Deck 13: Using Alcohol and Other Drugs

Question 1

Binge drinking can lead to all of the following EXCEPT

A) intoxication.
B) poor judgment.
C) impaired coordination.
D) long-term cognitive deficits.

Answer 1

long-term cognitive deficits.

Question 2

During the mid-1800s in the United States,the attitude toward alcohol was one of ____________.

A) temperance, or moderate use of alcohol
B) prohibition, or abstinence from alcohol
C) toleration, as long as people did not get drunk
D) celebration; people drank in large amounts.

Answer 2

prohibition, or abstinence from alcohol

Question 3

________ drinking is having 5 or more drinks on the same occasion at least once per month.

A) Binge
B) Moderate
C) Heavy
D) Regular

Answer 3

Binge

Question 4

In the age group of 12-17 year olds,______ are current drinkers.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 33%
D) 40%

Question 5

In the United States,people of this ethnic background have the highest rate of drinking.

A) European Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) African Americans
D) Asian Americans

Question 6

In the United States,people of this ethnic background have the highest rate of binge drinking and heavy drinking.

A) European Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) African Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 7

In the United States,_____ of people are classified as regular drinkers,____ as binge drinkers,and____ as heavy drinkers.

A) 50%, 20%, 10%
B) 50%, 10%, 5%
C) 66%, 15%, 10%
D) 66%, 10%, 1%

Question 8

A history of social attitudes toward drunkenness reveals that

A) drunkenness has always been acceptable in wine-drinking countries.
B) drunkenness and drinking have been equally condemned.
C) drunkenness has generally been acceptable in beer-drinking countries.
D) drunkenness has always been unacceptable except for special occasions.

Question 9

Which ethnic group has the lowest rates of heavy and binge drinking?

A) European Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 10

_______ is the most widely consumed drug in the United States.

A) Marijuana
B) Alcohol
C) Cocaine
D) Ecstasy

Question 11

What was the effect of the introduction of distilled alcoholic beverages into 18th century England?

A) All social classes dramatically increased consumption of the new alcoholic beverages.
B) Consumption of distilled spirits rapidly decreased among the lower classes because of cost.
C) Widespread consumption and drunkenness increased among the richest social class.
D) Intoxication increased dramatically among the lower and working classes.

Question 12

________ drinking is having 14 or more drinks per week for men or having 7 or more drinks per week for women.

A) Binge
B) Moderate
C) Heavy
D) Regular

Question 13

What was the effect of the passage of the 18th Amendment to the United States constitution on alcohol consumption?

A) Illegal alcohol consumption increased among the rich who could afford the cost.
B) Consumption increased initially but decreased steadily afterwards.
C) Consumption decreased dramatically from previous levels.
D) There was no effect.

Question 14

In the age group of 18-24 year olds,______ are binge drinkers.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 33%
D) 40%

Question 15

With regard to the consumption of alcohol in the United States,it is most accurate to say that about

A) 90% of adults drink; about one fourth abuse alcohol.
B) 75% of adults drink; about one tenth abuse alcohol.
C) 66% of adults drink; about 10% binge drink.
D) 90% of adults drink; about 5% abuse alcohol.

Question 16

Alcohol consumption in the United States reached its peak during

A) the early 1800s.
B) the Civil War.
C) Prohibition.
D) World War II.

Question 17

Per capita alcohol consumption decreased dramatically after 1830 in the United States because of

A) strict enforcement of import quotas on foreign wines and spirits.
B) the high cost of distilled beverages, which related to periodic grain shortages.
C) the passage of the 18th Amendment.
D) the spread of the temperance movement.

Question 18

The ___________ outlawed the manufacture or sale of alcohol and the _____ ended Prohibition.

A) 18th Amendment; 19th Amendment
B) 18th Amendment; 21st Amendment
C) 21st Amendment; 22nd Amendment
D) 21st Amendment; 24 Amendment

Question 19

Since 1980,the per capita consumption of alcohol in the United States has

A) increased dramatically.
B) increased slightly.
C) remained about the same.
D) declined.

Question 20

______ of adults in the US are classified as current drinkers.

A) 33%
B) 50%
C) 66%
D) 10%

Question 21

_______ is the most widely used drug among high school students.

A) Alcohol
B) Marijuana
C) Cocaine
D) Ecstasy

Question 22

Carla,a 120-pound woman,and her twin brother Carlos,a 200-pound man,decided to celebrate their 21st birthday by equally dividing a six-pack of beer,although neither had consumed much alcohol before this time.You would guess that

A) Carla will be more affected by the beer than Carlos.
B) Carlos will be more affected by the beer than Carla.
C) the twins will be equally affected by the beer.
D) neither will be affected by the beer, because beer does not contain enough alcohol to bring about intoxication.

Question 23

The highest rate of binge drinking in the United States is among

A) young adolescents.
B) the elderly.
C) women.
D) young adults, 18 to 25 years of age.

Question 24

Along with cirrhosis of the liver,alcohol's principal threat to health is its likelihood of causing

A) lung cancer.
B) unintentional injuries.
C) heart disease.
D) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Question 25

A woman who is a light to moderate drinker during pregnancy

A) is most likely to have a child who suffers from fetal alcohol syndrome.
B) is likely to have a child with facial abnormalities but no other symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome.
C) has an increased risk of miscarriage.
D) is likely to have a child who has a heavier than average birth weight.

Question 26

If not consumed,alcohol turns to vinegar.If it is consumed,it

A) also turns to vinegar.
B) turns to ethanol.
C) is digested by the stomach and passed through the excretory system.
D) turns mostly to sugar.

Question 27

Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase are

A) enzymes involved in the metabolism of alcohol.
B) toxic byproducts of excessive alcohol consumption.
C) found in fermented but not distilled alcoholic beverages.
D) biological markers that differentiate alcoholics from nonalcoholics.

Question 28

Which of the following is an indirect effect of alcohol consumption?

A) the relationship between drinking and cirrhosis of the liver
B) the relationship between drinking and motor vehicle crashes
C) an increased risk of fetal alcohol syndrome in pregnant women
D) a decrease in thiamin absorption

Question 29

In general,____ are less likely to binge or drink heavily,whereas ____ are more likely to be heavy and problem drinkers

A) college graduates . . . high school dropouts
B) high school dropouts . . . college graduates.
C) college graduates . . . high school graduates
D) men . . . women

Question 30

The combination of physiological dependence and withdrawal symptoms is usually referred to as

A) addiction.
B) tolerance.
C) psychological dependence.
D) psychological addiction.

Question 31

In general,

A) high school dropouts have the highest rate of alcohol consumption.
B) people with a high school education have the highest rate of alcohol consumption.
C) college graduates have the highest rate of alcohol consumption.
D) no relationship exists between educational level and consumption of alcohol.

Question 32

When a drug becomes incorporated into the functioning of the body's cells and thus becomes necessary for "normal" functioning,________ has occurred.

A) dependence
B) tolerance
C) withdrawal
D) death

Question 33

After the legal age for buying alcohol was raised to 21,consumption among adolescents ages 12 to 17

A) dropped dramatically.
B) dropped slightly.
C) remained about the same.
D) rose dramatically.

Question 34

Research indicates that alcohol

A) increases aggression in some people.
B) increases concentration.
C) causes lung cancer.
D) decreases high-density lipoprotein.

Question 35

Heavy consumption of alcohol may affect pregnancy by

A) decreasing fertility.
B) increasing fertility.
C) increasing the risk of fetal alcohol syndrome.
D) both a and c.

Question 36

Tolerance refers to

A) the ability to tolerate large doses of drugs without impairment of psychological or physical abilities.
B) a strong psychological desire and craving for a drug.
C) the property of a drug that requires increasingly higher levels to get the same effect.
D) the property of a drug that requires changes in the body's physical functioning, making the drug necessary for normal functioning.

Question 37

Korsakoff syndrome is sometimes found among long-term,heavy users of alcohol and is characterized by

A) nonfunctional scar tissue on the liver.
B) confusion, disorientation, and memory impairment.
C) high blood pressure and rapid, irregular heartbeat.
D) excessive trembling, sweating, anxiety, and hallucinations.

Question 38

Erick drinks about seven or eight drinks a day.Besides the risk of accidents,Erick's greatest INCREASED risk is that of

A) heart disease.
B) oral cancer.
C) lung cancer.
D) cirrhosis of the liver.

Question 39

Research on the relationship between alcohol and homicide indicates that

A) the killer is likely to have been drinking.
B) the victim is likely to have been drinking.
C) both the victim and the killer are likely to have been drinking.
D) consumption of alcohol causes homicides.

Question 40

Which of the following is a "direct hazard" of alcohol consumption?

A) an association between consumption and aggression
B) increased consumption leads to increased accidents
C) alcohol's effect on coordination and cognitive functions
D) an association between increased consumption and progressive liver damage

Question 41

In most studies of the relationship between drinking and mortality rate,a J-shaped or U-shaped relationship has been found.This pattern suggests that

A) light and moderate drinkers have a higher death rate than heavy drinkers.
B) moderate and heavy drinkers have a lower death rate than light drinkers.
C) light and nondrinkers have a higher death rate than heavy drinkers.
D) light and moderate drinkers have a lower death rate than nondrinkers or heavy drinkers.

Question 42

______,an irreversible condition,is the accumulation of nonfunctional scar tissue in the liver.

A) Cirrhosis
B) Liver cancer
C) Pancreatitis
D) Jaundice

Question 43

Light to moderate drinking seems to offer a protective benefit by reducing the risk of death by

A) ischemic stoke.
B) heart disease.
C) hemorrhagic stroke.
D) Both a and b

Question 44

The benefits of drinking alcohol appear _________.

A) as soon as one begins to drinking
B) among young adults
C) during middle age
D) never; the benefits do not outweigh the risks.

Question 45

Most studies of level of alcohol consumption and mortality found this kind of a relationship:

A) S-shaped.
B) J-shaped.
C) direct.
D) inverse.

Question 46

All of the following are benefits of being a light to moderate drinker of alcohol EXCEPT:

A) lower chance of developing Type 2 Diabetes
B) lower risk of experiencing gallstones
C) decreased risk for Alzheimer's disease
D) lower chance of hemorrhagic stroke

Question 47

College-aged men who have been drinking

A) tend to lose interest in women.
B) tend to drive motor vehicles more cautiously.
C) report that they can concentrate better on schoolwork.
D) are more likely than sober men to be willing to have unprotected sex.

Question 48

______ combined with alcohol predicts intimate partner violence.

A) Trait anger
B) Jealousy
C) Emotional lability
D) Both A and B

Question 49

As many as ______ of fatal unintentional injuries throughout the world involve alcohol.

A) 11%
B) 32%
C) 47%
D) 69%

Question 50

Research on the genetic component of alcoholism tends to indicate

A) no hereditary influence.
B) a strong hereditary influence for both men and women.
C) a strong hereditary influence for women but not for men.
D) some support for the hereditary influence of alcoholism, especially in men.

Question 51

Low to moderate levels of drinking decrease the risk for __________,but high levels of drinking increase the risk for ___________.

A) automobile crashes . . . automobile crashes.
B) Alzheimer's disease . . . Korsakoff syndrome
C) bicycle injuries . . . ulcers
D) gallstones . . . lung cancer

Question 52

Studies of twins show that

A) both heredity and environment play a role in mild and severe drinking problems.
B) heredity and environment play an equal role in all levels of drinking problems.
C) environment is clearly more influential than heredity in determinism alcoholism.
D) heredity is more influential for men; environment for women.

Question 53

During the past 50 years,the medical community has been most strongly influenced by this explanation for why people drink:

A) the tension reduction hypothesis.
B) the stress-response-dampening model.
C) the disease model.
D) the social learning model.

Question 54

Kane,a college senior,has been a moderate drinker for the past two years.Now,he needs more beers than he did two years ago to feel "buzzed," which suggests that he has developed ________.

A) tolerance
B) dependence
C) withdrawal
D) addiction

Question 55

Physical symptoms,such as restlessness,irritability,and tremors,may occur when a person is experiencing _________ from alcohol.

A) tolerance
B) dependence
C) withdrawal
D) addiction

Question 56

Which enzyme breaks alcohol into aldehyde,a toxic chemical?

A) alcohol dehydrogenase
B) aldehyde dehydrogenase
C) malate dehydrogenase
D) acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 57

Which of the following ethnic groups are more likely to drive after drinking?

A) European Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) African Americans
D) Asian Americans

Question 58

Liver damage or mouth cancer are considered __________ of alcohol and motor vehicle accidents or aggressive behavior are _________.

A) indirect hazards; direct hazards
B) direct hazards; indirect hazards
C) indirect hazards; direct benefits
D) direct hazards; direct benefits

Question 59

The most likely explanation for the relationship between alcohol consumption and heart disease is that alcohol

A) raises low-density lipoprotein.
B) raises high-density lipoprotein.
C) lowers high-density lipoprotein.
D) lowers low-density lipoprotein.

Question 60

Which of these conditions is positively related to light and moderate alcohol consumption?

A) decreased bone density
B) increased depression
C) decreased heart disease
D) decreased general health

Question 61

___________ suggests that people drink because they do not exercise control over their drinking.

A) Alcohol Dependency Syndrome
B) Moral Model
C) Alcohol Myopic Model
D) Social Learning Model

Question 62

Which of these terms do NOT apply to the alcohol dependency syndrome?

A) withdrawal symptoms
B) inability to abstain
C) subjective awareness of the compulsion to drink
D) impaired control

Question 63

According to social learning theory,people begin to drink because

A) alcohol has pleasurable, and immediate, effects
B) alcohol offers an escape from an unpleasant situation
C) seeing other people drinking and learning from them
D) all of the above

Question 64

The alcohol dependency syndrome

A) considers alcoholism as a medical disease.
B) assumes that alcoholics lose complete control of their drinking.
C) views alcoholism as an inherited disease.
D) assumes that different people have different patterns of drinking.

Question 65

All of the following is support for the alcohol myopia model EXCEPT:

A) intoxicated people analyze information at a superficial level
B) intoxicated people are more susceptible to distraction
C) intoxicated people recall fewer details of situations they have just experienced
D) intoxicated people focus on abstract, rather than specific, cues in the environment

Question 66

A research study that asked participants to rate themselves on a variety of traits suggests that

A) alcohol inflates a person's self-evaluation
B) alcohol deflates a person's self-evaluation
C) alcohol inflates a person's self-evaluation of other people only
D) alcohol deflates a person's self-evaluation of other people only

Question 67

The alcohol myopia view of drinking assumes that alcohol consumption leads to

A) the tendency to deflate one's accomplishments and abilities.
B) loss of control over one's drinking.
C) increased friendliness and sexiness.
D) increased aggression and hostility.

Question 68

According to E.M.Jellinek,people diagnosed as gamma alcoholics

A) have inherited their disease.
B) are unable to abstain from alcohol.
C) cannot control alcohol consumption once they begin to drink.
D) are light to moderate drinkers.

Question 69

Reviews of psychological interventions for problem drinking show

A) that brief interventions and techniques oriented toward changing motivation were most effective.
B) psychotherapeutic programs are less effective than Alcoholic Anonymous.
C) once a person is an alcoholic, that person can never return to controlled drinking.
D) that group therapy was more effective than individual therapy.

Question 70

The disease model explains why people __________ better than _________.

A) drink too much . . . why people start drinking
B) experience cognitive deficits while drinking . . . why some people can abstain from drinking
C) model the drinking behavior of others . . . why people drink too much
D) start drinking . . . the genetic contributions to alcoholism

Question 71

Martha drinks every day.Several times she has tried to quit but seems to be unable to abstain.Her pattern of drinking most closely describes Jellinek's concept of _____ alcoholism.

A) gamma
B) beta
C) alpha
D) delta

Question 72

What type of relationship has been found between drinking alcohol and anxiety or tension?

A) Most studies have found that alcohol reduces tension and anxiety.
B) Alcohol reduces anxiety but increases tension.
C) For some people alcohol increases anxiety, whereas other people experience a decrease in anxiety when they drink.
D) Physical anxiety is increased when drinking, but social anxiety decreases as a result of drinking.

Question 73

Jackson is a binge drinker.He only drinks occasionally,but when he begins drinking he has little or no ability to stop.This pattern of drinking most closely describes Jellinek's concept of _____ alcoholism.

A) gamma
B) beta
C) alpha
D) delta

Question 74

The balanced placebo design by Marlatt and his colleagues has been used to measure

A) heritability of alcohol dependence.
B) the expectancy effect of alcohol.
C) subjective awareness of people's need to drink.
D) withdrawal symptoms.

Question 75

One major criticism of this model is that fails to address why people begin to drink.

A) Disease Model
B) Tension-Reduction Model
C) Alcohol Myopic Model
D) Social Learning Model

Question 76

The concepts of coping,modeling,and negative reinforcement are important ingredients in this model of drinking.

A) tension reduction model
B) alcohol myopia model
C) alcohol dependency syndrome
D) social learning model

Question 77

As an explanation for why people drink,the tension reduction hypothesis has generally

A) not been supported.
B) been supported for both men and women.
C) been supported for men but not for women.
D) been supported for women but not for men.

Question 78

The observation that people in different cultures have different beliefs about alcohol's effects tends to support

A) the social learning model.
B) the self-awareness model.
C) the tension reduction model.
D) the alcohol myopia model.

Question 79

Which of these statements regarding Alcoholics Anonymous is true?

A) It follows a social learning model of drinking.
B) It insists on the goal of controlled drinking.
C) It insists on the goal of total abstinence.
D) It is based on the assumption that people have complete control over their drinking.

Question 80

The Alcoholics Anonymous doctrine

A) calls for complete abstinence.
B) adopts a psychological approach to quitting drinking.
C) holds that most alcoholics will eventually be cured of their problem drinking.
D) includes the notion that its members must give up tobacco products as well as alcohol.