Deck 16: Future Challenges

Question 1

Which of the following are the most documented health disparities in the United States?

A) racial and ethnic disparities
B) gender and sexual orientation disparities
C) education and income disparities
D) geographic location

Answer 1

racial and ethnic disparities

Question 2

The number of years a person lives is ________ and the number of years person lives free from disability is _________.

A) health expectancy; well-year
B) health expectancy; life expectancy
C) life expectancy; health expectancy
D) life expectancy; life-year

Answer 2

life expectancy; health expectancy

Question 3

Compared with European Americans,Asian Americans have

A) lower infant mortality rates.
B) longer life expectancy.
C) lower cardiovascular mortality.
D) all of these.

Answer 3

all of these.

Question 4

Which of these contributes MOST to health care costs in the United States?

A) AIDS
B) childhood illnesses
C) illnesses among old people
D) infectious illnesses

Question 5

Even with universal access to health care,disparities exist between wealthy and poorer individuals.One factor that may explain this discrepancy is

A) education and health literacy are higher among those with higher incomes.
B) health varies within countries, and women are healthier than men.
C) those with the lowest levels of social support are healthier than those with many social contacts.
D) all of these contribute to health disparities.

Question 6

What explains the difference between life expectancy and health expectancy?

A) economic factors
B) the changing nature of disease
C) health care costs
D) both a and b

Question 7

The trend toward chronic diseases as the most common health problem

A) will probably continue well into the 21st century.
B) will probably reverse itself within the next decade.
C) will probably be replaced by a growing problem with infectious diseases.
D) both b and c

Question 8

The people in the United States who use health care services more than any other group are

A) children.
B) adolescents.
C) young adults.
D) older people.

Question 9

______ is the ability to read and understand health information to make health-related decisions.

A) Health expectancy
B) Health literacy
C) Health disparity
D) Health communication

Question 10

The nation that leads the world in number of years of healthy life expectancy is

A) the United States.
B) Japan.
C) Germany.
D) Canada.

Question 11

The term well-year refers to

A) the life expectancy of a person at birth.
B) the number of positive health practices a person performed in a calendar year.
C) the wellness behaviors associated with preventive health care.
D) a year of life free from health-related problems.

Question 12

One barrier to the expansion of health psychology is

A) the lack of a body of knowledge associated with the field.
B) the costs associated with services provided by health psychologists.
C) the inexperience of health psychologists, especially in forming collaborative relationships.
D) the amount of research that substantiates the biomedical model.

Question 13

Which of these groups of people is LEAST served by health care in the United States?

A) Native Americans
B) well-educated African Americans
C) Cuban Americans
D) European Americans

Question 14

People with high educational levels live longer than people with low educational levels because they

A) smoke less.
B) have higher health literacy.
C) have greater access to health care.
D) have all of these factors.

Question 15

If the people of the United States can increase their span of healthy life,then they will have

A) increased their longevity.
B) reached all the major goals of Healthy People 2020.
C) increased their number of well-years.
D) accomplished all of these.

Question 16

Which group of U.S.citizens has the longest life expectancy?

A) European Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) African Americans
D) Hispanic Americans

Question 17

If life expectancy continues to increase,

A) the number of well-years will decrease.
B) the number of people dying of a chronic illness will increase.
C) the role of health psychology will diminish.
D) more people will die of acute illnesses.

Question 18

Health psychologists can help the health care system by

A) improving people's understanding of genetic risk information
B) understand people's emotional responses to genetic testing
C) encourage people to maintain a healthy lifestyle
D) all of the above

Question 19

During the past 35 years,people in the United States have

A) decreased their rate of obesity.
B) decreased their rate of cardiovascular disease.
C) decreased their use of seatbelts.
D) increased their rate of unintentional injuries.

Question 20

At age 65,women in the United States can expect to live another 16 years.Of those 16 years,they can expect that about _____ will be free of disability.

A) 15
B) 9
C) 5
D) 3

Question 21

The experience of dating and sexual violence

A) occurs among college students, just as frequently as among other couples.
B) occurs only about half as often among couples that are college students compared to others.
C) occurs about twice as often among couples that are college students.
D) occurs more often when only one member of the couples is a college student.

Question 22

Deaths among college students are traceable to

A) high cholesterol levels that produce heart disease.
B) high smoking rates that cause cancer.
C) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries.
D) suicide.

Question 23

College students are more likely than their peers to ______________.

A) smoke cigarettes
B) drive after drinking
C) use cell phones while driving
D) both c and d

Question 24

One protective health habit that is more common among college students than other young adults is

A) not smoking.
B) not drinking alcohol.
C) eating a high-carbohydrate diet.
D) maintaining a high level of physical activity.

Question 25

Which of these countries has the highest per capita health care expenditures?

A) The United States
B) Great Britain
C) Canada
D) Germany

Question 26

Most college students rate their health as good to excellent; that perception

A) is accurate-individuals in this age group have low morbidity and mortality.
B) is accurate for college women but not for college men, who experience poorer health.
C) is not accurate-individuals in this age group experience more health problems than older adults.
D) is true only for college student who do not drink alcohol.

Question 27

The crisis in the U.S.health care system may be summarized as

A) too many people require treatment, and there are too few health care professionals.
B) the health care system has not responded to meet the needs created by changing patterns of illness during the 20th century.
C) patients have become reliant on drugs and surgery and are reluctant to change their behaviors to achieve better health.
D) lawmakers do not understand the problems faced by the health care system, and the resulting laws that control health care expenditures restrain competition and actually increase costs.

Question 28

In the United States,wealthy people have more well-years than poor people,but they do not live longer than poor people.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to the high cost of health care?

A) the increase of technology in medicine
B) the high number of physicians who are specialists
C) the decrease in average length of hospital stays
D) hospitals that are profit oriented

Question 30

One dangerous health habit that is more common among college students than other young adults is

A) smoking cigarettes.
B) binge drinking.
C) eating a low-carbohydrate diet.
D) leading a sedentary lifestyle.

Question 31

The most important health behavior you could adopt is

A) maintaining a healthy weight
B) drinking alcohol in moderation
C) refraining from smoking
D) sleeping 7 to 8 hours a night

Question 32

The greatest challenge facing the health care system in the United States is

A) too many physicians.
B) pressure from drug companies to lower costs.
C) escalating costs.
D) the growing attitude of consumerism among patients.

Question 33

Driving after drinking alcohol

A) is not as common among college students as young adults who do not attend college.
B) is more common among college students than young adults who do not attend college.
C) is a common practice of college students in many countries.
D) both b and c.

Question 34

An important recommendation from the Alameda County study emphasizes _______,which may allow individuals to cope better with stressful situations.

A) social support
B) drinking
C) exercise
D) both a and c

Question 35

The escalating costs that plague the United States' health care system

A) have stabilized in the past five years but still represent a problem.
B) are unique to the United States and Canada and do not affect other countries around the world.
C) are larger problems in European countries than in the United States.
D) are more serious in the United States but affect all industrialized countries.

Question 36

Of the young people who are injured or who die unintentionally,_____________ the most frequent cause.

A) suicide is
B) homicide is
C) automobile crashes are
D) drowning is

Question 37

Over ____ of young adults engage in binge drinking.

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 60%

Question 38

Becoming a victim of violence

A) is more common for college students than for other young adults.
B) is more common for college women than other young women but occurs at the same rate for college men and other young men.
C) is less common on college campuses than in other communities.
D) has nothing to do with college enrollment.

Question 39

College students can increase their health literacy by

A) gathering health information from the Internet.
B) listening to family and friends' recommendations.
C) evaluating the findings from health research.
D) visiting their physician more often.

Question 40

Health research that provides guidelines for a healthy lifestyle comes from

A) the Alameda County Study.
B) TV news reports.
C) the HART trials.
D) the Cunningham study.

Question 41

The United States leads the world in number of years of healthy life expectancy.

Question 42

What factors have affected (and will continue to affect)the growth of health psychology?

Question 43

The United States has the highest per capita health care expenditure in the world.

Question 44

On average,Native Americans live longer than European Americans.

Question 45

Discuss the obstacles to and advantages of achieving the two broad goals from the Healthy People 2020 report.

Question 46

African Americans have a longer life expectancy than European Americans.

Question 47

Contrast life expectancy with health expectancy.What are the implications of the difference?

Question 48

College students are less likely to smoke cigarettes but more likely to binge drink than other young adults.

Question 49

Hispanic Americans have a lower death rate than European Americans.

Question 50

Secondary prevention consists of screening people at risk for a disease in order to discover potential health-related problems.