Deck 2: Individual Behavior, Personality, and Values

Question 1

Managers who conduct performance appraisals need to

A)accurately identify the behaviour and results indicative of good performance
B)be subjective
C)rely on their memory to recall employee behaviour
D)use quantitative measures only
E)provide feedback to the employee on a yearly basis

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is fundamental attribution bias?

A)The tendency to emphasize personal characteristics
B)The tendency to emphasize situational characteristics
C)The tendency to ignore failures
D)The tendency to take personal responsibility for successes
E)The tendency to consider events immediately before any observed behaviours

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to experts, implicit cognition can be reduced by:

A)training managers on interview techniques
B)using structured as opposed to unstructured interviews
C)training managers on interview techniques and using a structured interview process
D)allowing managers to use unstructured interviews
E)considering first impressions of the applicant

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Individuals interpret events differently.The reasons for the different interpretations may be due to

A)people possess different information
B)our moods and emotions
C)recent experiences
D)individual differences
E)all answers are correct

Question 5

The students compared their current professors when completing the evaluation of teaching surveys.This is an example of:

A)halo effect
B)leniency effect
C)central tendency effect
D)recency effect
E)contrast effect

Question 6

Which of the following is not a stage of social perception?

A)cognition
B)selective attention/comprehension
C)encoding and simplification
D)storage and retention
E)retrieval and response

Question 7

What does central tendency effect refer to?

A)the tendency to judge people harshly
B)the tendency to avoid all extreme judgments
C)the tendency to not judge people
D)the tendency to rely on first impressions
E)the tendency to form an overall impression

Question 8

The CEO allowed each executive team member to defend his or her department budgetary allocation that would result in a financial loss.This is an example of which negatively perceived leadership behaviour?

A)getting the team to work as individuals
B)letting group members make decisions
C)maintaining performance standards
D)assigning specific tasks

Question 9

Common forms of stereotypes include:

A)sex-role
B)age
C)racial
D)ethnic
E)all answers indicate a common form of stereotype

Question 10

"I am very hungry." Which salient stimuli would the speaker most likely pay attention to?

A)a gas station sign
B)a fast food restaurant
C)a bank
D)a person walking their dog
E)a shopping mall

Question 11

Which of the following statements most accurately defines "social cognition?"

A)the study of people and objects
B)the process of interpreting one's environment
C)the study of how people perceive each other
D)a four-stage sequence
E)being consciously aware of someone

Question 12

Helen is working by herself at a shoe store as her two colleagues are at home sick.Her supervisor comments on the messy displays and poor customer service, ignoring that the store is short staffed.This is an example of:

A)stereotypes
B)perception
C)bullying
D)workplace aggression
E)fundamental attribution bias

Question 13

A key managerial challenge is

A)reduce sex-role stereotypes
B)to treat employees fairly
C)use knowledge of perceptual process to help them interact more effectively with employees
D)to reduce the extent to which stereotypes influence decision making and interpersonal processes throughout the organization
E)to use mixed-group contact to reduce stereotyping

Question 14

Attribution models can be used by managers to

A)manage biases
B)manage underlying behaviour
C)explain how to handle poorly performing employees
D)explain the causes of one's successes and externalize the causes of one's failures
E)explain the transfer of employees whose poor performance was attributed to lack of ability

Question 15

In the social perception model, what is the third stage of social perception?

A)storage and retention
B)retrieval and response
C)encoding and simplification
D)comprehension
E)decisions

Question 16

Perception is the process of interpreting one's environment.

Question 17

Perception involves a 3-stage sequence of information processing.

Question 18

A student arrived 30 minutes late for an exam.The professor gave the student the full time for the exam even though the student admitted she was late as she stopped for a coffee.This is an example of:

A)halo effect
B)leniency effect
C)central tendency effect
D)recency effect
E)contrast effect

Question 19

Jane considers her job success to be due to her hard work, her in-depth knowledge, and her understanding of the job.At times of job failures, Jane believes she was not supported by her peers and did not receive all the information required for success.This is an example of

A)fundamental attribution bias
B)self-serving bias
C)distinctiveness
D)consistency
E)consensus

Question 20

Implicit cognition represents an automatic response from memory and is a conscious decision.

Question 21

The employees of the organization considered Kevin a good leader.Therefore, Kevin had a greater effect when trying to influence the employees.

Question 22

Stage two of the four-stage perception sequence is encoding and simplification.

Question 23

Fundamental attribution bias is an individual's tendency to attribute behaviours to situational factors.

Question 24

Explain how the six managerial activities are affected by perception.Include in your answer what the six activities are, and how managers can reduce the effect of perception on each activity.

Question 25

People formulate causal attributions.Part 1 - Explain how people formulate attributions.Part 2 - Explain the three dimensions of behavior that influence attributions.

Question 26

Stage three of the four-stage perception sequence involves the storage of information in short-term memory.

Question 27

Why is it important for all employees, both staff and managers, to have an understanding of perceptual errors?

Question 28

The belief that accountants are good at mathematics is a stereotype.

Question 29

Employees' evaluation of their supervisor's leadership is based on their individual schemata of good or poor leaders.