lack of blood supply is called

A)myocardial infarction.
B)angina pectoris.
C)ischemia.
D)cardiac arrest.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about the warning signs of a heart attack is accurate?

A)The most common symptom in both genders is upper arm and neck pain.
B)People with high blood sugar typically experience more severe symptoms than those with normal blood sugar levels.
C)Shortness of breath is a warning sign that can occur alone and during periods of rest.
D)The maximum amount of time that can pass between onset of symptoms and the actual heart attack is about 48 hours.

Question 60

Which of the following is a treatment for CVD if detected?

A)angina pectoris
B)balloon angioplasty
C)electrocardiogram
D)angiogram

Question 61

The coronary arteries draw oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Question 62

People with no cardiovascular disease risk factors should have their blood pressure measured by a professional

A)once a month.
B)once a year.
C)once every 2 years.
D)once every 5 years.

Question 63

Diastole is the period of the heart's contraction.

Question 64

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Question 65

Eating a heart healthy diet involves all of the following EXCEPT

A)increasing cholesterol intake.
B)eating a high-fiber diet.
C)reducing sodium intake.
D)eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 66

It is possible to have high blood pressure for years without knowing it.

Question 67

Arnold's physician will likely suggest that Arnold make all of the following lifestyle changes EXCEPT

A)increasing soluble fiber intake.
B)increasing vitamin D intake.
C)increasing physical activity.
D)decreasing saturated fat intake.

Question 68

Changes in lifestyle alone can bring about measurable drops in blood pressure.

Question 69

Increasing which of the following can help lower blood pressure?

A)fat
B)folic acid
C)sodium
D)potassium

Question 70

The physician is most likely to be concerned about Arnold's risk for

A)respiratory problems.
B)obesity.
C)cancer.
D)cardiovascular disease.

Question 71

The most common cause of sudden death among athletes younger than 35 is

A)myocardial infarction.
B)hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
C)stroke.
D)aneurysm.

Question 72

The aorta is the body's largest artery.

Question 73

Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is TRUE?

A)It affects mostly older adults.
B)Its incidence has declined significantly in the U.S.
C)It permanently damages the liver.
D)It occurs because of untreated diabetes.

Question 74

The best method for preventing rheumatic fever is

A)eradication of disease-transmitting mosquitoes.
B)treatment of influenza with large doses of vitamin C.
C)treatment of strep throat with antibiotics.
D)immunization.

Question 75

The most common type of heart valve disorder

A)is very likely to cause symptoms.
B)involves the mitral valve.
C)is treated with surgery in most cases.
D)usually reduces exercise ability.

Question 76

Which of the following is true about vitamin D and CVD?

A)No association between the two has been discovered.
B)Taking vitamin D supplements helps to reduce hypertension.
C)Supplemental dietary vitamin D has not been proven to reduce risks associated with CVD.
D)Supplemental dietary vitamin D can help to lower homocysteine levels,which reduces the chances of developing CVD.

Question 77

The growth of hypertension can be identified by several early warning signs.

Question 78

Which finding would mostly likely be the chief,immediate concern of Arnold's physician?

A)Arnold's cholesterol levels
B)Arnold's blood pressure
C)Arnold's weight
D)Arnold's age

Question 79

The DASH study found that a diet high in vegetables and low in _______________ reduces blood pressure.

A)simple carbohydrates
B)protein
C)fat
D)low-fat dairy products

Question 80

The most common congenital heart defect in children is

A)coarctation of the vena cava.
B)holes in the walls that divide the chambers of the heart.
C)transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery.
D)an underdeveloped left side of the heart.