Deck 8: Securing the Republic, 1791-1815

Question 1

Embargo Act-Ograbme (1807)
Alexander Anderson

The foreign policy action depicted in this cartoon led to what outcome?

A) The United States went to war against England.
B) The New England Federalists declined until the party eventually died out.
C) Federalists engaged in an overthrow of government.
D) The United States increased its trade with countries other than England and France.

Answer 1

The New England Federalists declined until the party eventually died out.

Question 2

Battle Cry of the War Hawks (1811)
Felix Grundy
What, Mr. Speaker, are we now called on to decide? It is, whether we will resist by force the attempt, made by [the British] Government, to subject our maritime rights to the arbitrary and capricious rule of her will; for my part I am not prepared to say that this country shall submit to have her commerce interdicted or regulated, by any foreign nation. Sir, I prefer war to submission.
Over and above these unjust pretensions of the British Government, for many years past they have been in the practice of impressing our seamen, from merchant vessels; this unjust and lawless invasion of personal liberty, calls loudly for the interposition of this Government. . . .
This war, if carried on successfully, will have its advantages. We shall drive the British from our Continent-they will no longer have an opportunity of intriguing with our Indian neighbors, and setting on the ruthless savage to tomahawk our women and children. . . . I am willing to receive the Canadians as adopted brethren; it will have beneficial political effects; it will preserve the equilibrium of the Government. When Louisiana shall be fully peopled, the Northern States will lose their power; they will be at the discretion of others; they can be depressed at pleasure, and then this Union might be endangered-I therefore feel anxious not only to add the Floridas to the South, but the Canadas to the North of this empire. . . .
The strongest opposition to the demands of the War Hawks came from

A) Federalists, who had strong trade ties to Britain.
B) western representatives who feared Indian battles in their states.
C) Jeffersonians, who did not want to be dragged into a foreign conflict.
D) states' rights advocates who believed that the burden of war did not reflect states' interests equally.

Answer 2

Federalists, who had strong trade ties to Britain.

Question 3

When looking at today's United States economically, whose visions and ideas seem to have become the most realized?

A) Alexander Hamilton's ideas on government subsidies for businesses.
B) Thomas Jefferson's promotion of America being mostly a nation of small farmers.
C) John Adams's support of the Alien and Sedition Acts.
D) James Madison's lack of support for commercial capitalism.

Answer 3

Alexander Hamilton's ideas on government subsidies for businesses.

Question 4

Farewell Address (1796)
George Washington
The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. . . .
If we remain one people under an efficient government, the period is not far off when we may defy material injury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected; when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel. . . .
It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to existing engagements.
When George Washington took office as the first president of the United States, American leaders believed that the new nation's success depended on:

A) creating political parties as a means of channeling the people's passions.
B) maintaining political harmony.
C) protecting all forms of freedom.
D) Washington's willingness to serve until he died.

Question 5

Embargo Act-Ograbme (1807)
Alexander Anderson

This cartoon represents the view that New England's foreign trade was

A) being replaced by increased domestic trade.
B) severely hampered by Jefferson's foreign policy.
C) targeted by Jefferson's attempt to destroy the Federalist Party.
D) still able to flourish through smuggling.

Question 6

Farewell Address (1796)
George Washington
The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. . . .
If we remain one people under an efficient government, the period is not far off when we may defy material injury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected; when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel. . . .
It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to existing engagements.
The concerns that Washington expresses in this excerpt are supported by the fact that

A) secret agreements were being made to draw the United States into war.
B) Edmond Genet was exploiting the United States' alliance with France.
C) the XYZ Affair threatened the neutrality of the United States.
D) Britain and France were engaging in the impressment of American sailors.

Question 7

Battle Cry of the War Hawks (1811)
Felix Grundy
What, Mr. Speaker, are we now called on to decide? It is, whether we will resist by force the attempt, made by [the British] Government, to subject our maritime rights to the arbitrary and capricious rule of her will; for my part I am not prepared to say that this country shall submit to have her commerce interdicted or regulated, by any foreign nation. Sir, I prefer war to submission.
Over and above these unjust pretensions of the British Government, for many years past they have been in the practice of impressing our seamen, from merchant vessels; this unjust and lawless invasion of personal liberty, calls loudly for the interposition of this Government. . . .
This war, if carried on successfully, will have its advantages. We shall drive the British from our Continent-they will no longer have an opportunity of intriguing with our Indian neighbors, and setting on the ruthless savage to tomahawk our women and children. . . . I am willing to receive the Canadians as adopted brethren; it will have beneficial political effects; it will preserve the equilibrium of the Government. When Louisiana shall be fully peopled, the Northern States will lose their power; they will be at the discretion of others; they can be depressed at pleasure, and then this Union might be endangered-I therefore feel anxious not only to add the Floridas to the South, but the Canadas to the North of this empire. . . .
A successful outcome from the decision made by this Congress was the

A) elimination of Spain from North America.
B) elimination of both British impressments and Indian hostilities.
C) acquisition of Florida.
D) removal of Indians from southeastern states.

Question 8

Embargo Act-Ograbme (1807)
Alexander Anderson

In passing the legislation criticized in this cartoon, Jefferson's primary intention was to

A) foster domestic manufacturing.
B) repay Napoleon's gesture of selling the United States the Louisiana Territory.
C) prevent England and France from drawing the United States into war over impressments.
D) increase trade among the regions of the United States.

Question 9

Battle Cry of the War Hawks (1811)
Felix Grundy
What, Mr. Speaker, are we now called on to decide? It is, whether we will resist by force the attempt, made by [the British] Government, to subject our maritime rights to the arbitrary and capricious rule of her will; for my part I am not prepared to say that this country shall submit to have her commerce interdicted or regulated, by any foreign nation. Sir, I prefer war to submission.
Over and above these unjust pretensions of the British Government, for many years past they have been in the practice of impressing our seamen, from merchant vessels; this unjust and lawless invasion of personal liberty, calls loudly for the interposition of this Government. . . .
This war, if carried on successfully, will have its advantages. We shall drive the British from our Continent-they will no longer have an opportunity of intriguing with our Indian neighbors, and setting on the ruthless savage to tomahawk our women and children. . . . I am willing to receive the Canadians as adopted brethren; it will have beneficial political effects; it will preserve the equilibrium of the Government. When Louisiana shall be fully peopled, the Northern States will lose their power; they will be at the discretion of others; they can be depressed at pleasure, and then this Union might be endangered-I therefore feel anxious not only to add the Floridas to the South, but the Canadas to the North of this empire. . . .
Congress's decision on the issue described in the excerpt resulted in

A) an alliance with France.
B) acquisition of territory to the north and south.
C) declaration of war against Great Britain.
D) neutrality in the conflict between Britain and France.

Question 10

With regard to Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson's debates in the 1790s, what aspect of their differences in opinion can still be seen in today's United States?

A) Whether foreign policy in the United States should favor Great Britain or France.
B) Whether alcohol should be taxed.
C) Whether the United States should remain a nation of mostly farmers.
D) Whether the Constitution should be interpreted strictly or loosely.

Question 11

Pierre Charles L'Enfant is well known for:

A) leading a slave rebellion in Saint Domingue.
B) designing Washington, D.C.
C) masterminding the XYZ affair.
D) negotiating the Louisiana Purchase.

Question 12

How did Americans respond to the French Revolution?

A) Almost everyone supported it at first, because the French seemed to be following in the footsteps of Americans.
B) Hamilton supported the creation of a standing army to prepare the nation should French radicalism spread across the Atlantic.
C) Opponents of the French Revolution formed the Republican Party, headed by Thomas Jefferson.
D) They blocked passage of Jay's Treaty, which showed preference for Great Britain.

Question 13

Which of the following was part of Alexander Hamilton's financial program?

A) Paying off all the new national debt.
B) The Bank of the United States, modeled on the Bank of England.
C) A tax on wine producers as a means of raising revenue.
D) Taxes and subsidies to promote the growth of cotton.

Question 14

Farewell Address (1796)
George Washington
The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. . . .
If we remain one people under an efficient government, the period is not far off when we may defy material injury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected; when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel. . . .
It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to existing engagements.
Which of the following is an example of the ways in which the warnings in Washington's message came to be a reality?

A) The United States avoided permanent alliances.
B) The United States declined to trade with other nations.
C) The United States began more diplomatic relations abroad.
D) The United States favored Great Britain over France in foreign policy.

Question 15

Farewell Address (1796)
George Washington
The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. . . .
If we remain one people under an efficient government, the period is not far off when we may defy material injury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected; when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel. . . .
It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to existing engagements.
Foreign policy actions of the administrations of George Washington and John Adams

A) were bound by treaty with France and prevented diplomatic relations with England.
B) were widely accepted by both parties.
C) maintained official neutrality and avoided being drawn into war.
D) tended to side with England, putting the United States on the verge of war.

Question 16

Alexander Hamilton's long-term goal was to:

A) build up the Republican Party's political power.
B) assure that the United States would be a primarily agrarian nation.
C) promote the power of state governments.
D) make the United States a major commercial and military power.

Question 17

Which of the following was an objection raised by critics of Hamilton's proposals?

A) Hamilton's plan for bonds was not doing enough to help speculators invest.
B) A whiskey tax would lead to prohibition of alcohol.
C) The proposals would do virtually nothing to aid in the development of manufacturing.
D) Hamilton's program would create a corrupt alliance between government and large commercial interests.

Question 18

Opponents of Hamilton's economic plan:

A) included George Washington.
B) were mostly northerners who had supported ratification of the Constitution.
C) believed future growth was to be found through close ties with Britain.
D) agreed to a compromise that included placing the national capital in the South.

Question 19

Benjamin Banneker was:

A) a scientist who helped survey the new national capital.
B) congressional leader of the opposition to Hamilton in the early 1790s.
C) the secretary of war who publicly disagreed with Washington over Indian policy.
D) an African-American slave whose capture inspired the Fugitive Slave Law.

Question 20

"Strict constructionists" believed that:

A) Jay's Treaty should be construed or interpreted to put more restrictions on Indians.
B) freedom of speech and of the press should be restricted if the president believed that to be necessary.
C) the federal government could only exercise powers specifically listed in the Constitution.
D) the "general welfare" clause of the Constitution gave the federal government power to create a national bank.

Question 21

Which international partner did Alexander Hamilton think most important for the survival and prosperity of the United States?

A) The British.
B) The Spanish.
C) The French.
D) The West Indians.

Question 22

The "quasi-war" was a war of the United States against:

A) England.
B) Spain.
C) the Netherlands.
D) France.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of women and political life in the new republic of the 1790s?

A) The use of the word "male" in various provisions of the Constitution of 1787 excluded women from any role in politics.
B) Women, unlike white men and male African-American slaves, were specifically not counted in determining congressional representation.
C) Some women contributed to a growing democratization of political life by arguing for increased rights for their sex.
D) By 1799, women actually gained the right to vote, but not the right to hold office, in four New England states and in Pennsylvania.

Question 24

What aspect of Jay's Treaty was true?

A) The United States attacked British forts, resulting in damage claims.
B) The United States lost interest in the British forts in the Midwest.
C) The United States was prepared to respect all Native American claims to western land.
D) The United States was not prepared to fight militarily against Great Britain.

Question 25

The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were a response to:

A) the election of 1800.
B) Hamilton's economic plan.
C) the Alien and Sedition Acts.
D) Fries's Rebellion.

Question 26

Which of the following is true of the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794?

A) The "rebels" largely blamed the Republican Party for their troubles.
B) The Rebellion ended after a battle in which the "rebel" leader, Rufus King, was killed.
C) It represented the first major challenge to the administration of President John Adams.
D) It was the only time in U.S. history that the president commanded an army in the field.

Question 27

Which of the following led directly to the formation of an organized political party opposed to the Federalist Party?

A) The Hamilton-Burr duel.
B) The election of 1800.
C) Jay's Treaty.
D) The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

Question 28

Fries's Rebellion:

A) was an uprising in Massachusetts.
B) was provoked because of heavy taxes on whiskey.
C) resulted in over 300 deaths and much property destruction.
D) resulted in a loss of support for Federalists in southeastern Pennsylvania.

Question 29

What happened to King Louis XVI during the French Revolution?

A) He abdicated the throne and moved to Switzerland.
B) He successfully fled to Austria with his wife.
C) He ruled as a less powerful constitutional monarch after the Revolution.
D) He was executed.

Question 30

Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman:

A) was the first pamphlet published in the United States by an American woman.
B) was inspired by Thomas Paine's Rights of Man.
C) won strong support from the Federalist Party.
D) strongly challenged traditional gender roles.

Question 31

What did Jefferson fear with the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts?

A) There would be a war against an angry France.
B) War would be declared against England.
C) Immigrants would keep coming to the United States.
D) A hysteria like the Salem witch trials would result.

Question 32

Edmond-Charles Genêt was a French diplomat who:

A) was also a British spy, which led to his arrest in the United States.
B) commissioned American ships to fight the British.
C) sought refuge in America as soon as the French Revolution began in 1789.
D) became a key adviser to President Washington on European affairs.

Question 33

The Democratic-Republican Societies of the 1790s:

A) criticized the Washington administration.
B) spoke out against the French Revolution.
C) formed only about a dozen chapters in various cities.
D) strongly supported Hamilton's economic program.

Question 34

Which of the following was true of the United States in 1797?

A) The two political parties were divided on the role of the government.
B) The Federalists dominated the South and Republicans controlled New England.
C) England respected American neutrality in regard to the war in Europe.
D) John Adams was willing to use the ideas of Thomas Jefferson.

Question 35

In the late eighteenth century, what activity would Judith Sargent Murray have praised?

A) Women joining a sewing group.
B) Men meeting at the town council to create a public school.
C) Boys being groomed to be future leaders.
D) Girls being given the chance to attend college.

Question 36

What was one difference between Shays's Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion?

A) Shays's dealt with unhappy farmers; the Whiskey event involved numerous drunks.
B) Shays's required national troops to be sent in, but the Whiskey Rebellion involved no military.
C) Shays's was put down by a state government; the Whiskey event required the national government to get involved.
D) The Whiskey Rebellion involved violence, but Shays's was peaceful protests.

Question 37

The 1796 election pitted John Adams and Thomas Pinckney against:

A) James Madison and John Marshall.
B) Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.
C) Aaron Burr and John Jay.
D) Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

Question 38

The French Revolution:

A) was very conservative compared to the American Revolution.
B) reinforced the Republicans' sympathy toward the French.
C) brought American troops to France to fight for liberty.
D) had very little impact on American foreign policy.

Question 39

What activity in today's world would the Democratic-Republic societies most likely praise?

A) A militia group patrolling the American borders.
B) A cable news show debating American government policy.
C) The American government supporting a dictator in order to trade for more oil.
D) The police preventing television coverage of its response to a riot.

Question 40

The Sedition Act targeted:

A) Alexander Hamilton's economic ideas.
B) Federalists.
C) the Republican press.
D) illegal immigrants.

Question 41

The Sedition Act of 1798:

A) targeted recent arrivals to the United States.
B) led to the jailing of Federalist editors.
C) was more stringent and oppressive than similar laws in Europe.
D) led Jefferson to argue that states, not the federal government, could punish seditious speech.

Question 42

Jefferson's Embargo Act:

A) was successful in restoring freedom of the seas.
B) caused economic depression within the United States.
C) severely hurt the economies of France and England.
D) provoked war with France.

Question 43

What was a great irony of the election of 1800?

A) Alexander Hamilton advocated Thomas Jefferson.
B) The House of Representatives had to pick the winner.
C) The Democratic-Republicans won their first election.
D) George Washington was not alive to see the results.

Question 44

After becoming president, how did Thomas Jefferson deal with the Federalists?

A) He followed through on his inauguration speech's statement ("We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists") and treated them as equals.
B) He courted their support because he knew he could never win approval for his policies without them.
C) He tried to roll back almost everything they had done by cutting taxes and the size of government.
D) Until just before leaving office, he used the Sedition Act to shut down Federalist newspapers critical of his administration.

Question 45

The land involved in the Louisiana Purchase:

A) had been claimed by France from the 1600s until the United States acquired it.
B) included all of what is now Texas and the American Southwest.
C) was considered by Jefferson to be practically worthless, yet he did not want it to fall into British hands.
D) stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.

Question 46

Toussaint L'Ouverture led a slave revolt that eventually created what nation?

A) Mexico.
B) Cuba.
C) Haiti.
D) Jamaica.

Question 47

Which of the following is true about the expedition of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark?

A) They slaughtered two different Indian tribes.
B) They met are isolated Indian tribe west of the Mississippi.
C) Clark ended up staying in Montana to live with Indians on a permanent basis.
D) They brought back numerous plant and animal specimens.

Question 48

What was the significance of the case of Marbury v. Madison?

A) It was John Marshall's first case as chief justice.
B) The Supreme Court asserted the power of judicial review.
C) The Supreme Court declared that presidential power was greater than congressional power.
D) The decision gave states important new powers to block a too-powerful federal government.

Question 49

Why did Thomas Jefferson call the Election of 1800 the "Revolution of 1800"?

A) He was willing to let John Adams remain as president.
B) He wanted to use force to maintain his victory in the election.
C) He was voicing criticism of Aaron Burr's actions in the West.
D) He was talking about freedom that secured America's independence.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true of New Orleans under Spanish rule?

A) Men and women enjoyed complete legal equality, which was unheard of in the United States.
B) Slavery was illegal.
C) Slave women had the right to go to court for protection against cruelty or rape by their owners.
D) An owner could not free his or her slaves without special permission from the Spanish monarch.

Question 51

Why did Jefferson use the U.S. navy against North African states?

A) The Barbary pirates held American merchant ships hostage, and Jefferson sent in the navy rather than pay the ransom.
B) Jefferson wanted to disarm the pasha of Tripoli, who had gathered weapons he planned to use against the United States.
C) Plantation owners wanted to import more Africans before the international slave trade became illegal in 1808, and they needed American firepower to help them do it.
D) Tripoli had declared war on the United States after Jefferson refused demands for increased payments to the Barbary pirates.

Question 52

Who wrote a petition to Congress as the president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, calling for the end of slavery?

A) Mathew Lyon.
B) Benjamin Franklin.
C) Sarah Morton.
D) Mary Wollstonecraft.

Question 53

Gabriel's Rebellion:

A) was doomed to fail because the African-American population of Richmond was so small.
B) demonstrated that the slaves were as aware of the idea of liberty as anyone else.
C) inspired Virginia to adopt a gradual emancipation law in 1803.
D) failed partly because its leaders were plantation slaves, who had less contact with the outside world and were unaware of how little support they enjoyed.

Question 54

Whether in the Caribbean or in mainland North America, what was an essential ingredient to fomenting a slave rebellion?

A) Money.
B) Help from Native Americans.
C) The literacy of slave leaders.
D) The backing of politicians.

Question 55

Which of the following is true of the American response to Toussaint L'Ouverture's slave uprising?

A) John Adams opposed it because it was a threat to the established order.
B) Thomas Jefferson welcomed Haitian independence as another example of what he had advocated in the Declaration of Independence.
C) Most white Americans were glad to see France, which had turned politically radical, suffer the loss of Haiti.
D) Many white Americans considered L'Ouverture's uprising to be evidence of blacks' unfitness for republican freedom.

Question 56

Sacajawea was:

A) an elderly Indian woman whom Lewis and Clark enslaved during their journey.
B) born to a French-Canadian fur trapper and his native wife during Lewis and Clark's journey.
C) a guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition.
D) the only member of the Lewis and Clark expedition to return safely to St. Louis.

Question 57

What was the Embargo Act of 1807?

A) It banned trade with Indians due to attacks on American settlers in the West.
B) The act passed despite opposition from President Thomas Jefferson.
C) This policy hurt Great Britain more than it did American merchants.
D) Through Jefferson's urging, Americans were prohibited from sending ships to foreign ports.

Question 58

In its decision in the case of Fletcher v. Peck, the U.S. Supreme Court:

A) exercised the authority to overturn a state law that the Court considered to be in violation of the U.S. Constitution.
B) declared that corruption involved in the making of a law automatically invalidated that law.
C) held that slaves who ran away from their masters had to be returned to them, even if the slaves had gone to a free state.
D) asserted that political parties were constitutional even though they were not mentioned in the 1787 document.

Question 59

Thomas Jefferson's original Kentucky resolution served as an argument for what?

A) Freedom of religion.
B) States' rights.
C) The right to bear arms.
D) Immigration reform.

Question 60

Which of the following is true of the Louisiana Purchase?

A) The slave rebellion in Haiti almost persuaded Napoleon to keep Louisiana as a base from which to attack the island if necessary.
B) France had guaranteed the United States commercial access to New Orleans, but Jefferson feared that a British victory over France would deprive the United States of that access.
C) Jefferson believed that the Constitution explicitly and fully authorized this land deal.
D) Jefferson expected the land acquisition to make possible the spread of agrarian republicanism.

Question 61

Who wrote that he hoped that the purchase of Louisiana would lead to the transplanting of all the Indians from east of the Mississippi to west of the Mississippi?

A) Andrew Jackson.
B) Thomas Jefferson.
C) George Washington.
D) William Henry Harrison.

Question 62

Why did the United States become a one-party nation following the War of 1812?

A) The Republicans were blamed for the British victory in Washington, D.C., and therefore lost power.
B) The Hartford Convention's allegedly treasonous activities fatally damaged the Federalist Party's reputation.
C) Under the Alien and Sedition Acts, Madison was able to silence all opposition.
D) James Monroe's universal popularity as a hero of the War of 1812 made his Republican Party unbeatable.

Question 63

The treaty that ended the War of 1812:

A) gave the United States large tracts of land in the West.
B) gave Canada the option of joining the United States.
C) was a humiliating treaty for Britain.
D) restored the prewar status quo.

Question 64

Which of the following contributed to the United States going to war in 1812?

A) Madison's refusal to support Macon's Bill no. 2.
B) Great Britain's announcement that it would end the impressment of American sailors.
C) Congressional War Hawks who pressed for territorial expansion into Florida and Canada.
D) Tecumseh's victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Question 65

Which policy or action showed Jefferson contradicting his own philosophy on government?

A) Jefferson's advocacy for the Embargo Act.
B) Jefferson's cutting funding for the military.
C) Jefferson's paying down the national debt.
D) Jefferson's ending most taxes.

Question 66

In regard to Canada, what was a result of the War of 1812?

A) Americans became more interested in territory in the West as opposed to Canada.
B) Both the British and Americans awarded land to Indians along the Canadian-United States border.
C) The Canadians built a wall along their border with the United States to prevent more American invasions.
D) The American government coordinated a plan with France to gain more Canadian territory, but it failed.

Question 67

What was the overall effect of the American invasions of Canada in 1775 and during the War of 1812?

A) All trade ceased between the two nations from 1814 to 1848.
B) Many Canadians migrated south into New England.
C) Americans continued to plan ways to gain Canada.
D) Stereotypes developed on both sides that in some form still exist today.

Question 68

The War Hawks in Congress included:

A) Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.
B) John Randolph and Rufus King.
C) Oliver Perry and Francis Scott Key.
D) Andrew Jackson and William H. Harrison.

Question 69

After the War of 1812, Americans were compensated for lost slaves:

A) by an international arbitration agreement decided by the Russian czar.
B) by the Treaty of Ghent.
C) by Canadian towns buying the slaves' freedom.
D) by the slaves purchasing their freedom.

Question 70

Why was the United States unprepared to fight the War of 1812?

A) It did not have an army.
B) It was having to fight both the British and the French.
C) Most Americans in the South and West strongly opposed the war.
D) Without a national bank, the war was difficult to finance.

Question 71

During the War of 1812, America's greatest success in a land battle against the British took place where?

A) New Orleans.
B) Washington, D.C.
C) Pittsburgh.
D) Yorktown.

Question 72

Assess the importance of commercial interests in shaping the new Republic between 1787 and 1800.

Question 73

Explain the factors that led to the development of political parties in the United States between 1789 and 1800.

Question 74

Which of the following was a result of the War of 1812?

A) Madison's Republican Party disappeared as a significant political group.
B) Andrew Jackson was court-martialed for fighting the British after the war ended.
C) Indians lost much of their remaining land and power in the Old Northwest and the South.
D) The United States gained new territory west of the Mississippi River.

Question 75

When Andrew Jackson had the chance to obtain African-American help to fight the British in the Battle of New Orleans, he:

A) refused on the grounds that, as a slaveholder, he could not accept their aid.
B) discovered that all the blacks in New Orleans had left the city to support the British.
C) recruited free men of color and promised them the same pay that white recruits received.
D) accepted only enslaved men, to whom he offered freedom as a form of payment.

Question 76

Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa were brothers who:

A) preached a militant message to Native Americans early in the nineteenth century.
B) were chiefs of adjacent tribes, the Shawnee and the Seneca.
C) fought beside Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans.
D) both died at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Question 77

How do Tenskwatawa and Neolin compare in regard to their philosophies?

A) Both men wanted to reject the white man's culture.
B) Neolin advocated peaceful resistance against the British.
C) Both men wanted to sign treaties with white settlers and share the land.
D) Neolin wanted Native Americans to assimilate and adapt white American culture.

Question 78

Why can a case be made for the War of 1812 actually starting in 1811?

A) News traveled slowly due to limited technology.
B) The British took control of forts in the Midwest.
C) Tecumseh, a Native American chief, was killed in 1811.
D) William Henry Harrison attacked Native American villages in 1811.

Question 79

What happened along the United States-Canadian border during the Embargo Act of 1807?

A) The United States attacked British forts.
B) All trade halted between Americans and Canadians.
C) The smuggling of goods increased along the border.
D) France regained part of Quebec.