Deck 9: Managing Individual Stress

Question 1

Workers' compensation laws are increasingly eliminating benefits for injuries stemming from workplace stress.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: Workers' compensation laws are increasingly including provisions that award benefits for injuries stemming from workplace stress.

Question 2

Job skills and knowledge are not the only factors to consider in employee selection,in order to ensure person-environment fit.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The greater the power or authority of the person sending conflicting messages,the greater the job dissatisfaction produced by role conflict.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Stress is the consequence of the interaction between an environmental stimulus and the individual's response.

Question 5

The negative effects of overload can be increased when overload is coupled with low ability to control the demands of work.

Question 6

It is unwise for managers to attempt to counsel workers suspected of being depressed.

Question 7

Some people are predisposed to stress.

Question 8

Executives in the low end of the stress range,report less serious medical problems.

Question 9

Most people would prefer not to know how management views the quality of their work.

Question 10

Polls indicate that over 40 percent of Japanese workers aged 30 to 60 believe they will die from the stress of overwork,what the Japanese call "corporate samurai."

Question 11

A primary appraisal of stressors involves a determination of whether something can be done to reduce a stressor.

Question 12

Research has found a relatively small number of events actually create "stress."

Question 13

Research suggests that when individuals experience high work demands with little or no control over these demands,any physiological changes that occur in that physical setting fade promptly after the individual has left the situation.

Question 14

The person-environment fit approach is related to the concept of the psychological contract.

Question 15

Stress is not likely to result from a mismatch between an employee's talents and the job requirements.

Question 16

A high degree of involvement in,identification with,or commitment to one's job or profession is a necessary prerequisite for burnout.

Question 17

Burnout tends to be less of a problem for people whose jobs require extensive contact with other people.

Question 18

Rumors of an impending layoff are typically never as stressful as actually being laid off.

Question 19

Stress is an adaptive response,moderated by individual differences; that is a consequence of any action,situation,or event that places special demands on a person.

Question 20

Generally,the longer special demands are placed on us,the less stressful they become.

Question 21

Research supports the conclusion that humor boosts the human immune system,but has little effect on stress.

Question 22

Which of the following is a symptom of stress caused by work overload?

A) Insomnia
B) Apathy
C) Absenteeism
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 23

All of the following factors determine whether an experience is likely to result in stress except:

A) Importance
B) Uncertainty
C) Duration
D) Distance

Question 24

The intention of most stress prevention programs is to reduce the _______________ of an individual's stress.

A) occurrence
B) intensity
C) negative impact
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 25

Long duration stress is sometimes referred to as _______________.

A) contextual stress
B) superior stress
C) continuous stress
D) chronic stress

Question 26

Once a person is working in the organization,a critical variable in maximizing fit and preventing stress is effective socialization.

Question 27

Stress is the result of dealing with something placing a special demand on us.Special means a(n)_______________ experience.

A) physically threatening
B) psychologically threatening
C) unusual
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 28

An individual difference,such as _______________,is a potential stress moderator.

A) age
B) social support mechanisms
C) personality
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

The experience of work-related and non-work (extraorganizational)stress produces _______________ outcomes.

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) physiological
D) Any or all of the choices are correct.

Question 30

While generally seen as effective in promoting health,current trends indicate wellness programs have lost favor,as fewer employers are offering these programs.

Question 31

All of the following are the result of an optimal level of stress except:

A) High motivation
B) Calmness
C) Sharp perception
D) Indecisiveness

Question 32

Which of the following is a stressor at the non-work level?

A) Pace of change
B) Harassment
C) The economy
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 33

_______________ is present whenever compliance by an individual to one set of expectations about a job conflicts with compliance to another set of expectations.

A) Peripheral interference
B) Role conflict
C) Job overlap
D) Role enrichment

Question 34

Which of the following is a symptom of stress caused by work underload?

A) Apathy
B) Irritability
C) Increased errors
D) Sharp perception

Question 35

Which of the following is a stressor at the group level?

A) Lack of cohesiveness
B) Management styles
C) Role overload
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 36

Virtually everyone has experienced work overload,and the incidence rate is increasing.Overload ________________.

A) is said to be caused by "qualitative" factors
B) us said to be caused by "quantitative" factors
C) may be of two types: qualitative or quantitative
D) in the context of scientific management was seen as desirable

Question 37

Which of the following is a stressor at the individual level?

A) Technology
B) Management styles
C) Intragroup conflict
D) Role overload

Question 38

The optimal stress level _______________.

A) is near zero
B) is characterized in research as Type "O" stress
C) provides the best balance of challenge, responsibility, and reward
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 39

The greatest payoff from stress prevention and management comes from ongoing and sustained effort,rather than one-time activities.

Question 40

Employee assistance programs were originally conceived as stress reduction programs.

Question 41

When assessing a situation an individual may first evaluate a stressor as positive,negative or meaningless.The secondary appraisal then follows and involves a(n)____________.

A) reexamination of the situation intentionally changing perspective
B) determination of the negative and potential outcomes from the anticipated stress
C) assessment of "fight or flight" responses
D) determination whether something can be done to reduce the stress

Question 42

Disability claims _______________ in companies that have recently downsized.

A) decrease dramatically
B) increase dramatically
C) stabilize
D) are no longer an issue

Question 43

If you are low on _______________,you tend to be antagonistic,unsympathetic,and even rude toward others.

A) emotional stability
B) extroversion
C) agreeableness
D) conscientiousness

Question 44

Burnout is a psychological process that typically results in all of the following except:

A) Enhanced immunity functions
B) Emotional exhaustion
C) Depersonalization
D) Feelings of decreased accomplishment

Question 45

_______________ outcomes of stress include sweating,hot and cold flashes,and increased heart rate.

A) Cognitive
B) Behavioral
C) Physiological
D) Behavioral and physiological

Question 46

While the organizational consequences of stress are many and varied,they share one common feature: stress costs organizations _______________.

A) tempo
B) their reputations
C) customer loyalty
D) money

Question 47

The term _______________ refers to a relatively stable set of characteristics,temperaments,and tendencies that shape the similarities and differences in people's behavior.

A) character
B) personality
C) persona
D) talent

Question 48

_______________ refers to the extent that a person's knowledge,opinions,and ideas are included in the decision-making process.

A) Control
B) Integration
C) Participation
D) Pervasiveness

Question 49

Which of the following statements about the organizational costs associated with stress is false?

A) The American Medical Association claims that stress was the cause of up to 85 percent of all human illness and disease
B) Stressed workers smoke more, eat less well, and have more family problems
C) Forty percent of employee turnover is due to excessive stress
D) All of the above

Question 50

Which of the following are moderators of stress?

A) Personality
B) Type A behavior
C) Social Support
D) All of the above

Question 51

A study of 2,100 employees,chosen from 23 different occupations,found that _______________ reported the most boredom and apathy with their job conditions.

A) blue-collar
B) unskilled workers
C) gray-collar, nonprofessional workers
D) white-collar, professional workers

Question 52

All of the following are characteristics of a hardy person except:

A) The hardy person assumes that he or she is in control
B) The hardy person ignores changes
C) The hardy person responds to stress by coping
D) The hardy person treats change as a challenge

Question 53

During a crisis,a neurotransmitter called catecholamine suppresses parts of the brain dealing with all of the following except:

A) Memory
B) Concentration
C) Motor skills
D) Rational thought

Question 54

Which of the following Big Five personality dimensions is most clearly related to stress?

A) Emotional stability
B) Extroversion
C) Agreeableness
D) Conscientiousness

Question 55

Polls indicate that over 40 percent of Japanese workers aged 30 to 60 believe that they will die from _______________.

A) the stress of overwork
B) cancer
C) heart attacks
D) their poor diet

Question 56

A _______________ is a condition,behavior,or characteristic that qualifies the relationship between two variables.

A) moderator
B) modulation
C) bridge
D) regulator

Question 57

Those that score high on _______________ are better prepared to deal with stressors associated with change because they view change as a challenge.

A) extroversion
B) conscientiousness
C) openness to experience
D) emotional stability

Question 58

Stress outcomes have been classified as _______________.

A) cognitive and emotional
B) cognitive and behavioral
C) cognitive, behavioral and physiological
D) cognitive, behavioral, psychological and financial

Question 59

Which of the following burnout symptoms indicates low personal accomplishment?

A) Cannot deal with problems effectively
B) Feels fatigued in the morning
C) Does not want to work with other people
D) A and B are Correct.

Question 60

Which one of the following statements about depression is incorrect?

A) Depression costs billions of dollars a year in medical bills, lost productivity, and absenteeism.
B) The World Health Organization predicts that by 2030, more people in the world will be affected by depression than any other health problem.
C) Depression is easy to detect, especially within the current health care system.
D) Depression leads to higher absenteeism and decreased worker productivity.

Question 61

Relaxation training generally results in all of the following except:

A) Increased heart rate
B) A clear sense of being in control
C) A reduction in anxiety and tension
D) Slowed breathing

Question 62

Analysis showed that _______________ was related to the presence of arteriosclerosis more than any other Type A Behavior Pattern dimension.

A) ambition
B) impatience
C) work orientation
D) hostility

Question 63

Any activity that an organization engages in that is designed to identify and assist in preventing or correcting _______________ can be thought of as wellness-related.

A) health hazards
B) negative health habits
C) specific health problems
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 64

Provide an example of problem-focused coping.

Question 65

All of the following are cognitive distortions except:

A) Magnifying
B) Overgeneralizing
C) Personalization
D) Distancing

Question 66

There are two types of work overload,what are they?

Question 67

Two major components of a Type A Behavior Pattern are:

A) Impatience and hostility
B) Impatience and arrogance
C) Ambition and arrogance
D) Ambition and hostility

Question 68

Stress is the result of dealing with something placing special demands on us.In this context,what does special mean?

Question 69

In the Model of Stressors,Stress,and Outcomes,stressors were presented in four main categories,what are they?

Question 70

_______________ has been cited as the greatest cause of poor health habits.

A) Alcoholism
B) Drug abuse
C) Poor health education
D) Stress

Question 71

Which of the following can be brought under voluntary control through the use of biofeedback techniques?

A) Brain waves
B) Heart rate
C) Muscle tension
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 72

Two types of organizational programs have become particularly popular during the last two decades: employee assistance programs and _______________ programs.

A) health care
B) wellness
C) physical fitness
D) biofeedback

Question 73

For any employee assistance program to be a success,employees must trust in all of the following except:

A) The program can and will provide real help
B) The program will be available on a long-term basis
C) Confidentiality will be maintained
D) Use of the program carries no negative job implications

Question 74

Explain the typical workweek of a eurocommuter.

Question 75

How does hardiness impact stress?

Question 76

What is the first step in any attempt to deal with stress?

A) Calming down
B) Identifying the source of the stress
C) Recognizing that stress exists
D) Removing the source of the stress

Question 77

_______________ was defined in the text as the comfort,assistance,or information one receives through formal or informal contacts with individuals or groups.

A) Social support
B) Emotional support
C) Companionship
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 78

Employee assistance programs are designed to deal with a wide range of stress-related problems.General elements of such a program include all of the following except:

A) Diagnosis
B) Screening
C) Full sharing with the sponsoring employer
D) Treatment

Question 79

What is role conflict? Provide an example.

Question 80

Ideally,the process for maximizing person-environment fit begins _______________.

A) at the first sign of job-related stress
B) before the individual joins the organization
C) during job orientation
D) at the request of the employee