Deck 14: Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Question 1

Secure attachment to parents during childhood correlates with:

A) higher academic achievement in college.
B) stronger sibling relationships in adulthood.
C) secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood.
D) an easy temperament in adulthood.

Answer 1

secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood.

Question 2

In one longitudinal study,when 3-year-old children showed good control of their emotions and were resilient in the face of stress,they were:

A) likely to continue to handle emotions effectively as adults.
B) less likely as adults to be assertive.
C) likely to be aggressive in their relationships in later adulthood.
D) more likely to engage in compulsive gambling in early adulthood.

Answer 2

likely to continue to handle emotions effectively as adults.

Question 3

_____ infants are defined as those who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment.

A) Securely detached
B) Avoidant attached
C) Insecurely attached
D) Securely attached

Answer 3

Securely attached

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios will most likely aid an child to be outgoing,sociable,and emotionally stable as an adult?

A) Peer groups with other inhibited children with common interests,so the child feels accepted
B) Child continuously encounters noisy,chaotic environments that allow no escape from stimulation
C) Caregivers who use inappropriate "low-level control" and attempt to force the child into new situations
D) School being "overmanned," so inhibited children are less likely to be tolerated and more likely to feel undervalued

Question 5

Individuals with an anxious attachment style:

A) are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships,but are committed once they are in one.
B) demand closeness in relationships and are more emotional.
C) are less likely than others to have one-night stands.
D) tend to distance themselves from their partner.

Question 6

If researchers measure an individual's self-esteem at ages 10,20,30,and 40 years,where are they likely to find the most stability?

A) When measured at the age of 10 and then again at the age of 30.
B) When measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 30.
C) When measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 40.
D) When measured at the age of 10 and then again at the age of 40.

Question 7

In her meeting with a counselor,Dalton revealed that he was uncomfortable being close to others.He finds it difficult to trust people completely and doesn't allow himself to depend completely on them.He gets nervous if someone tries to get too intimate with him.It seems likely that Dalton has a(n)_____ attachment style.

A) secure
B) anxious
C) conflicted
D) avoidant

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true about role of temperament among children and adults?

A) Children are likely to be well adjusted as adults regardless of their temperament during childhood.
B) Individuals who had an inhibited temperament in childhood more likely than other adults to delay entering a stable job track.
C) Children with an easy temperament are less likely to be well adjusted as young adults.
D) Individuals who had an inhibited temperament in childhood more likely than other adults to be assertive or experience social support.

Question 9

Rose's ex-boyfriend,Peter,describes her as clingy and dependent.During their relationship,she always told that she was loved and wanted to rush into marriage.She also kept tabs on Peter and was jealous of all his female friends and colleagues.Rose seems to have a(n)_____ attachment style.

A) secure
B) anxious
C) conflicted
D) avoidant

Question 10

Research indicates that links between early attachment styles and later attachment styles were _____ by stressful and disruptive experiences.

A) not impacted by
B) lessened
C) facilitated
D) enhanced

Question 11

Amy is not overly stressed out about her relationship with her boyfriend Danny.She trusts him and is sure that if there are any problems,they can talk it through and come to an understanding.Which of the following BEST describes Amy's attachment style?

A) Disorganized attachment style
B) Anxious attachment style
C) Avoidant attachment style
D) Secure attachment style

Question 12

_____ individuals are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once in a relationship tend to distance themselves from their partner.

A) Disorganized
B) Anxious
C) Securely attached
D) Avoidant

Question 13

On an assessment of attachment styles modeled on Hazan and Shaver's questionnaire,Alicia described herself thus: "I find it relatively easy to get close to others and I am comfortable depending on them and having them depend on me.I don't worry about being abandoned or about someone getting too close to me".Alicia seems to have a(n):

A) avoidant attachment style.
B) secure attachment style.
C) anxious attachment style.
D) gregarious attachment style

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios will most likely increase the tendency of a child' to become an introvert and create more emotional problems as an adult?

A) Admitting the child to peer groups with other inhibited children with common interests.
B) Having caregivers who are sensitive and accepting,and allowing the child to set his own pace.
C) Presence of 'defensible shelters' that the child can retreat to when there is too much stimulation in the physical environment.
D) Enrolling the child in school that is undermanned.

Question 15

_____ is an individual's behavioral style and characteristic emotional responses.

A) Attitude
B) Temper
C) Disposition
D) Temperament

Question 16

Research relating to individual temperaments has indicated that children with easy temperaments at age 3 to 5:

A) are more likely to have learning disabilities in adolescence.
B) largely do not carry that temperament into adulthood.
C) are less likely than other adults to be assertive.
D) are more likely to be well adjusted as young adults.

Question 17

Theodore Wachs proposed ways that linkages between temperament in childhood and personality in adulthood might vary depending on the:

A) genetic makeup of the individual.
B) intervening contexts in individuals' experience.
C) age at which the child exhibited the personality trait.
D) brain development of the individual.

Question 18

_____ adults describe themselves as securely attached.

A) A majority of
B) Less than half of
C) Very few
D) About a quarter of

Question 19

Securely attached adults:

A) are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships,but are committed once they are in one.
B) demand closeness in relationships and are more emotional.
C) are less likely than others to have one-night stands.
D) tend to distance themselves from their partner.

Question 20

_____ adults have positive views of relationships,find it easy to get close to others,and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships.

A) Securely attached
B) Attachment-anxious
C) Attachment-avoidant
D) Securely detached

Question 21

The matching hypothesis says that we choose partners:

A) who have similar values.
B) who are close to our level of physical attractiveness.
C) on the basis of proximity.
D) who have opposing personality traits.

Question 22

"Amelia's all excited about this new guy she met," says Julie."I guess it makes sense because he's really a geek." Based on the concept of consensual validation,we can expect that Julie:

A) thinks that Amelia is also a geek.
B) is an intellectual and charitable person.
C) believes that Amelia is not influenced by her friend's opinions.
D) is providing consensual validation for Amelia's taste in men.

Question 23

Individuals with a(n)_____ attachment style were less resistant to the temptations of infidelity,which was linked to their lower level of relationship commitment.

A) disorganized
B) anxious
C) secure
D) avoidant

Question 24

Which of the following attachment styles is characterized by more satisfaction in close relationships?

A) Secure attachment style
B) Avoidant attachment style
C) Anxious attachment style
D) Disorganized attachment style

Question 25

Which of the following attachment styles is more likely to be characterized by trust,commitment,and longevity?

A) Disorganized attachment style
B) Avoidant attachment style
C) Anxious attachment style
D) Secure attachment style

Question 26

According to Mario Mikulincer and Phillip Shaver,when adults who are _____ face stress and adversity,they activate cognitive representations of security,are mindful of what is happening around them,and mobilize effective coping strategies.

A) avoidant
B) securely detached
C) insecurely attached
D) securely attached

Question 27

Which of the following BEST exemplifies the psychological concept of consensual validation?

A) Complimenting someone on the positive changes made in his or her life
B) Being curious about someone whose native culture differs considerably from your own
C) Being comfortable with someone who values the same things that you do
D) Agreeing with someone that a proposed compromise is valid and acceptable

Question 28

According to recent studies,which of the following adults had higher level of sexual satisfaction?

A) Attachment-secure adults
B) Attachment-avoidant adults
C) Attachment-anxious adults
D) Attachment-disorganized adults

Question 29

According to leading experts Mario Mikulincer and Phillip Shaver,individuals who _____ have a well-integrated sense of self-acceptance,self-esteem,and self-efficacy.

A) have an attachment-avoidant style
B) are insecurely attached
C) are securely attached
D) have an anxious-attachment style

Question 30

Which of the following is a potential benefit of romantic relationships over the Internet?

A) The chance of potential partners misrepresenting themselves is low.
B) The lack of interpersonal connection benefits the relationship in the long-term.
C) It benefits shy and anxious people who find it difficult to meet potential partners in person.
D) It is especially beneficial to attachment-secure,gregarious people who want to form close relationships.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the important characteristics men look for in women?

A) Good looks
B) Cooking skills
C) Frugality
D) Understanding

Question 32

Apart from consensual validation,what is the other reason that similarity matters in relationships?

A) Similar attitudes tend to negatively influence relationships in the long run.
B) It is more socially acceptable to have a partner who is similar.
C) People tend to shy away from the unknown.
D) Evolutionary forces act toward integration of similar types.

Question 33

Recent studies confirmed that _____ individuals showed strong ambivalence toward a romantic partner.

A) Attachment-anxious
B) Securely attached
C) Attachment-avoidant
D) Attachment-disorganized

Question 34

Latrell is very intelligent but only of average physical attractiveness.The matching hypothesis states that he will choose a partner who:

A) is also intelligent but very attractive.
B) is bright but unattractive.
C) is of average physical attraction and intelligence.
D) is very attractive but not very intelligent.

Question 35

According to research,which of the following is most likely to be rated as the LEAST important characteristic that women look for in men?

A) Kindness
B) Good looks
C) Earning prospects
D) Considerateness

Question 36

Which of the following is true of the preferences of adults regarding the attachment styles of their partners?

A) Securely attached adults show a preference for individuals with an anxious attachment style.
B) Individuals with an anxious attachment style mostly seem to prefer a partner with an anxious attachment style.
C) Adults prefer to have an avoidant adult as a partner.
D) Adults prefer having a securely attached partner.

Question 37

Compared to the relationships established in person,what is the significant finding about romantic relationships initiated over the Internet?

A) Romantic relationships initiated on the Internet are more likely than relationships established in person to last for more than two years
B) In contrast to popular belief,intentional misrepresentation of self over the Internet is very rare.
C) Women were found to be more dishonest than men.
D) Romantic relationships established in person have been found to last longer than those established over the Internet.

Question 38

According to Mario Mikulincer and Phillip Shaver,_____ individuals have the ability to control their emotions,are optimistic,and are resilient.

A) attachment-avoidant
B) attachment-secure
C) attachment-repellant
D) attachment-anxious

Question 39

A national survey indicated that _____ in adults was associated with the development of disease and chronic illness,especially cardiovascular system problems such as high blood pressure,heart attack,and stroke.

A) secure attachment
B) easy temperament
C) insecure attachment
D) assertive personality

Question 40

According to recent studies,which of the following individuals showed lower levels of depressive symptoms?

A) Attachment-anxious adults
B) Attachment-secure adults
C) Attachment-avoidant adults
D) Attachment-repellant adults

Question 41

Which of the following is a problem that can plague cross-gender friendships?

A) Unclear sexual boundaries
B) Lack of intimacy
C) Lack of trust
D) Learning about shared characteristics

Question 42

According to Erik Erikson,if individuals do not develop intimacy,they face:

A) low self-esteem.
B) insecure attachment.
C) narcissism.
D) isolation.

Question 43

According to Erik Erikson,which of the following stages is the most important issue to be negotiated in adolescence?

A) Identity versus identity confusion
B) Industry versus Inferiority
C) Intimacy versus isolation
D) Autonomy versus shame

Question 44

According to Erik Erikson,which of the following is a precursor to intimacy in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood?

A) Identity development in adolescence
B) Insecure attachment in childhood
C) Postconventional reasoning in childhood
D) Postformal thought in adulthood

Question 45

According to Ellen Berscheid,the most important ingredient of romantic love is:

A) friendship.
B) sexual desire.
C) long-term commitment.
D) spontaneity in behavior.

Question 46

_____ love is also called eros.

A) Companionate
B) Affectionate
C) Romantic
D) Consummate

Question 47

According to Erik Erikson,which of the following stages occurs during early adulthood,after individuals are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities?

A) Identity versus identity confusion
B) Generativity versus stagnation
C) Integrity versus despair
D) Intimacy versus isolation

Question 48

Which of the following is true about gender differences in adult friendships?

A) Compared with women,men have more close friends.
B) Adult male friendships are more competitive than those of women.
C) Compared with women,men's friendships involve more self-disclosure and exchange of mutual support.
D) The adult female pattern of friendship often involves keeping one's distance while sharing useful information.

Question 49

The early stages of love have more _____ love ingredients.

A) romantic
B) companionate
C) passionate
D) consummate

Question 50

Erikson describes _____ as finding oneself while losing oneself in another person,and it requires a commitment to another person.

A) friendship
B) intimacy
C) attachment
D) temperament

Question 51

Female friendships involve more _____ than male friendships.

A) competition
B) outdoor activities
C) self-disclosure
D) sharing of useful information

Question 52

Development in early adulthood involves a balance of:

A) autonomy and freedom on the one hand with shame and doubt on the other.
B) passion and trust.
C) interconnection,independence,and negotiation.
D) intimacy and commitment on the one hand with independence and freedom on the other.

Question 53

A meta-analysis revealed a positive link between _____ and intimacy,with the connection being stronger for men than women.

A) identity development
B) insecure attachment
C) postformal thought
D) postconventional reasoning

Question 54

Which of the following is another name for romantic love?

A) Passionate love
B) Affectionate love
C) Companionate love
D) Consummate love

Question 55

_____ love is also called companionate love.

A) Passionate
B) Affectionate
C) Consummate
D) Romantic

Question 56

Which of the following statements about romantic love is true?

A) Males show lower anxiety about romantic love than females.
B) Females show higher avoidance of romantic love than males.
C) Males show higher anxiety about romantic love than females.
D) Males and females show the same level of avoidance and anxiety about romantic love.

Question 57

Which of the following characteristics do men rate in women as most important?

A) Good looks
B) Honesty
C) Understanding
D) Kindness

Question 58

_____ love is the type of love that occurs when someone desires to have the other person near and has a deep,caring affection for the person.

A) Passionate
B) Fatuous
C) Companionate
D) Romantic

Question 59

According to Erik Erikson,which of the following is the sixth developmental stage?

A) Intimacy versus isolation
B) Identity versus identity confusion
C) Autonomy versus shame and doubt
D)Integrity versus despair

Question 60

_____ love has strong components of sexuality and infatuation,and it often predominates in the early part of a love relationship.

A) Companionate
B) Affectionate
C) Consummate
D) Romantic

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a component of Sternberg's triangular theory of love?

A) passion
B) exchange
C) commitment
D) intimacy

Question 62

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love,love is characterized by the dimensions of:

A) role-exchanges,exclusivity,and commitment.
B) shared activities,self-disclosure,and commitment.
C) passion,commitment,and intimacy.
D) transference,companionship,and self-disclosure.

Question 63

According to Robert J.Sternberg's triarchic theory of love,_____ relates to the emotional feelings of warmth,closeness,and sharing in a relationship.

A) attachment
B) intimacy
C) commitment
D) passion

Question 64

A relationship marked by intimacy and commitment but low or lacking in passion is called _____,a pattern often found among couples who have been married for many years.

A) romantic love
B) consummate love
C) affectionate love
D) fatuous love

Question 65

Brenda and Jonathan have been married for 15 years.When Brenda develops a potentially fatal lung disease,Jonathan retires in order to care for Brenda.This shows that Brenda and Jonathan's relationship has a high level of _____.

A) infatuation
B) commitment
C) fatuous love
D) passion

Question 66

Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him,but we aren't what you would call emotionally close.I love being with him,but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship".According to Robert Sternberg's theory of love,which type of love is Julie experiencing?

A) Affectionate love
B) Infatuation
C) Consummate
D) Companionate love

Question 67

In Sternberg's view,an affair or a fling in which there is little intimacy and even less commitment is an example of _____.

A) infatuation
B) consummation
C) fatuous love
D) companionate love

Question 68

If passion and commitment are present but intimacy is not,Sternberg calls the relationship _____ love,as when one person worships another from a distance.

A) romantic
B) fatuous
C) affectionate
D) consummate

Question 69

Penelope is describing her marriage of 15 years: "My husband and I were eating breakfast the other day.Neither of us was talking,both of us just reading and thinking our own thoughts.But it was a very comfortable,companionable silence,and I love it!" What aspect of their relationship does this illustrate?

A) Passion
B) Infatuation
C) Romantic love
D) Affectionate love

Question 70

Bob worships his colleague Anne.He loves her from afar but there is no intimacy or closeness between them.Sternberg would characterize this as _____ love.

A) consummate
B) fatuous
C) affectionate
D) passionate

Question 71

When all three dimensions of Sternberg's triarchic theory of love are present in a relationship,what type of love are people experiencing?

A) Affectionate love
B) Consummate love
C) Fatuous love
D) Passionate love

Question 72

There has been _____ in the number of cohabiting U.S.couples since 1970.

A) a dramatic increase
B) little change
C) a huge fall
D) a steady rise

Question 73

A recent study of unmarried relationship dissolution in 18- to 35-year-olds revealed that experiencing a breakup was linked to:

A) a decrease in health problems.
B) an increase in life satisfaction.
C) a decrease in psychological stress.
D) an increase in psychological stress.

Question 74

According to Robert J.Sternberg's triarchic theory of love,_____ is physical and sexual attraction to another.

A) attachment
B) commitment
C) intimacy
D) passion

Question 75

According to Robert J.Sternberg,which of the following is the strongest and fullest form of love?

A) Passionate love
B) Fatuous love
C) Affectionate love
D) Consummate love

Question 76

Data from 2009 indicate that in the U.S.for the first time in history:

A) adults began to cohabit instead of entering into marriages.
B) the proportion of individuals 25 to 34 years of age who have never been married exceeded those who were married.
C) the percentage of cohabiting adults began to decline.
D) the proportion of individuals 25 to 34 years of age who are or have been married exceeded those who have never been married.

Question 77

According to Robert J.Sternberg,which of the following BEST describes the love in a relationship where passion is the only ingredient,and intimacy and commitment are low?

A) Fatuous love
B) Consummation
C) Infatuation
D) Companionate love

Question 78

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love,consummate love is characterized by:

A) passion,intimacy,and commitment.
B) romance,shared disclosure,and sexual desire.
C) commitment and exclusiveness.
D) eroticism and companionship.

Question 79

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married is known as _____.

A) consensual validation
B) attachment
C) coparenting
D) cohabitation

Question 80

According to Robert J.Sternberg's triarchic theory of love,_____ is the cognitive appraisal of the relationship and the intent to maintain the relationship even in the face of problems.

A) commitment
B) intimacy
C) attachment
D) passion