Deck 2: Biological Beginnings

Question 1

Except for the sperm and the egg,all cells in the human body have ______ chromosomes.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 23
D) 46

Answer 1

23

Question 2

River has a round face,a flattened skull,an extra fold of skin over her eyelids,a protruding tongue,short limbs,and retardation of motor and mental abilities.She is likely to have been born with

A) Fragile X syndrome.
B) Klinefelter disease.
C) Down syndrome.
D) XYY syndrome.

Answer 2

Down syndrome.

Question 3

It is virtually impossible to locate the genetic factors involved in most psychological characteristics because of the concept of

A) polygenic dominance.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) polygenic influence.
D) polygenic counseling.

Answer 3

polygenic inheritance.

Question 4

Jason is tall and has undeveloped testes and developed large breasts.What sex-linked disorder does he have?

A) Fragile X syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Turner syndrome

Question 5

A recessive gene can only assert itself when

A) both genes in a pair are recessive.
B) it is a stronger gene.
C) the environment is right.
D) there is an interaction between nature and nurture.

Question 6

Meiosis is the process by which a cell divides and then divides again,leaving

A) four cells with 23 unpaired chromosomes.
B) three cells with 23 unpaired chromosomes.
C) six cells with 16 paired chromosomes.
D) four cells with 16 paired chromosomes.

Question 7

In 1981 Steven Jay Gould concluded that in most domains of human functioning,biology allows a broad range of ________ possibilities.

A) human
B) creative
C) many
D) cultural

Question 8

Women have a ________ chromosome pairing,and men have a ________ chromosome pairing.

A) XX; XY
B) XY; XX
C) YY; XX
D) XX; YY

Question 9

The study of human evolution was put forth by

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Charles Darwin.
C) Stephen Hawking.
D) Wilhelm Wundt.

Question 10

Pat's 23rd chromosome pair contains an X chromosome and a Y chromosome.This indicates that Pat

A) has Down syndrome.
B) is male.
C) likely had a mother who used drugs and/or alcohol during her pregnancy.
D) may develop PKU if his/her diet is not carefully monitored.

Question 11

Chromosome abnormalities occur when

A) whole chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis.
B) harmful genes are inherited.
C) two of these.
D) none of these.

Question 12

When it comes to the inheritance of an X-linked disease,which group has the best chance for inheritance?

A) females
B) males
C) Euro-Americans
D) African Americans

Question 13

According to evolutionary theory,there is a specific reason that certain animals live in the regions that they do.Polar bears,for instance,are found only in the Arctic regions of the world.An evolutionary theorist would say that the polar bear was best adapted for this type of environment,unlike a grizzly bear,who would freeze to death.In this case,the polar bear is a good example of

A) how to keep warm.
B) adaptive coloration.
C) natural selection.
D) the idea that all creatures have their own niche.

Question 14

Fragile X syndrome is usually characterized by some sort of mental deficiency.This deficiency could include having

A) mental retardation.
B) a short attention span.
C) a learning disability.
D) all of these.

Question 15

Evolutionary developmental psychology suggests that the way in which people develop is

A) adaptive.
B) maladaptive.
C) random and based on chance.
D) based on their particular genetics.

Question 16

With what sex-linked syndrome does a man have an extra X chromosome?

A) Down syndrome
B) Fragile X syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Turner syndrome

Question 17

As a criticism of evolutionary psychology,Albert Bandura proposed a

A) directional view.
B) bidirectional view.
C) unidirectional view.
D) quasi-directional view.

Question 18

A phenotype can consist of ________ as well as ________ characteristics.

A) physical; environmental
B) conscious; unconscious
C) genetic; social
D) physical; psychological

Question 19

The units of hereditary information that are comprised of short segments of DNA.

A) RNA
B) chromosomes
C) genes
D) genome

Question 20

After fertilization of the egg by a sperm,a single cell is created that is known as a(n)

A) fetus.
B) zygote.
C) amoeba.
D) embryo.

Question 21

The current view that people may have a propensity for developing many complex behaviors is known as

A) epigenetics.
B) biobehaviorism.
C) biodevelopment.
D) genetic loading.

Question 22

David and Kelly are seeking help for infertility problems.Under their physician's guidance,they decide to undergo a procedure in which one of Kelly's eggs is combined in a laboratory dish with her husband's sperm.What procedure is this?

A) gamete transfer
B) intracytoplasmic sperm injection
C) zygote intrafallopian transfer
D) in vitro fertilization

Question 23

Sandra excels in reading and spelling but struggles with mathematics.She is shorter than her peers and was born without ovaries.Sandra most likely has

A) Turner syndrome.
B) Fragile X syndrome.
C) Klinefelter syndrome.
D) XXO syndrome.

Question 24

Maternal blood screening identifies pregnancies that have an elevated risk for birth defects such as

A) Down syndrome.
B) spina bifida.
C) both Down syndrome and spina bifida.
D) neither Down syndrome nor spina bifida.

Question 25

This is a prenatal medical procedure where a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn by syringe and tested for chromosome or metabolic disorders.

A) chorionic villi sampling
B) triple screen
C) amniocentesis
D) ultrasound sonography

Question 26

This is a prenatal medical procedure where high-frequency sound waves are directed into the women's abdomen.

A) chronic villi sampling
B) triple screen
C) amniocentesis
D) ultrasound sonography

Question 27

Emanuel is a 25-year-old African American.He constantly feels tired because of an abnormality in his blood.Emanuel has

A) hemophilia.
B) sickle-cell anemia.
C) thrombocytopenia.
D) agranulocytosis.

Question 28

Which view,proposed by Gilbert Gottlieb,suggests that development is an ongoing bidirectional interaction between heredity and the environment?

A) epigenetic
B) biosocial
C) sociogenetic
D) epidemiographic

Question 29

Jessica is a very attractive teenager with beautiful brown eyes and high cheekbones.She is constantly receiving compliments about her looks and being asked out on dates.Her genes have influenced her environment in the following manner:

A) There is passive genotype-environment interaction between her genes and her environment.
B) There is evocative genotype-environment interaction between her genes and her environment.
C) There is an influential genotype-environment interaction between her genes and her environment.
D) There is an active (niche-picking)genotype-environment interaction between her genes and her environment.

Question 30

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding heredity-environment interaction?

A) The relative contributions of heredity and of environment are additive.
B) Genetic loading and complex environments combine in development.
C) Full genetic expression happens once,around conception or at birth.
D) Genes produce proteins over life in only a few certain environments.

Question 31

Mateo is on a strict diet because his parents are aware that he cannot metabolize a certain amino acid.Buildup of this amino acid in his system could result in mental retardation.Mateo has

A) Down syndrome.
B) Phenylketonuria (PKU).
C) Sickle-cell anemia.
D) Huntington disease.

Question 32

In this genetic disorder,the body's red blood cells take on a hook shape instead of the normal round shape.

A) hemophilia
B) sickle-cell anemia
C) thrombocytopenia
D) agranulocytosis

Question 33

People seek out environments that are consistent with their genetic makeup.For example,outgoing children may join the drama club or speech/debate team.This is an example of a(n)

A) passive genotype-environment interaction.
B) evocative genotype-environment interaction.
C) influential genotype-environment interaction
D) active (niche-picking)genotype-environment interaction.

Question 34

Sheila is pregnant and has a family history of spina bifida.Which test would be used to determine whether her fetus has this defect?

A) ultrasound
B) in vitro fertilization test
C) chorionic villi sampling
D) maternal blood screening

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation for infertility in a woman?

A) abnormal ova
B) blocked fallopian tubes
C) alcohol use
D) disease

Question 36

Rachel has always enjoyed reading.Now that she is a parent,she provides her daughter with many books to read,hoping the child also will learn to enjoy reading.How do behavior geneticists refer to this type of interaction between heredity and environment?

A) passive genotype-environment interaction
B) evocative genotype-environment interaction
C) influential genotype-environment interaction
D) active (niche-picking)genotype-environment interaction

Question 37

The germinal period of development takes place in the ________ after conception.

A) first 2 weeks
B) first week
C) 3 days
D) first week and a half

Question 38

While Sally's mother was pregnant with her,she smoked and drank alcohol,which adversely affected Sally's lung development.After Sally was born,she was placed into an environment with two parents who smoked.As Sally continued to develop,she was diagnosed with asthma,a breathing disorder.The development of this disorder could be explained by the concept of

A) the biomedical model.
B) the biopsychosocial model.
C) the epigenetic view.
D) the medicopsychological theory.

Question 39

Phenylketonuria (PKU)is a disorder that results in the inability to metabolize ________,which is an amino acid.

A) ketonuria
B) phenylalanine
C) phenamoxide
D) ketonalanine

Question 40

Using a twin study,Professor Jones has just found that identical twins were more likely both to develop a conduct disorder than were fraternal twins.He has decided to announce to the world that,clearly,conduct disorder is determined by one's genes.His colleagues suggested,however,that he use caution when interpreting these findings because

A) the environments of identical twins may be more similar than the environments of fraternal twins.
B) parents and other adults may stress the differences between identical twins more than those of fraternal twins.
C) identical twins may be less likely to play with each other than are fraternal twins.
D) identical twins may have a secret language.

Question 41

A group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and offspring intertwine but do not connect is the

A) amnion.
B) placenta.
C) embryo.
D) umbilical cord.

Question 42

Implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall occurs at about ________ days after conception.

A) 2 to 6
B) 8 to 12
C) 10 to 14
D) 12 to 16

Question 43

Which of the following is the period of development that occurs 2 to 8 weeks after conception?

A) embryonic
B) fetal
C) placental
D) metastatic

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a psychoactive drug?

A) It is always addictive.
B) It can change moods.
C) It can alter states of consciousness.
D) It always exerts its effects via the nervous system.

Question 45

Juanita is having a normal pregnancy,and everything is developing well.She has,however,recently picked up an infection,and bacteria have accumulated in her bloodstream.We know that most likely:

A) many of these bacteria will be passed on to her fetus.
B) the bacteria will be eliminated inside of the amniotic fluid..
C) the bacteria will latch on to the ectoderm layer in the fetus.
D) the bacteria cannot cross the placenta to reach the fetus.

Question 46

Approximately 1 week after conception,the developing organism is called a(n)

A) trophoblast.
B) blastocyst.
C) endoblast.
D) cytocyst.

Question 47

The earliest point at which a fetus can have a chance to survive outside the womb is after

A) the second trimester.
B) the first trimester.
C) the third trimester.
D) birth.

Question 48

The outermost layer of the embryo,which becomes the nervous system,sensory receptors,and skin,is called the

A) mesoderm.
B) cytoderm.
C) endoderm.
D) ectoderm.

Question 49

Sylvia has severe cystic acne and is taking Accutane,a drug prescribed by her doctor.She has just discovered that she is pregnant.Her doctor told her that she should:

A) continue to take Accutane for her acne until she is 4 months pregnant.
B) stop taking Accutane immediately.
C) continue to take Accutane but be sure to come to her prenatal appointments for regular monitoring of the development of her baby.
D) stop taking Accutane right now,and resume taking it when she is 7 months pregnant.

Question 50

Most of the most important developments occur within the first ________ weeks after conception,often before the woman knows that she is pregnant.

A) 7
B) 8
C) 10
D) 9

Question 51

The structure that contains clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is called the

A) amnion.
B) placenta.
C) embryo.
D) umbilical cord.

Question 52

A teratogen is any agent that can cause

A) early birth.
B) birth defects.
C) fetal movement.
D) maternal discomfort.

Question 53

By the end of the fifth month,the fetus weighs approximately ________ ounces.

A) 3
B) 6
C) 12
D) 24

Question 54

Marta recently went to see her doctor and learned that her unborn child was not receiving enough oxygen or nutrients from her.She was informed that there was a problem with the

A) placenta.
B) embryo.
C) umbilical cord.
D) amnion.

Question 55

At birth,the average American baby weighs ________ pounds and is approximately ________ inches long.

A) 7½ pounds; 20 inches
B) 6½ pounds; 18 inches
C) 5½ pounds; 15 inches
D) 8½ pounds; 22 inches

Question 56

The fetal period begins ________ months after conception and lasts until birth.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 2
D) 3

Question 57

During which period of development is the unborn baby MOST AT RISK of developing a structural defect because of the effects of a teratogen?

A) at conception
B) during the germinal period
C) during the embryonic period
D) during the fetal period

Question 58

When baby Juan was born,he had problems with his sensory systems.There were noticeable defects in his eyes,ears,and nose.Most likely,Juan's problems came from defects in the formation of the

A) ectoderm.
B) endoderm.
C) mesoderm.
D) trophoblast.

Question 59

The period of development that includes the creation of the zygote,attachment to the uterine wall,and the continued cell division is known as the ________ period.

A) gamete
B) cytocyst
C) blastocyst
D) germinal

Question 60

Sidney is expecting her first child.She has just recently begun to feel kicking movements.Sidney is most likely in the ________ month of her pregnancy.

A) second
B) fourth
C) sixth
D) seventh

Question 61

Jasmine and her fetus are Rh incompatible.This means that

A) the fetus will need a blood transfusion immediately after birth.
B) the fetus's immune system will attack the mother's blood during the fetal stage.
C) Jasmine has type A blood,while her fetus has type B blood.
D) Jasmine may produce antibodies that will attack the fetus.

Question 62

Angelo is 5 years old and has a poor attention span.He often fidgets and is impulsive.It is possible that Angelo's mother used _______ when pregnant.

A) nicotine
B) cocaine
C) caffeine
D) marijuana

Question 63

Which of the following is more likely to occur in the child of a woman who smokes?

A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
B) mental retardation
C) autism spectrum disorder
D) reactive attachment disorder

Question 64

Manuel was adopted at birth.His adoptive parents notice that Manuel cries all the time.His body often shakes,and he reacts slowly to the things around him.They suspect that Manuel's mother was using _______ when pregnant with him.

A) heroin
B) caffeine
C) alcohol
D) marijuana

Question 65

Carmella,a Latina woman,is pregnant and is getting prenatal care from her doctor.If the doctor is culturally sensitive,she will include Carmella's _______ in the treatment.

A) mother
B) father
C) husband
D) cousin

Question 66

Syphilis is different from rubella in that syphilis

A) attacks only the nervous system.
B) does not affect organogenesis.
C) mainly scars the circulatory system.
D) affects organogenesis.

Question 67

Yan Yan is 17,a moderate drinker,and pregnant.Research would suggest that her child may:

A) be more likely to be born preterm.
B) be born full term with no difficulties.
C) develop fetal alcohol syndrome.
D) develop a tolerance for alcohol.

Question 68

________ drugs act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness,modify perceptions,and change moods.

A) Psychotropic
B) Psychiatric
C) Psychologic
D) Psychoactive

Question 69

Sequoia is pregnant and drinks heavily 3 to 4 days a week.Her unborn child is at a high risk for developing

A) embryonic poisoning.
B) fetal alcohol syndrome.
C) infantile amnesia.
D) sudden infant death syndrome.

Question 70

Alissa is 30 pounds overweight and just learned that she is pregnant.Her fetus runs the risk of

A) low birth weight.
B) anemia.
C) prematurity.
D) death.

Question 71

Which of the following disorders is LEAST likely to happen to a baby who's mother is 16 to 34 years old?

A) Bell's palsy
B) Down syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Turner syndrome

Question 72

Koko has decided to continue smoking while pregnant.She is placing her baby at risk for all of the following,EXCEPT

A) sudden infant death syndrome.
B) respiratory problems.
C) low birthweight.
D) mild mental retardation.

Question 73

Research suggests that mothers who drink small (under 150 milligrams)to moderate (around 300 milligrams)of caffeine a day increase their risk of

A) nothing; this amount of caffeine is safe.
B) having a spontaneous abortion.
C) having a stillborn baby.
D) having a baby that later dies of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Question 74

One of the paternal risks associated with birth defects and cancer is how much _______ the father takes before conception.

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin E

Question 75

All of the following are alternative possible contributors to problems found in the children of cocaine users,EXCEPT:

A) marijuana use.
B) poverty.
C) alcohol use.
D) mental illness.

Question 76

The Food and Drug Administration recommends the following:

A) Pregnant women should consume no caffeine or consume it sparingly.
B) Exposure of the mother to secondhand smoke will not harm the fetus.
C) Pregnant women can safely drink one glass of wine or beer per day.
D) Cocaine used in the last months of pregnancy will not harm the fetus.

Question 77

Maternal stress is negatively correlated with a baby's

A) intelligence.
B) oxygen.
C) heart rate.
D) growth rate.

Question 78

Mara is pregnant,and she recently watched a news program about the negative effects of mercury on a fetus.To alleviate her fears about mercury poisoning,Mara should limit eating:

A) beef.
B) pork.
C) fish.
D) chicken.

Question 79

About ________ of all children who are born through the birth canal of a mother with active genital herpes die.

A) one-third
B) one-half
C) one-eighth
D) one-tenth

Question 80

Research suggests that mothers who drink more than 300 milligrams of caffeine a day increase their unborn baby's risk of

A) fetal death.
B) being born with missing limbs.
C) having learning disabilities later in life.
D) dying of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).