Deck 8: Vitamins: Nutrients That Multitask

Question 1

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

A)The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins.
B)In general,excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
C)The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins.
D)In general,water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

A)Vitamin D,A,and E
B)Thiamin,vitamin K,and niacin
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin C,and thiamin
D)Vitamin A,riboflavin,and vitamin C

Answer 2

C

Question 3

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin
B)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin E,and choline
D)Vitamins K,D,and A

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin
B)Vitamins K,E,and D
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin A,and choline
D)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E

Question 5

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Vitamin B-6
B)Thiamin
C)Vitamin D
D)Choline

Question 6

A researcher has isolated an organic,water-soluble chemical from roses.After performing tests,the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells,but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors.Based on this information,the researcher may have discovered a (an)

A)antioxidant.
B)amino acid.
C)teratogen.
D)free radical.

Question 7

The body can store large amounts of

A)vitamin
B)riboflavin.
C)thiamin.
D)vitamin B-12.

Question 8

The human body can absorb some of the _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

A)vitamin K
B)riboflavin
C)thiamin
D)vitamin A

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram.
B)The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins.
C)Foods generally contain much smaller amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates.
D)Most vitamins can be made by the human body.

Question 10

A(An)_____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

A)coenzyme
B)free radical
C)antioxidant
D)intrinsic factor

Question 11

Damon has a chronic illness,and to treat the condition,he takes an antibiotic every day.Despite his illness,Damon's diet is nutritionally adequate,and he exercises regularly.Based on this information,Damon may need to

A)reduce his protein intake.
B)eat more vitamin-C rich foods.
C)take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin K.
D)consume fewer foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 12

______ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells.

A)Carcinogens
B)Coenzymes
C)Antioxidants
D)Megadoses

Question 13

A(An)_____ is a chemically unstable substance that can damage vulnerable molecules,such as DNA.

A)intrinsic factor
B)free radical
C)coenzyme
D)carotenoid

Question 14

The human body can absorb some _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

A)vitamin C
B)riboflavin
C)biotin
D)beta-carotene

Question 15

Which of the following substances enhances fat-soluble vitamin absorption in the small intestine?

A)bile
B)hydrochloric acid
C)pepsin
D)pancreatic amylase

Question 16

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A)Vitamins D and E
B)Niacin and thiamin
C)Pantothenic acid and vitamin A
D)Vitamins B-12 and B-6

Question 17

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

A)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin
B)Vitamins K,D,and E
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin A,and choline
D)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about vitamins?

A)Vitamins do not occur naturally in foods.
B)Compared to proteins and carbohydrates,your body requires very small quantities of vitamins.
C)Vitamins are safe to consume,so you should consider taking megadoses of the micronutrients to achieve optimal health.
D)Thiamin,riboflavin,and pantothenic acid are fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 19

Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin?

A)collagen
B)biotin
C)beta-carotene
D)alpha-tocopherol

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Vitamins are organic micronutrients.
B)Your body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins.
C)Foods generally supply larger amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates.
D)Vitamins D and A are water soluble.

Question 21

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells.

A)B-6
B)A
C)B-12
D)K

Question 22

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is

A)night blindness.
B)headaches.
C)hair loss.
D)swollen tongue.

Question 23

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?

A)fresh fruits
B)fortified milk
C)enriched breads
D)deli meats

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Excessive intakes of vitamin A are toxic.
B)Vitamins are inorganic substances that the body requires in gram amounts.
C)B vitamins are a source of energy for cellular activity.
D)Poor vision in dim light is an early symptom of vitamin E deficiency.

Question 25

In underdeveloped countries,severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of

A)spina bifida.
B)megaloblastic anemia.
C)blindness.
D)beriberi.

Question 26

To conserve the vitamin content of foods,

A)cook slowly in large amounts of water.
B)add fat to vegetables during the cooking process.
C)store in warm conditions,and expose to sunlight and air.
D)Steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked.

Question 27

Which of the following vitamins acts as a hormone in the human body?

A)C
B)niacin
C)riboflavin
D)D

Question 28

Which of the following foods provides the most beta-carotene per serving?

A)celery
B)peach
C)chicken
D)mushrooms

Question 29

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Vitamin B-6
B)Pantothenic acid
C)Vitamin D
D)Riboflavin

Question 30

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Niacin
B)Pantothenic acid
C)Vitamin D
D)Vitamin B-6

Question 31

Vitamin A is necessary for the

A)function of rods and cones in the retina.
B)production of carcinogens in the liver.
C)transfer of homocysteine into proteins.
D)breakdown of collagen in the small intestine.

Question 32

In the body,vitamin A helps

A)reduce collagen synthesis.
B)insulin enter cells.
C)maintain epithelial cells.
D)the small intestine absorb calcium and phosphorus.

Question 33

Which of the following foods is a rich dietary source of beta-carotene?

A)pumpkin pie
B)canned salmon
C)sliced ham
D)baked chicken

Question 34

Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots,peaches,apricots,and green beans.Recently,her skin turned yellow.Based on this information,Melanie has developed

A)carotenemia.
B)kidney failure.
C)pernicious anemia.
D)rickets.

Question 35

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?

A)C
B)B-12
C)D
D)E

Question 36

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

A)water
B)wine
C)oil
D)sugar

Question 37

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

A)stir-frying in a small amount of oil
B)boiling in a saucepan of water
C)steaming in a vegetable steamer
D)microwaving in little or no water

Question 38

Which of the following vitamins is a teratogen when consumed in excess?

A)pantothenic acid
B)vitamin B-12
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin A

Question 39

The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body.

A)large intestine
B)stomach
C)pancreas
D)small intestine

Question 40

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

A)Fatty fish and fish oils
B)Dark orange and yellow vegetables
C)Whole-grain breads and cereals
D)All of these are correct.

Question 41

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

A)safflower oil
B)sunflower seeds
C)ground beef
D)olive oil

Question 42

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism?

A)ascorbic acid
B)niacin
C)A
D)K

Question 43

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty.She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils.Her usual diet is comprised of legumes,small amounts of yogurt,whole-grain breads and rice,fruits,and a few vegetables.Based on this information,Jameela is most at risk of

A)pellagra.
B)beriberi.
C)scurvy.
D)osteomalacia.

Question 44

Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

A)B-12
B)E
C)D
D)K

Question 45

Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in

A)deposition of calcium in soft tissues.
B)increased blood clot formation.
C)megaloblastic anemia.
D)no particular health problems,because the vitamin is rapidly excreted in urine.

Question 46

Vitamin D helps the body absorb

A)iron and copper.
B)sodium and potassium.
C)phosphorus and calcium.
D)magnesium and iodine.

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Excessive intakes of vitamin D cause rickets in children.
B)Skin can form previtamin D after being exposed to sunlight.
C)Pellagra is the vitamin D deficiency disorder in adults.
D)Hair loss is the primary sign of vitamin D deficiency.

Question 48

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that directly participates in energy metabolism?

A)folate
B)K
C)riboflavin
D)A

Question 49

B vitamins function as

A)parts of coenzymes.
B)hormones.
C)chemical messengers.
D)structural components of body cells.

Question 50

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism?

A)thiamin
B)E
C)A
D)D

Question 51

The human body needs vitamin K to

A)absorb phosphorus from foods.
B)release the energy stored in glucose.
C)make DNA.
D)produce blood clotting factors.

Question 52

The liver needs _____ to make certain blood clotting factors.

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin K
C)homocysteine
D)riboflavin

Question 53

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin K?

A)enriched hamburger buns
B)fresh ground beef
C)soybean oil
D)fresh peaches

Question 54

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin E?

A)safflower oil
B)fat-free milk
C)ground beef
D)white bread

Question 55

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

A)green leafy vegetables
B)enriched breads
C)deli meats
D)citrus fruits

Question 56

_____ is a sign of vitamin E deficiency in humans.

A)Edema
B)Diarrhea
C)Irritability
D)Hemolysis

Question 57

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin E?

A)sunflower seeds
B)fat-free milk
C)ground beef
D)fresh apples

Question 58

____ is the only form of vitamin E that your body uses.

A)Alpha-tocopherol
B)Ascorbic acid
C)Retinol
D)Beta-carotene

Question 59

In the United States,newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____.

A)vitamin K; bleeding
B)vitamin C; collagen breakdown
C)niacin; pellagra
D)thiamin; beriberi

Question 60

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin K?

A)enriched breads
B)spinach salad
C)roast chicken
D)citrus fruit

Question 61

Humans need vitamin B-6 for

A)magnesium absorption.
B)vitamin C synthesis.
C)carbohydrate excretion.
D)amino acid metabolism.

Question 62

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include

A)heartburn.
B)weak bones.
C)dermatitis.
D)night blindness.

Question 63

Exposing milk to light can reduce its _____ content.

A)thiamin
B)riboflavin
C)niacin
D)vitamin D

Question 64

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)thiamin
B)niacin
C)A
D)riboflavin

Question 65

Libby wants to have a birthday party for her 5-year old daughter and several of the child's friends.She plans to serve cake,ice cream,and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon.To conserve vitamins in the milk,Libby should

A)add a teaspoon of baking soda and chocolate syrup to it.
B)pour the milk into a clear glass container and place it on the picnic table.
C)heat the milk to the boiling point,and let it cool before serving it.
D)keep the milk in the refrigerator until it's time to serve it.

Question 66

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include

A)diarrhea.
B)dry cough.
C)edema.
D)night blindness.

Question 67

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that

A)metabolizes vitamin
B)protects fatty acids from oxidation.
C)helps form DNA.
D)transmits nervous impulses.

Question 68

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are good sources of riboflavin?

A)fruits
B)vegetables
C)dairy
D)oils

Question 69

Which of the following foods is a rich source of riboflavin?

A)fresh tomatoes
B)corn oil
C)fat-free milk
D)canned peaches

Question 70

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include

A)heartburn.
B)weak bones.
C)dementia.
D)night blindness.

Question 71

Becky's 2-year old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida.To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect,Becky should

A)consume green leafy vegetables,drink orange juice,and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant.
B)eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week,take vitamin A and D supplements and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy.
C)take pantothenic acid,B-6,and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant.
D)take iron,zinc,and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy,then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of pregnancy.

Question 72

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome.A few months ago,he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6,when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder.Today,Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady.Based on this information,Sean should

A)continue taking the megadoses of vitamin B-6,because his body needs more time to heal.
B)discontinue taking vitamin B-6,because his body does not require the micronutrient.
C)increase his vitamin B-6 intake,because the numbness and unsteadiness are signs that the treatment is working.
D)stop taking vitamin B-6,because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity.

Question 73

Ronald has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing homocysteine to methionine.His physician may recommend vitamin _____ supplements to help Ronald's body metabolize homocysteine.

A)B-6
B)A
C)C
D)D

Question 74

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health.After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class,which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?

A)Vitamin B-6 is the least toxic of the B vitamins.
B)Megadoses of vitamin B-6 can result in calcification of soft tissues.
C)Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.
D)Women who take megadoses of vitamin B-6 are healthier than those who do not take such high doses of the vitamin.

Question 75

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are good sources of riboflavin?

A)grains
B)vegetables
C)fruit
D)oils

Question 76

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of

A)vitamin B-12.
B)iron.
C)thiamin.
D)folate.

Question 77

Which of the following foods is a good source of thiamin?

A)whole milk
B)fresh spinach
C)enriched bread
D)iceberg lettuce

Question 78

Which of the following foods is a rich source of thiamin?

A)wheat germ
B)smoked fish
C)canned peaches
D)fat-free milk

Question 79

Which of the following vitamins plays a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)A
B)K
C)C
D)riboflavin

Question 80

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)thiamin
B)niacin
C)folate
D)riboflavin