Deck 9: Key Minerals,Water,and the Nonnutrient Alcohol

Question 1

Extracellular water

A)is within the nucleus and DNA.
B)provides cellular energy.
C)is within cells.
D)includes plasma and tissue fluid.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals?

A)iron,copper,and zinc
B)calcium,magnesium,and sodium
C)sodium,copper,and potassium
D)calcium,phosphorus,and zinc

Answer 2

A

Question 3

While Aaron was at a party,he drank too much alcohol.The following morning,he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry.Based on this information,Aaron was

A)experiencing the effects of delayed alcohol metabolism disorder.
B)suffering from ion overload syndrome,which often occurs after excess alcohol ingestion.
C)being affected by the dehydration that resulted from drinking alcohol.
D)displaying the typical signs and symptoms of alcohol spectrum disease.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the human body,water is needed to

A)transport substances.
B)provide energy to fuel cellular activity.
C)protect DNA from free radical damage.
D)make glucose from fatty acids.

Question 5

Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals?

A)potassium,magnesium,and sodium
B)iron,fluoride,and selenium
C)sodium,copper,and potassium
D)calcium,phosphorus,and zinc

Question 6

In the human body,water is involved in the

A)digestion of food.
B)storage of water-soluble wastes.
C)regulation of energy metabolism.
D)protection of cell membranes from free radical damage.

Question 7

Which of the following substances is a diuretic?

A)iron
B)alcohol
C)salt
D)calcium

Question 8

Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals?

A)chromium,iodine,and selenium
B)magnesium,zinc,and sodium
C)potassium,copper,and iron
D)calcium,phosphorus,and magnesium

Question 9

Extracellular water

A)surrounds cells.
B)includes the fluid within cells.
C)regulates metabolic processes.
D)supplies about 4 kcal/g.

Question 10

Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals?

A)sodium,potassium,and phosphorus
B)calcium,zinc,and sodium
C)sodium,copper,and potassium
D)selenium,calcium,and phosphorus

Question 11

If extracellular water has an excess of sodium ions,

A)sodium ions move into cells.
B)excess zinc and fluoride ions are eliminated in feces.
C)cells lose intracellular fluid and shrink.
D)the body uses the sodium ions for energy.

Question 12

About _____ % of an average healthy young man's body weight is water.

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)80

Question 13

Maris has a metabolic condition that upsets her body's hydration status.Her cells have difficulty removing excess ions from intracellular fluid.As a result of this condition,

A)extracellular fluid moves into her cells,causing them to swell.
B)excess calcium and magnesium ions enter her bloodstream.
C)her cells die from a lack of intracellular fluid.
D)she develops type 1 diabetes.

Question 14

In the human body,water is needed to

A)regulate energy production.
B)remove wastes.
C)dissolve fat-soluble vitamins.
D)monitor nerve cell function.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Most of the water that enters the digestive tract is excreted in feces.
B)Water and beverages comprise 100% of a person's total water intake.
C)Cells produce water as a by-product of energy metabolism.
D)Vegetable oils are about 25 to 50% water by weight.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A healthy person's average daily total water input usually equals his or her average total daily water output.
B)The liver is the major regulator of your body's water content and ion concentration.
C)Vomiting or diarrhea do not alter the body's fluid balance.
D)Total body water does not include metabolic water.

Question 17

The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance.

A)salivary glands
B)tonsils
C)parathyroid glands
D)kidneys

Question 18

Which of the following substances is a mild diuretic?

A)iron
B)phenylalanine
C)caffeine
D)vitamin A

Question 19

Intracellular water

A)surrounds cells.
B)includes the plasma of blood.
C)is within cells.
D)supplies about 4 kcal/g.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A person's body water content increases with increasing age.
B)Water comprises approximately 25% of lean muscle tissue.
C)About 30% of an average person's body is water.
D)Healthy young women have slightly less body water than healthy young men.

Question 21

Lydia's diet lacks _____,which is classified as a major mineral.

A)iodine
B)iron
C)selenium
D)calcium

Question 22

Jade is concerned about her risk of osteoporosis.To help reduce her risk of this condition,Jade should

A)consume more iron-rich foods.
B)avoid foods such as kale and frozen yogurt.
C)reduce her physical activity level.
D)avoid smoking cigarettes.

Question 23

According to Adequate Intake recommendations,the total water intake for healthy young adults is approximately _____ cups/day.

A)4 to 6.5
B)11 to 15.5
C)18 to 20.5
D)22 to 25.5

Question 24

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

A)tomato
B)whole-wheat bread
C)corn oil
D)apple with skin

Question 25

The body eliminates water through the

A)lungs.
B)lymphatic system.
C)liver.
D)spleen.

Question 26

Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight?

A)leaf lettuce
B)whole-wheat bread
C)corn oil
D)apple with skin

Question 27

Christine loves to eat canned salmon and sardines,even though the fish have tiny bones in them.These fish are good sources of

A)folate.
B)calcium.
C)
D)magnesium.

Question 28

Yesterday,Jenny ran in a marathon race.While she ran,she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course.At the end of the race,she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line.She was confused,and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy.Based on this information,Jenny was probably suffering from

A)brain cancer.
B)water intoxication.
C)heat cramps.
D)kidney failure.

Question 29

Derek's diet contains high amounts of _____,which is classified as a major mineral.

A)iodine
B)iron
C)phosphorus
D)lithium

Question 30

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis after menopause.
B)Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life.
C)People with African ancestry have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people with Asian or white ancestry.
D)Calcium is needed for muscle contraction and blood clot formation.

Question 31

Which of the following foods is a good source of calcium?

A)fat-free yogurt
B)fried chicken
C)red delicious apples
D)ground beef

Question 32

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

A)aluminum
B)cesium
C)selenium
D)calcium

Question 33

____ is a trace mineral in your body.

A)Calcium
B)Copper
C)Sulfur
D)Magnesium

Question 34

Which of the following statements about calcium is false?

A)A person's calcium intake early in life can affect his or her bone density later.
B)Adolescents should consume adequate dairy products to build strong bones.
C)After bones are formed early in life,the body has no need for calcium.
D)The calcium in dairy products is well absorbed by the body.

Question 35

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

A)baked white potato in skin
B)lettuce
C)whole-wheat bread
D)butter

Question 36

The body eliminates excess water through the

A)spleen.
B)lymphatic system.
C)skin.
D)thyroid gland.

Question 37

____ is a major mineral in your body.

A)Iodine
B)Iron
C)Potassium
D)Zinc

Question 38

Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots,beans,water,salt,pepper,bits of ham,and onions.The soup has to cook for 4 hours.While the soup is cooking,what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?

A)The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and lose their natural bioavailability.
B)The relatively high temperature that is needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron,phosphorus,and sulfur in the vegetables.
C)Cooking the soup's ingredients for this extensive amount of time will enable the minerals to become antioxidants.
D)The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water,becoming part of the soup in the process.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.
B)Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life.
C)Bones store calcium and can release the mineral when it is needed.
D)Calcium is needed for muscle contraction and blood clot formation.

Question 40

____ is a trace mineral in your body.

A)Zinc
B)Calcium
C)Phosphorus
D)Potassium

Question 41

____ helps the body maintain normal fluid balance.

A)Sodium
B)Iron
C)Fluoride
D)Copper

Question 42

Since she was a 2-year-old "toddler," Gina has been drinking well water that contains a high amount of fluoride.Based on this information,you would expect Gina to have

A)mottled teeth.
B)type 1 diabetes.
C)iron-deficiency anemia.
D)hair loss.

Question 43

In the United States,many communities add very small amounts of ____ to their public water supplies,because the mineral strengthens teeth.

A)fluoride
B)calcium
C)phosphorus
D)iodide

Question 44

Which of the following blood pressure values is normal?

A)80/120 mm Hg
B)145/60 mm Hg
C)118/69 mm Hg
D)70/120 mm Hg

Question 45

____ is needed for normal bone development and maintenance.

A)Insulin
B)Estrogen
C)Glucagon
D)Thyroid hormone

Question 46

Performing weight-bearing exercise can

A)delay the development of goiter.
B)strengthen bones.
C)reduce the body's need for iron.
D)increase intestinal absorption of zinc.

Question 47

Calcitonin

A)increases the kidney's rate of potassium excretion.
B)signals certain bone cells to remove excess calcium from blood.
C)enables glucose to enter cells.
D)increases iodine absorption in the small intestine.

Question 48

Young women who _____ have higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who do not have this characteristic.

A)exercise regularly
B)have African-American ancestry
C)smoke cigarettes
D)consume kale,spinach,and yogurt

Question 49

____ helps the body maintain normal fluid balance.

A)Potassium
B)Iron
C)Fluoride
D)Copper

Question 50

Osteoporosis is characterized by

A)defective collagen production.
B)destruction of epithelial cells.
C)loss of bone mass.
D)immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin.

Question 51

Lola doesn't like to cook,so she eats fast food at least three times a week.When she doesn't eat fast food,she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich.For snacks,she prefers processed cheese cubes,potato chips,and pretzels.Based on this information,her diet is very high in

A)potassium.
B)vitamin
C)beta-carotene.
D)sodium.

Question 52

Which of the following activities is "weight-bearing"?

A)watching TV
B)lying down
C)lifting weights
D)swimming laps

Question 53

Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension?

A)African Americans
B)Non-Hispanic white Americans
C)Native Americans
D)Asian Americans

Question 54

Young women who _____ have higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who do not have this characteristic.

A)exercise regularly
B)have African-American ancestry
C)drink three alcoholic beverages daily
D)consume fluoridated water

Question 55

Young women who _____ have higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who do not have this characteristic.

A)exercise regularly
B)avoid alcohol
C)have anorexia nervosa
D)consume fluoridated water

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A blood pressure reading of 165/90 mm Hg is within the normal range.
B)Approximately 30% of adult Americans have hypertension.
C)"Deli" meats,such as bologna and ham,are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium.
D)The risk of developing hypertension decreases as a person grows older.

Question 57

Food sources of calcium that have high bioavailability include

A)fresh spinach.
B)reduced-fat yogurt.
C)collard greens.
D)sweet potatoes.

Question 58

Parathyroid hormone

A)increases the body's rate of potassium excretion.
B)signals bone cells to take up calcium from the bloodstream.
C)enables glucose to enter cells.
D)enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis after menopause.
B)People who have large body frames have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people who have small body frames.
C)People with Asian ancestry have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people with African ancestry.
D)Physical activities such as jumping rope,walking,and jogging help keep bones strong.

Question 60

Which of the following individuals has the highest risk of developing osteoporosis?

A)A sedentary white male college student who smokes cigarettes.
B)A 30-year-old Hispanic-American man who plays basketball 5 days a week.
C)A tall 35-year-old African-American woman who consumes 3 cups of dairy products daily.
D)A 40-year-old,white woman who has a large body frame and plays singles tennis twice a week.

Question 61

In general,fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of

A)zinc.
B)calcium.
C)potassium.
D)iron.

Question 62

Pickled foods,canned soups,soy sauce and deli (luncheon)meats contain high amounts of

A)magnesium.
B)potassium.
C)selenium.
D)sodium.

Question 63

_____ is the primary source of sodium in the typical American's diet.

A)Tap water
B)Whole milk
C)Fresh fruit
D)Processed food

Question 64

Joseph has hypertension.The last time he measured his blood pressure,the reading was ____ mm Hg.

A)148/92
B)110/78
C)121/82
D)95/110

Question 65

For the past 4 years,23-year-old Maggie has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods.Based on this information,which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop?

A)osteoporosis
B)cretinism
C)goiter
D)iron deficiency

Question 66

Marcus has iron deficiency.He should consider including ____ in his diet,because it is a good source of heme iron.

A)liver
B)spinach
C)yogurt
D)tea

Question 67

_____ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

A)Thyroxin
B)Phytic acid
C)Myoglobin
D)Hemoglobin

Question 68

Which of the following blood pressure values is normal?

A)117/69 mm Hg
B)145/60 mm Hg
C)80/120 mm Hg
D)70/120 mm Hg

Question 69

_____ must be added to grains during the enrichment process.

A)Zinc
B)Iron
C)Magnesium
D)Calcium

Question 70

____ is a rich source of heme iron.

A)Corn oil margarine
B)Fresh broccoli
C)Beef steak
D)Fat-free milk

Question 71

Which of the following foods contains a lot of nonheme iron,but very little of the mineral is absorbed by the human intestinal tract?

A)spinach
B)red meat
C)liver
D)whole milk

Question 72

____ is a major risk factor for hypertension.

A)Being underweight
B)Smoking cigarettes
C)Having Asian ancestry
D)Consuming a potassium-rich diet

Question 73

_____ is the iron-containing protein in muscle tissue that controls the cells' uptake of oxygen from red blood cells.

A)Thyroxin
B)Phytic acid
C)Myoglobin
D)Hemoglobin

Question 74

Which of the following foods is a good source of potassium?

A)catsup
B)banana
C)hot dog
D)cured ham

Question 75

The prevalence of _____ tends to be higher in populations that consume diets rich in sodium.

A)goiter
B)hypertension
C)fluorosis
D)diabetes

Question 76

Which of the following foods is low in sodium and high in potassium?

A)dill pickles
B)orange juice
C)soy sauce
D)canned soup

Question 77

In the United States,_____ have a high risk of hypertension.

A)college-age non-Hispanic white females who do not drink alcohol
B)young,physically active non-Hispanic white males
C)African Americans
D)teens who consume large amounts of fruit

Question 78

Ricky has prehypertension,because his blood pressure readings are consistently around

A)90/120 mm Hg.
B)117/65 mm Hg.
C)128/88 mm Hg.
D)142/92 mm Hg.

Question 79

Emma consumes dairy products,but she does not eat meat,fish,eggs or poultry.She eats some vegetables and fruits,but she avoids beans,breads and cereal products.Based on this information,her diet lacks adequate

A)calcium.
B)potassium.
C)magnesium.
D)iron.

Question 80

In the United States,_____ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency.

A)selenium
B)iron
C)calcium
D)magnesium