Deck 3: Prenatal Development

Question 1

Which of the following structures of an embryo are derived from the endoderm?

A)Hair,skin,and nails
B)Muscles and bones
C)Digestive and respiratory systems
D)Nervous system

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The endoderm,ectoderm,and mesoderm form during the _____ period.

A)fetal
B)zygotic
C)germinal
D)embryonic

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The zygote attaches to the uterine wall during the _____ period.

A)germinal
B)embryonic
C)fetal
D)blastoderm

Answer 3

A

Question 4

During which prenatal period are the placenta and the umbilical cord formed?

A)Zygotic
B)Germinal
C)Embryonic
D)Fetal

Question 5

Which of the following structures of an embryo are derived from the ectoderm?

A)Nervous system and brain
B)Muscles and bones
C)Digestive and respiratory systems
D)Circulatory system

Question 6

Juan was born with defective vision and diminished auditory abilities.Most likely,Juan's problems came from defects in the formation of the

A)ectoderm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)trophoderm.

Question 7

The germinal period is approximately _____ long.

A)one month
B)two weeks
C)one week
D)two months

Question 8

During implantation,the zygote attaches to the wall of the

A)ovaries.
B)vagina.
C)uterus.
D)fallopian tubes.

Question 9

When a blood test was performed on Cindy's fetus,the doctors found some of Cindy's red blood cells in the fetus's circulatory system.We know that this

A)is normal because the mother is the source of red blood cells for the fetus.
B)is normal because the mother's red blood cells are a source of oxygen for the fetus.
C)indicates a problem with the placenta,which should block the mother's red blood cells.
D)indicates a problem with the amnion,which should eliminate the mother's red blood cells.

Question 10

Which of the following terms refers to an outer layer of cells that develops during the germinal period and later provides nutrition and support for the embryo?

A)Ectoderm
B)Endoderm
C)Blastocyst
D)Trophoblast

Question 11

The circulatory system develops from the

A)ectoderm.
B)mesoderm.
C)endoderm.
D)trophoderm.

Question 12

A fertilized egg is also known as a(n)

A)fetus.
B)zygote.
C)embryo.
D)blastocyst.

Question 13

The _____ consists of a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join.

A)umbilical cord
B)amnion
C)placenta
D)endoderm

Question 14

Yolanda's doctor told her that her baby might be born with problems in her respiratory and digestive systems.According to the doctor,there was a problem in the formation of the

A)ectoderm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)trophoderm.

Question 15

Implantation takes place about _____ after conception.

A)10 to 14 days
B)20 days
C)25 to 30 days
D)40 days

Question 16

Harry was born with defects in the excretory system and the reproductive system.Most likely,Harry's problems came from defects in the formation of the

A)ectoderm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)trophoderm.

Question 17

The embryonic period lasts from ________ weeks after conception.

A)ten to sixteen
B)two to eight
C)eight to ten
D)zero to two

Question 18

A(n)_____ later develops into an embryo.

A)placenta
B)ectoderm
C)trophoblast
D)blastocyst

Question 19

The germinal period includes

A)formation of the amnion.
B)formation of the placenta.
C)creation of the zygote.
D)creation of the organs.

Question 20

Fertilization usually occurs in the

A)ovary.
B)uterus.
C)vagina.
D)fallopian tube.

Question 21

Tamika says that she is currently in the longest period of her pregnancy.Tamika's pregrenancy is in the _____ period.

A)germinal
B)embryonic
C)fetal
D)zygotic

Question 22

A mother can feel arm and leg movements of her unborn child for the first time during the _____ period.

A)zygotic
B)germinal
C)embryonic
D)fetal

Question 23

Which of the following occurs during the embryonic period of prenatal development?

A)A growth spurt occurs in the body's lower parts.
B)The life-support systems for the embryo develop.
C)All the major reflexes appear.
D)The mother can feel arm and leg movements.

Question 24

Irregular breathing movements begin occurring in the fetus by the end of the _____ month.

A)third
B)fourth
C)fifth
D)sixth

Question 25

When do the germinal and embryonic periods occur?

A)First trimester
B)First and second trimesters respectively
C)Second trimester
D)Second and third trimesters respectively

Question 26

The baglike structure that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is called the

A)placenta.
B)fallopian tube.
C)amnion.
D)uterus.

Question 27

Which of the following is least likely to pass through the placental wall?

A)Carbon dioxide
B)Water
C)Salt
D)Hormones

Question 28

The fetal period ends

A)at the end of the first trimester.
B)when implantation is complete.
C)at the end of the third trimester.
D)when the heart begins to beat.

Question 29

Neurogenesis begins to take place at about the _____ week.

A)fifth prenatal
B)tenth prenatal
C)fifteenth prenatal
D)twenty-second prenatal

Question 30

The neural tube eventually becomes the

A)spinal cord.
B)optic nerve.
C)umbilical vein.
D)placenta.

Question 31

Which of the following is most likely to pass through the placental wall?

A)Carbon dioxide
B)Most bacteria
C)Red blood cells
D)Hormones

Question 32

Which of the following makes up the largest portion of weight gain during pregnancy?

A)Tissue fluid
B)Increased blood volume
C)Uterus and breasts
D)Fetus,placenta,and amniotic fluid

Question 33

Which of the following events in fetal growth occurs during the last two months of pregnancy?

A)The heartbeat begins.
B)Irregular breathing begins.
C)Organogenesis occurs.
D)Fatty tissues develop.

Question 34

Juanita is having a normal pregnancy and the fetus is developing well.However,she has recently picked up an infection and bacteria have accumulated in her blood stream.We know that,most likely

A)many of these bacteria will be able to enter the fetus's circulation.
B)the bacteria will be eliminated by the white blood cells of the fetus.
C)the bacteria will be eliminated by the antimicrobicidal secretions of the amnion.
D)the placental wall will block the bacteria from entering the fetus.

Question 35

The doctor has told Sheryl and Jason that their unborn baby is having problems because of significant changes in the temperature around the fetus.The most likely explanation for this problem is that the _____ has failed to perform its protective function.

A)uterus
B)amniotic fluid
C)placenta
D)trophoblast

Question 36

_____ is the name given to the process of organ formation during the first two months of prenatal development.

A)Mitosis
B)Organogenesis
C)Fertilization
D)Implantation

Question 37

Expectant mothers who gain more than the recommended amount of weight during their pregnancy are at risk for all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Hypertension
B)Diabetes
C)Infections
D)Cancer

Question 38

Viability (the chances of surviving outside the womb)occurs

A)at the very end of the third trimester.
B)toward the middle of the second trimester.
C)at the very end of the second trimester.
D)toward the middle of the third trimester.

Question 39

_____ occurs when the head end of the neural tube fails to close.

A)Megalencephaly
B)Anencephaly
C)Rachischisis
D)Spina bifida

Question 40

Which of the following happens toward the end of a baby's development in the womb?

A)Irregular breathing movements occur.
B)The grasping reflex develops.
C)Fetal movements are felt by the mother.
D)The fetus gains most of its weight.

Question 41

Which of the following exercises is NOT recommended for women in the latter part of their pregnancies?

A)Bicycling
B)Swimming
C)Jogging
D)Walking

Question 42

Infants who are born to mothers who gain more than the recommended weight during pregnancy are at risk for all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Neural tube defects
B)Preterm birth
C)Type-2 diabetes
D)Cleft palate

Question 43

Exposure to teratogens during the fetal period will most likely

A)cause spinal defects.
B)lead to faulty organ functioning.
C)result in miscarriage.
D)affect implantation of the zygote.

Question 44

Now that Chloe is pregnant,she will have to increase several nutrients over the recommended daily allowance (RDA)for nonpregnant women.Which of the following nutrients should have the largest percentage increase?

A)Vitamin A
B)Riboflavin
C)Iron
D)Calcium

Question 45

Which of the following activities should be avoided during pregnancy?

A)Cycling
B)Downhill snow skiing
C)Swimming
D)Walking

Question 46

Benefits from doing water aerobics while pregnant include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Reduced back pain
B)Decreased depression
C)Decreased anxiety
D)Decreased appetite

Question 47

Which of the following exercises is recommended the least for the latter part of pregnancy?

A)Bicycling
B)Walking
C)Swimming
D)Jogging

Question 48

The probability of a structural defect is greatest _____ when organs are being formed.

A)at the end of the fetal period
B)early in the germinal period
C)early in the embryonic period
D)at the time of implantation

Question 49

Early prenatal classes often discuss

A)preparations for the birth.
B)infant care issues.
C)postpartum self-care.
D)sexuality during pregnancy.

Question 50

A pregnant mother who takes high doses of aspirin during pregnancy is at risk for

A)maternal and fetal bleeding.
B)type 2 diabetes.
C)cognitive impairment.
D)low birth weight.

Question 51

What is the recommended weight gain for mothers who are obese prior to getting pregnant?

A)5-10 pounds
B)11-20 pounds
C)21-30 pounds
D)31-40 pounds

Question 52

Any agent that can potentially cause a physical birth defect is known as a

A)mutagen.
B)pyrogen.
C)zymogen.
D)teratogen.

Question 53

The most common birth defect associated with women who took thalidomide during pregnancy was

A)emotional disturbances in the child.
B)physical deformities of the limbs.
C)cognitive abnormalities.
D)preterm births.

Question 54

Now that Denise is pregnant,she needs to increase her daily vitamin intake.The intake of which of the following vitamins should be increased the most?

A)Vitamin C
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin A

Question 55

Consuming large amounts of caffeine while pregnant was linked in a recent study to

A)infants born at a low birth weight or who were small for the gestional age.
B)increased chance of developing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
C)reduced social functiong.
D)emotional disturbances in adolescence.

Question 56

The word teratogen comes from the Greek word tera,which means

A)poison.
B)monster.
C)defect.
D)sorrow.

Question 57

After _____ is complete,teratogens can no longer cause anatomical defects.

A)morphogenesis
B)organogenesis
C)histogenesis
D)embryogenesis

Question 58

During the second or third trimester of pregnancy,prenatal classes focus on

A)preparing for the birth.
B)development of the embryo and fetus.
C)sexuality during pregnancy.
D)nutrition,rest,and exercise.

Question 59

Which of the following is TRUE regarding teratogens?

A)Teratogens cause anatomical defects after organogenesis is complete.
B)A fetus is most vulnurable to teratogens during the fetal period.
C)Practically every fetus is exposed to at least some teratogens.
D)Potential effects of most teratogens become apparent at birth.

Question 60

If Jennifer wants to reduce the risk of having a baby with a birth defect caused by an environmental substance like drugs or alcohol,she should try her best to avoid these substances during

A)conception.
B)gametogenesis.
C)the fetal period.
D)the embryonic period.

Question 61

Which drug is used to try to minimize or counter the effects of heroin on prenatal development?

A)Methodone
B)Caffeine
C)Alcohol
D)Oxytocin

Question 62

Jamie was born with facial deformities and defects of the limbs,face,and heart.Jamie is also below average in intelligence.Jamie's mother most likely consumed _____ during pregnancy.

A)alcohol
B)caffeine
C)heroin
D)nicotine

Question 63

Cigarette smoking by pregnant women has been associated with a higher incidence of

A)spontaneous abortion.
B)facial deformities.
C)defective newborn reflexes.
D)sudden infant death syndrome.

Question 64

Gina is pregnant and is a heavy smoker.Her baby is more likely to experience _____ than the baby of a nonsmoker.

A)facial and limb deformities
B)sudden infant death syndrome
C)anatomical defects of the heart
D)defective reflexes

Question 65

When a mother's blood type is Rh negative and the child's blood type is Rh positive

A)there is no available medical treatment for such incompatibility of blood types.
B)certain prescription drugs can be taken by the mother to keep the baby safe.
C)breastfeeding is not recommended for the first two months.
D)the baby may be given blood transfusions before or immediately after birth.

Question 66

According to your text,the risk of early pregnancy loss is elevated when

A)both men and women consume alcohol during the week of conception.
B)mothers drink moderate or lower levels of caffeine during the week of conception.
C)mothers stop drinking once they learn they are pregnant.
D)mothers take nonprescription drugs during the third trimester.

Question 67

Intrauterine (within the womb)growth retardation is most closely associated with which teratogen?

A)Alcohol
B)Nicotine
C)Aspirin
D)Tetracycline

Question 68

Frank smokes two packs of cigarettes a day.His wife,Lauren,is pregnant and the doctor is concerned that Frank's smoking will result in the baby's

A)developing FASD after birth.
B)developing facial deformities.
C)gaining less weight than is healthy.
D)being born with heart defects.

Question 69

Children born to cocaine-using mothers are likely to

A)be born with facial and limb deformities.
B)have neurological and cognitive deficits.
C)succumb to sudden infant death syndrome.
D)be born with heart defects.

Question 70

The use of methamphetamines during pregnancy has been linked to all of the following birth defects EXCEPT:

A)flattened cheek bones and thin upper lips.
B)infant mortality.
C)behavioral problems.
D)smaller head circumference.

Question 71

Learning and memory difficulties in the school-age years are most closely linked to which teratogen?

A)Caffeine
B)Marijuana
C)Accutane
D)Synthetic estrogen

Question 72

The Rh factor can result in a risk to a child if the

A)fetus's blood is Rh negative and the mother's is Rh positive.
B)fetus's blood is Rh positive and the mother's is Rh negative.
C)father's Rh factor and the mother's Rh factor are both negative.
D)father's Rh factor and the mother's Rh factor are both positive.

Question 73

_____ has been linked with high infant mortality,developmental and behavioral problems,and low birth weight.

A)Heroin
B)Marijuana
C)Methamphetamine
D)Cocaine

Question 74

_____ is a sexually transmitted infection and it damages organs after they have formed.

A)Rubella
B)Eczema herpeticum
C)Pseudoangiomatosis
D)Syphilis

Question 75

Nicole smoked marijuana while she was pregnant,As a result,her son,who is now 15 years old,is

A)more likely to be taller than other teens his age.
B)more likely to start smoking marijuana.
C)less likely to use other recreational drugs.
D)less likely to start smoking marijuana.

Question 76

_____,like cocaine,speeds up an individual's nervous system.

A)Heroin
B)Marijuana
C)Methamphetamine
D)Alcohol

Question 77

Sheila wants to have a baby.She drinks one to two drinks a day.She has vowed that as soon as she finds out she is pregnant she will stop drinking completely.Sheila does not realize that

A)alcohol can cause adverse effects only after the germinal period.
B)moderate drinking of alcohol during pregnancy does not affect the fetus.
C)alcohol does not cause any adverse effect during the embryonic period.
D)consumption of alcohol during the week of conception increases the risk of early pregnancy loss.

Question 78

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (secondhand smoke)increases the risk of

A)stillbirth.
B)low birth weight.
C)weakening of the immune system.
D)all of these.

Question 79

The greatest risk for prenatal defects exists when a mother contracts rubella

A)in the third month of pregnancy.
B)in the second trimester of pregnancy.
C)right before birth.
D)in the third or fourth week of pregnancy.

Question 80

A cluster of abnormalities that appear in a newborn and include facial and limb deformities and defects of the limbs,face,and heart are known as

A)cocaine-induced syndroms.
B)embryonic nicotine syndroms.
C)drug-induced fetal disorders.
D)fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.