Deck 17: Culture and Diversity

Question 1

Culture is made of ______________ about life that guide people's behavior.

A) ideals
B) values
C) assumptions
D) All of these.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What best describes the U.S.culture?

A) authority-oriented
B) family-centered
C) individual-oriented
D) fashion-oriented

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which one of the following nations is not considered individualistic?

A) United States
B) Canada
C) Great Britain
D) India

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The behavior,patterns,beliefs,and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation defines

A) race.
B) ethnicity.
C) culture.
D) origins.

Question 5

Which culture is said to be collectivistic?

A) China
B) United States
C) Great Britain
D) the Netherlands

Question 6

Most of the friends that André hangs around with have a college degree,wait tables for a living,and make around $25,000 a year.This suggests that André's friends are of similar

A) socioeconomic status.
B) moral values.
C) ethnicity.
D) cultural backgrounds.

Question 7

Among the nations described as individualistic is

A) China.
B) Japan.
C) India.
D) the United States.

Question 8

The comparison of a culture with one or more other cultures,that provides information about the degree to which children's development is similar,or universal,across cultures,or the degree to which it is culture-specific,defines __________ studies.

A) case
B) cross-sectional
C) cross-cultural
D) longitudinal

Question 9

The belief that a person's individual culture is the correct culture is an example of

A) ethics.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) ego.
D) None of these.

Question 10

Which of the following cultures is said to be individualistic?

A) India
B) Japan
C) Great Britain
D) Thailand

Question 11

To determine whether Piaget's stages are universal,Brad and Greg conduct a research project in which 20 children in the United States and 20 children in Ireland complete several conservation tasks.They are conducting a ___________ study.

A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) cross-cultural
D) case

Question 12

A positive outcome of living in a collectivist culture includes

A) connectedness to family and friends.
B) orientation to a larger group.
C) respect and obedience.
D) All of these

Question 13

According to Triandis (2007),giving a priority to personal goals rather than to group goals is called

A) independence.
B) individualism.
C) collectivism.
D) interdependence.

Question 14

Whose culture would have been most likely to teach them to emphasize the individual over the group?

A) Aquilina's,who is from Mexico
B) Au's,who is from Japan
C) Aubrey's,who is from the United States
D) Ambar's,who is from India

Question 15

Among the nations described as collectivistic is

A) India.
B) Canada.
C) Great Britain.
D) the Netherlands.

Question 16

Giving a priority to personal goals rather than to group goals,with an emphasis on values that serve the self defines

A) pluralism.
B) assimilation.
C) individualism.
D) collectivism.

Question 17

Which of the following terms is not used to denote the middle class?

A) middle-income
B) managerial class
C) working class
D) white-collar

Question 18

At the beginning of the chapter,the stories of Sonya's and Michael's cultural conflicts both reflect problems related to

A) siblings.
B) ethnic food issues.
C) family and generational expectations.
D) wanting to go to China or Japan where they would be understood.

Question 19

Laura is conducting research comparing the manners of American children with those of Peruvian children.This is an example of a __________ study.

A) cross-sectional
B) longitudinal
C) cross-cultural
D) cross-national

Question 20

Collectivism emphasizes values that serve the group by subordinating personal goals to preserve

A) group integrity.
B) interdependence of the members.
C) harmonious relationships.
D) All of these.

Question 21

In 2012,_____ of children were living in families below the poverty line,according to the U.S.Bureau of the Census.

A) 1.3 percent
B) 11.6 percent
C) 21.9 percent
D) 37.4 percent

Question 22

African-American male participants of the New Hope study,aged 9 to 19,found that they were

A) more optimistic about job and career possibilities.
B) more optimistic about marriage.
C) more fearful of job opportunities.
D) more accepting of divorce.

Question 23

The fastest-growing group of adolescent immigrants are ______ Americans.

A) Latino
B) African
C) European
D) Asian

Question 24

Most research on SES delineates two categories:

A) lower and middle class.
B) middle and upper class.
C) upper and wealthy class.
D) lower and wealthy class.

Question 25

A mentoring program called Quantum Opportunities was in place for students during high school and funded by what corporation?

A) Heinz
B) Folger
C) Ford
D) Microsoft

Question 26

What portion of Latino American children live in poverty?

A) 32 percent
B) 47 percent
C) 57 percent
D) 67 percent

Question 27

Relatively high rates of minority _____________________ are contributing to the growth in the proportion of ethnic minorities in the U.S.population.

A) emigration
B) immigration
C) acculturation
D) assimilation

Question 28

In 2008,what percentage of African American children lived in poverty?

A) 11 percent
B) 22 percent
C) 35 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 29

Reginald comes from a lower-SES family.Based on this information,his parents are most likely to discipline Reginald using

A) verbal punishment.
B) authoritarian parenting style.
C) reasoning and physical punishment.
D) physical punishment only.

Question 30

Like their parents,children from low-SES backgrounds are more likely to experience

A) mental health problems.
B) improvement in self-esteem.
C) less juvenile delinquency than children from high-SES families.
D) high self-confidence.

Question 31

Ethnicity is based on all of the following,except

A) race.
B) religion.
C) gender.
D) language.

Question 32

What might be expected in current conditions about many single-parent mothers in poverty?

A) Far more men than women live in poverty.
B) Far more women than men live in poverty.
C) Men tend to handle poverty better than women.
D) Women tend to handle poverty better than men.

Question 33

Alejandro and his family have immigrated to the United States.Since Alejandro is fluent in the English language,he now serves as the cultural _______ for this family.

A) speaker
B) broker
C) mediator
D) aid

Question 34

Many two-generation programs have been put in effect to improve the conditions of poverty.What was one result of these programs?

A) There was more of an effect on children than parents.
B) There was more of an effect on parents than children.
C) There was no effect on parents or children.
D) Two-generation programs were impossible to evaluate.

Question 35

Which of the following does not fit in with children growing up in poverty?

A) physical punishment
B) lack of home structure
C) nonviolent settings
D) domestic violence in their buildings

Question 36

Some children are ________________ and cope with the challenges of poverty without any major setbacks,but too many struggle unsuccessfully.

A) resilient
B) aggressive
C) juvenile delinquents
D) None of these.

Question 37

According to research,children in poor families experienced ___________ risks than their middle-income counterparts.

A) less
B) greater
C) no difference in
D) immeasurable

Question 38

As a recently divorced mother,Alice is struggling to make ends meet.Although she is succeeding,it has been quite a battle.From her perspective,two things that would really improve her life would be a higher-paying job and consistent child-support payments from her ex-spouse.Alice is echoing the premise of

A) the rites of passage.
B) acculturation.
C) the high percentage of single mothers in poverty.
D) maternalization.

Question 39

Research shows that children raised in poverty experience widespread environmental inequities such as

A) family turmoil.
B) dangerous neighborhoods.
C) less social support.
D) All of these

Question 40

In America and most Western cultures,what social-class differences in child rearing exist?

A) Working-class parents place a high value on conformity to society,whereas middle-class parents place a high value on internal characteristics.
B) Working-class parents place a high value on internal characteristics,whereas middle-class parents place a high value on external characteristics.
C) Working-class parents use authoritative parenting whereas middle-class parents use permissive parenting.
D) Working-class parents use permissive parenting whereas middle-class parents use authoritarian parenting.

Question 41

Of the following,the person most likely to experience the double disadvantage is the one who is

A) poor and experiencing racial discrimination.
B) poor and a female.
C) elderly and poor.
D) experiencing racial discrimination and prejudice.

Question 42

Failure to recognize diversity and individual variations results in _____________________ an ethnic minority group.

A) appreciating
B) prejudice against
C) the acceptance of
D) None of these.

Question 43

Which is not a positive influence of television on children's development?

A) motivating educational programming
B) increasing information about the world that is beyond the immediate environment
C) models of prosocial behavior
D) presenting unrealistic views of the world

Question 44

Max says to his coworker,"Lois is a woman,so there's no way she will be as good a welder as I am." This is an example of

A) diversity.
B) ethnicity.
C) racism.
D) prejudice.

Question 45

By the time the average American adolescent graduates from high school,he or she has watched approximately __________ hours of television.

A) 1,000
B) 5,000
C) 10,000
D) 20,000

Question 46

Which of the following involves an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual because of his or her membership in a group to which you do not belong?

A) discrimination
B) prejudice
C) acculturation
D) stereotyping

Question 47

When Sean tells his parents that he is bringing a girlfriend home from college,they are initially excited.Later,Sean mentions that his girlfriend is of a different religion than his family.Sean's dad says,"I already know that I am going to dislike that woman and her religious ways." Sean's dad's statement illustrates

A) ethnicity.
B) marginalization.
C) socioeconomic status.
D) prejudice.

Question 48

What are the two official languages of Canada?

A) English and Spanish
B) English and French
C) German and French
D) Spanish and French

Question 49

Joey is watching television,text messaging,and listening to his iPod.This activity is called

A) multitexting.
B) multimessaging.
C) multitasking.
D) multimedia.

Question 50

How is perspective taking related to ethnicity?

A) Perspective taking is positively correlated with increased prejudice.
B) The stronger a person's ethnicity,the greater his or her ability is to take another individual's perspective.
C) Members of ethnic minority groups capable of perspective taking typically deny their own ethnicity.
D) Individuals capable of taking the perspective of a person from a different ethnic group are more likely to be able to demonstrate empathy for that group.

Question 51

Edgar has an unjustified negative attitude toward Thomas because of his Roman Catholic beliefs.This illustrates

A) ethnic gloss.
B) prejudice.
C) assimilation.
D) acculturation.

Question 52

Children 3 to 5 years old who watched TV after 7:00 PM and were allowed to watch violent TV shows demonstrated

A) a lack of problem solving skills.
B) the belief that everything always comes out right in the end.
C) sleep problems.
D) No answer is correct.

Question 53

Siegel and Wiener (1993)profiled a vast and diverse country of 27 million people with two official languages and a large multicultural population where in the three largest cities more than 50 percent of the children come from homes where neither official language is the native language.This country is

A) Japan.
B) Germany.
C) Mexico.
D) Canada.

Question 54

Which concept does not belong?

A) prejudice
B) assimilation
C) bias
D) discrimination

Question 55

A recent study implemented a year-long intervention with the goal of reducing the harmful effects of violent television content on children's behavior by implementing 28 brief lessons with primary-grade children.What was the result of this research?

A) The intervention reduced the frequency with which children watched violence on television.
B) The intervention decreased their identification with violent television characters.
C) Both answers are correct.
D) Neither answer is correct.

Question 56

In a research study where one group of children watched violent cartoons on television while another group did not,their interactions on the playground were observed.What would you expect from the children who watched more violence?

A) There was no difference between the two groups.
B) The children who did not watch the violent cartoons did not show aggressive behaviors.
C) The children who watched the violent cartoons did not show aggressive behaviors.
D) The children who watched the violent cartoons did show aggressive behaviors.

Question 57

When creative children were studied,what was the outcome of television viewing and creativity?

A) The children were extremely creative because they watched creativity on television all the time.
B) Television is negatively related to children's creativity.
C) The children go from point A of creativity to point B of creativity in leaps and bounds when watching television.
D) None of these.

Question 58

An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual because of this individual's membership in a group is called

A) bias.
B) prejudice.
C) stereotype.
D) discrimination.

Question 59

In the United States,previous findings on the effects of ethnic minority status are being challenged because

A) numerous researchers have been identified as being racists.
B) past research often failed to consider the fact that ethnicity and SES are confounded.
C) new culture-free intelligence tests have been developed.
D) most previous research on ethnicity utilized Native Americans as subjects,and today this group is one of the smaller ethnic minority groups.

Question 60

An Asian American is a person originating from

A) Japan.
B) Korea.
C) Philippines.
D) All of these.

Question 61

Immigrants experience special stressors.According to research,what are these stressors?

Question 62

Describe three characteristics of culture.

Question 63

What has been the biggest change in the study of culture?

A) parental involvement
B) technological revolution
C) arguing more with parents
D) disrespect for elders

Question 64

In the textbook's discussion of individualistic and collectivist cultures,it was found that members of an individualistic culture have higher rates of what four things?

Question 65

The use of computers has taken the place of _____________ in communication

A) pens and postage
B) telephones
C) stamps
D) All of these.

Question 66

There is a special concern about largely unregulated aspects of the Internet that make it difficult to monitor the information that children are accessing.If you were at a parent-teacher conference,how would you suggest parents handle this situation?

Question 67

A frequent component of adolescent communication includes

A) cell phones.
B) smart phones.
C) chat rooms.
D) All of these.

Question 68

List five positives and five negatives of technology on our lives today.

Question 69

The main way adolescents communicate with their friends is _______.

A) talking
B) texting
C) notes
D) phone calling

Question 70

The ______________________ is the core of computer-mediated communication.

A) computer
B) Internet
C) hard drive
D) buddy list

Question 71

Ethnicity refers to several different areas.Please list four of these.

Question 72

Research has found that both parents and children of lower-SES backgrounds are at high risk for what problems?

Question 73

As researchers have conducted cross-cultural investigation in recent years,the most elaborate search for traits has focused on the dichotomy between individualism and collectivism.Explain this dichotomy and how it impacts the cultures within the United States.

Question 74

Prosocial behavior has been identified in children watching some television shows such as

A) Two and a Half Men.
B) Sesame Street.
C) Happy Days.
D) None of these.

Question 75

The research project called New Hope was formed to increase employment and reduce family poverty.What outcomes would be found later for the participants?

Question 76

Identify four different areas included in the definition of socioeconomic status.

Question 77

What behaviors would you expect from a boy who watches violent television shows?

Question 78

Define the term prejudice and provide one example.