Deck 11: Living With Chronic Illness

Question 1

Henry,an 86-year-old retired farmer has a good memory and cognitive functioning.As he continues to age,

A) his memory and cognitive functioning will markedly improve.
B) his memory and cognitive functioning will deteriorate rapidly.
C) his chances of developing Alzheimer's disease will rise rapidly.
D) his chances of developing Alzheimer's disease will be less than those of men in their 70s.

Answer 1

his chances of developing Alzheimer's disease will be less than those of men in their 70s.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a risk for Alzheimer's disease?

A) high educational level
B) Type 2 diabetes
C) having a head injury
D) experiencing prolonged bouts of inflammation during one's life

Answer 2

high educational level

Question 3

Barbara's daughter was recently diagnosed with diabetes.The best course of action her family could take is to

A) treat her as someone who is unique because of her diabetes.
B) establish a routine that is close to normal.
C) tell the other daughters to never fight with their sister.
D) both a and b.

Answer 3

establish a routine that is close to normal.

Question 4

The type of social support that tends to be most helpful to people with chronic illness may be described as

A) selective.
B) coming from partners rather than family.
C) "circumplex."
D) "invisible."

Question 5

The largest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease is _______.

A) genetics
B) age
C) body weight
D) all of the above

Question 6

Which of the following has been shown to increase a person's susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease?

A) apolipoprotein ε
B) glucagon
C) insulin level
D) white blood cell count

Question 7

Chronic diseases affect children,with _____ of children having some chronic physical health problem.

A) 1-5%
B) 10-15%
C) 25-30%
D) 50-60%

Question 8

Russell has prostate cancer.What is MOST likely to be true of Russell?

A) His perception of himself will change.
B) He will experience few negative emotions.
C) His relationship with his family will be unaffected.
D) He will develop clinical depression.

Question 9

Wilford has just received a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes and has agreed to participate in a cognitive behavioral program to help him cope with his diabetes.

A) This program will help Wilford develop emotion-focused coping strategies.
B) This program will allow Wilford to discontinue his medication.
C) This program will help Wilford and his family adapt to the changes he needs to make in his life.
D) This type of program will not be as effective in helping Wilford as relaxation or hypnosis.

Question 10

All of the following decreases an individual's risk for Alzheimer's Disease except

A) physical activity.
B) cognitive activity.
C) depression.
D) low levels of alcohol consumption.

Question 11

What type of sensory stimulation therapy may be most beneficial for Alzheimer's patients?

A) Music
B) Aromatherapy
C) Exposure to sunlight
D) Muscle relaxation training

Question 12

______ functioning is the best predictor of quality of life in individuals who are coping with a chronic illness.

A) Physical
B) Psychological
C) Physiological
D) Environmental

Question 13

______ appears to matter more than ___________ in determining the quality of life of someone who is coping with a chronic illness.

A) Psychological functioning; physical functioning
B) Psychological functioning; environmental functioning
C) Physical functioning; psychological functioning
D) Physical functioning; emotional functioning

Question 14

In contrast to people with acute illnesses,those with chronic disorders are more likely to

A) develop a hopeless attitude toward their condition.
B) accept their physician's authority.
C) comply with medical advice.
D) be aware of their disease.

Question 15

A common psychological problem among Alzheimer's patients is depression,with as many as ______ of patients reporting depressive symptoms.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 50%

Question 16

Families with a chronically ill child should

A) find some positive aspect in their situation.
B) devote themselves full-time to their child.
C) reinforce the child's illness behaviors.
D) realize that the child's chronic illness will soon be cured.

Question 17

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease seems to be due to

A) a genetic defect.
B) an accumulation of stressful life events.
C) an unusually high number of childhood illnesses.
D) an immune deficiency.

Question 18

Chronic diseases are more common than acute diseases,but

A) fewer people die of chronic diseases.
B) people who have a chronic disease try to live as normal a life as possible.
C) chronic diseases are more easily cured than acute illnesses.
D) people with a chronic disease are more likely to seek medical treatment.

Question 19

Which type of coping strategies tends to produce the best results when dealing with the stresses of chronic illness?

A) emotional coping
B) avoidant coping
C) active coping
D) both a and c

Question 20

The diagnosis of a chronic disease may be seen as a crisis or a psychosocial transition,but both views acknowledge that such a diagnosis

A) requires adaptation.
B) affects families more than individuals.
C) is more difficult for women than for men.
D) is more difficult for people with diabetes than Alzheimer's disease.

Question 21

Feelings of loss that Alzheimer's caregivers experience often begin

A) with the diagnosis.
B) when memory loss becomes apparent.
C) when the patient no longer recognizes the caregiver.
D) when the patient dies.

Question 22

All of the following may be health complications that stem from Type 2 diabetes EXCEPT:

A) damage to the retina
B) damage to blood vessels
C) damage to kidneys
D) damage to short-term memory functioning

Question 23

_____ diabetes is the most common type of diabetes,representing ____ of all cases of diabetes.

A) Type 1; 70-80%
B) Type 1; 90-95%
C) Type 2; 70-80%
D) Type 2; 90-95%

Question 24

Health psychology's involvement with diabetes has included

A) understanding how diabetics conceptualize their illness.
B) understanding the effects of stress on blood glucose metabolism.
C) helping diabetics understand the requirements for managing diabetes.
D) all of these.

Question 25

As Alzheimer's disease progresses to the latter stages,patients are more likely to develop

A) anger at others.
B) depression.
C) incontinence.
D) self-anger.

Question 26

What health problem is NOT associated with diabetes?

A) cardiovascular disease
B) blindness
C) kidney disease
D) gum disease

Question 27

Insulin is

A) a neurotransmitter.
B) a hormone.
C) an endogenous opioid.
D) an exogenous opioid.

Question 28

Drugs are most often given to Alzheimer's patients

A) to delay the progress of cognitive and psychological impairment.
B) to reverse cognitive impairment.
C) for their placebo effect.
D) to prevent wandering.

Question 29

Amy,a 10-year-old 5th grade student,has been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes.Which of these added problems would be of LEAST concern?

A) losing significant levels of her cognitive functioning
B) adopting a regular time eating schedule
C) refraining from eating some of her favorite fools
D) adopting a regular exercise program

Question 30

Glucagon acts to ____,and insulin acts to _____.

A) stimulate the stomach . . . stimulate the pancreas
B) increase hunger . . . decrease hunger
C) decrease blood sugar levels . . . increase blood sugar level
D) stimulate the release of glucose . . . take glucose into cells

Question 31

The ______ of the pancreas produce glucagon and insulin.

A) islet cells
B) mellitus cells
C) diabetes cells
D) both a and b

Question 32

The psychosocial factor most strongly tied to poor diabetes management is:

A) social support
B) depression
C) anxiety
D) weight

Question 33

_____ is the disorder caused by insulin deficiency.

A) Pancreatitis
B) Appendicitis
C) Diabetes Mellitus
D) Glucagon

Question 34

Which of the following statements is best supported by the research evidence?

A) The number of stressful life events has a direct and powerful effect on blood glucose regulation.
B) Stress management makes a small but significant impact on blood glucose levels.
C) Stress management is not useful in the management of diabetes, even though stress affects blood glucose levels in most diabetics.
D) No evidence has shown a relationship between stress and blood glucose levels.

Question 35

One of the difficulties that children and adolescents face in coping with diabetes is that

A) most parents fail to accept their child's disorder.
B) they do not have the cognitive sophistication to plan their regimens.
C) they may resist adhering to the dietary restrictions and exercise requirements.
D) children fear the long-term complications of diabetes.

Question 36

Interventions aimed at teaching diabetes patients to manage their _______ can also help improve their management of blood sugar levels.

A) depression
B) stress
C) anxiety
D) both a and b

Question 37

Which ethnic group has the lowest risk for Type 2 diabetes?

A) Asian Americans
B) African Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) European Americans

Question 38

Kyle has had diabetes for the past five years,is overweight,and manages his diabetes by attempting to eat healthier and taking daily medication.Kyle most likely has

A) Type 1 Diabetes
B) Type 2 Diabetes
C) Gestational Diabetes
D) Insulin-Dependent Diabetes

Question 39

The leading cause of death for those with Type 2 diabetes is

A) renal failure.
B) pancreatic cancer.
C) cardiovascular disease.
D) renal cell carcinoma.

Question 40

Anna has had diabetes for over thirty years,is of a healthy weight,and manages her diabetes by regular insulin injections.Anna most likely has

A) Type 1 Diabetes
B) Type 2 Diabetes
C) Gestational Diabetes
D) Adult-Onset Diabetes

Question 41

Children who grew up exposed to more bacteria and fungi than other children are _________.

A) less likely to have asthma
B) more likely to have asthma
C) more likely to have asthma, but then outgrow it.
D) more likely to get asthma when young than old.

Question 42

Psychologists are most likely to help diabetic patients through

A) providing educational material.
B) regulating their physical activity program.
C) improving their adherence to their treatment regimen.
D) teaching them how to self-administer insulin.

Question 43

Which ethnic group has the highest rates of asthma?

A) European Americans
B) African Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Hispanic Americans

Question 44

The primary factor in asthma treatment is

A) maintaining adherence to medication.
B) changing the patient's environment.
C) smoking cessation.
D) early hospitalization.

Question 45

The hygiene hypothesis holds that asthma is a result of _____ that has become common in modern society.

A) cleanliness
B) cigarette smoking
C) industrial pollution
D) dust mites

Question 46

Common to both diabetes and asthma are

A) triggers.
B) problems of adherence.
C) insulin injections.
D) troubles in breathing.

Question 47

Since 1993,death rates from AIDS in the United States have declined due to

A) a drop in the incidence of AIDS.
B) a shorter survival time of AIDS patients.
C) a decrease in the prevalence of HIV infection among heterosexual men.
D) a decrease in the prevalence of HIV infection among heterosexual women.

Question 48

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.
B) is a mutated form of cancer that can be traced back to the early 1900s.
C) is an altered form of pneumonia that first appeared in Africa.
D) causes the human immunodeficiency virus.

Question 49

During the decade from 1995 to 2005,the incidence of HIV infection grew fastest for

A) male-male sexual contact.
B) male-female sexual contact.
C) injection drug use among men.
D) injection drug use among women.

Question 50

A chronic intermittent disorder that causes constriction of the bronchial tubes,thus preventing air from passing freely is

A) asthma.
B) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
C) pneumonia.
D) influenza.

Question 51

Possible risk factors for asthma include

A) high levels of physical fitness.
B) being European American.
C) living in a rural area.
D) obesity.

Question 52

Which age group has the highest rates of asthma?

A) 5-17 years olds
B) 20-30 years olds
C) 40-50 years olds
D) 60+ year olds

Question 53

Death from AIDS is due to

A) a direct effect of the deadliness of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
B) the destruction of the immune system, leaving people vulnerable to a variety of infections, any of which can be fatal.
C) poor medical care for those infected.
D) the tendency of those who are infected to avoid medical care until a critical stage of infection has been reached.

Question 54

The ____ model hypothesizes that genetic vulnerability interacts with environmental factors to stimulate asthmatic reactions.

A) hardiness
B) hierarchy of needs
C) diathesis-stress
D) allergy

Question 55

The proportion of new HIV cases in the United States has decreased most for

A) Hispanic American women.
B) injection drug users.
C) African American women.
D) gay men.

Question 56

With regard to the perception of glucose levels,most diabetics

A) develop effective strategies that allow them to predict their insulin needs.
B) have inaccurate beliefs about blood glucose levels.
C) with Type 1 diabetes have more accurate beliefs than those with Type 2 diabetes.
D) would prefer to turn their care over to professionals rather than learn self-monitoring.

Question 57

The lifestyle changes that are necessary to manage diabetes are essentially a problem of

A) adherence.
B) stress management.
C) weight control.
D) exercise.

Question 58

Triggers for an asthmatic attack are LEAST likely to include

A) newspaper ink.
B) cigarette smoke.
C) dust mites.
D) chemical sprays.

Question 59

All of the following are risk factors for asthma EXCEPT:

A) obesity
B) sedentary lifestyle
C) living in a developed country
D) living in a rural area

Question 60

Of the various types of AIDS,the one most frequently found in the Africa is

A) HIV-1.
B) HIV-2.
C) HIV-3.
D) HIV-4.

Question 61

The largest number of HIV cases in the United States has come through

A) male-male sexual contact.
B) male-female sexual contact.
C) injection drug use.
D) blood transfusions.

Question 62

Which is true regarding how the quality of death affects those left behind?

A) Spouses of those who died a "good death" experience less anger.
B) Spouses of those who died a "good death" experience less yearning.
C) Spouses of those who were not able to die a "good death" experienced less anger.
D) Spouses and family of those who died a "good death" felt little grief.

Question 63

Most adults exhibit__________ following a death of a loved one.

A) resiliency
B) acute-recovery
C) improvement
D) chronic low levels of well-being

Question 64

Some sexual behaviors are more likely to spread HIV infection than other behaviors.Which of the following is the highest risk?

A) kissing
B) anal intercourse
C) vaginal intercourse
D) all of these are high-risk behaviors

Question 65

Donna has been experiencing night sweats,swollen lymph nodes,fever,loss of appetite,persistent diarrhea,a painful skin rash,and white spots in her mouth.She is currently in a monogamous relationship with her boyfriend whom she has known for six months.As her friend,you should tell her

A) that women in monogamous sexual relationships do not contact the HIV virus.
B) to get bed rest until her symptoms disappear.
C) to get tested for HIV infection.
D) that she is probably in the first stage of HIV infection.

Question 66

Those who show improvement following the death of a loved one,usually have gained _______.

A) resiliency
B) acute-recovery
C) improvement
D) denial

Question 67

Elizabeth Kübler-Ross proposed five stages of dying.Research has indicated that

A) the denial stage is the longest of the five stages.
B) people experience the reactions described in the stages but not in the order she proposed.
C) most people skip the bargaining stage.
D) most people do not reach the acceptance stage.

Question 68

Injection drug use

A) is responsible for HIV infection for more women than men.
B) is the leading cause of HIV infection worldwide.
C) affects African Americans and Hispanic Americans more than European Americans.
D) dropped from the leading cause of HIV infection to the least likely mode of infection during the late 1990s.

Question 69

Most protective measures to prevent transmission of HIV include ways to

A) prevent exchange of body fluids.
B) isolate the infected people.
C) reduce the amount of sexual activity, especially among gay men and lesbians.
D) avoid gay men and lesbians.

Question 70

Women now account for about ___ of all HIV cases in the United States.

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 33%

Question 71

Which group currently accounts for more than half of HIV transmissions?

A) Male-male sexual contact
B) Male-female sexual contact
C) Injection drug use
D) Transmission from mother to baby

Question 72

HIV usually progresses over a decade or more; the longest phase in its development is characterized by

A) a period of latency in which the person experiences few, if any, symptoms.
B) symptoms of fever, sore throat, skin rash, and headache.
C) a cluster of symptoms, including swollen lymph nodes, fever, fatigue, night sweats, and loss of appetite.
D) a CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count of less than 200.

Question 73

Heterosexual sex is more likely to

A) spread HIV infection than sharing needles.
B) lead to HIV infection in women than in men.
C) lead to HIV infection in men than in women.
D) spread HIV infection than homosexual sex.

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT likely to result in HIV infection?

A) sharing eating utensils with someone who is infected
B) receiving a blood transfusion from someone who is infected
C) having sexual intercourse with someone who is infected
D) all of these are high-risk behaviors

Question 75

Behaviors that will protect the largest number of people against HIV include

A) limiting the number of sex partners and using condoms.
B) avoiding giving blood and blood transfusions.
C) avoiding drug use and avoiding homosexuals.
D) avoiding people who have AIDS.

Question 76

Those AIDS patients who have better psychological adjustment to their situation

A) contacted HIV through injection drug use rather than male-male sexual contact.
B) contacted HIV through heterosexual contact rather than male-male sexual contact.
C) have avoidance coping styles.
D) have active coping styles.

Question 77

Heterosexual contact is the leading source of HIV infection in _______.

A) the United States
B) Africa
C) Eastern Europe
D) Russia

Question 78

All of the following were characterized as responses to bereavement EXCEPT

A) resiliency.
B) acute-recovery.
C) improvement.
D) denial.

Question 79

For a person with a terminal illness,a personal re-examination of his or her life

A) usually leads to disintegration and despair.
B) often causes a loss of personal relationships and social support.
C) may lead the person to find a new meaning in his or her life.
D) is typically different for people with cancer than for people with heart disease.

Question 80

The concept of the "good death"

A) includes some control over end-of-life issues.
B) includes access to palliative care.
C) includes continuing efforts to sustain life through life support.
D) both a and b