Deck 3: Creating Anglo-America, 1660-1750

Question 1

Bacon's Rebellion: The Declaration (1676)
1. For having, upon specious pretenses of public works, raised great unjust taxes upon the commonalty for the advancement of private favorites and other sinister ends, but no visible effects in any measure adequate; for not having, during this long time of his government, in any measure advanced this hopeful colony either by fortifications, towns, or trade. . . .
2. For having wronged his Majesty's prerogative and interest by assuming monopoly of the beaver trade and for having in it unjust gain betrayed and sold his Majesty's country and the lives of his loyal subjects to the barbarous heathen.
3. For having protected, favored, and emboldened the Indians against his Majesty's loyal subjects, never contriving, requiring, or appointing any due or proper means of satisfaction for their many invasions, robberies, and murders committed upon us.
. . . we accuse Sir William Berkeley as guilty . . . and as one who has traitorously attempted, violated, and injured his Majesty's interest here by a loss of a great part of this his colony and many of his faithful loyal subjects by him betrayed and in a barbarous and shameful manner exposed to the incursions and murder of the heathen.
Nathaniel Bacon
General by Consent of the people.
The expression of grievances by Nathaniel Bacon best illustrates the

A) emergence of regional and class tensions in the colonies.
B) development of new labor systems in Virginia.
C) greater religious and independence and diversity in the Chesapeake.
D) British efforts to impose more structure and hierarchy in the South.

Answer 1

emergence of regional and class tensions in the colonies.

Question 2

Virginia Plantation Wharf (1730)

The people shown laboring in the image

A) eventually comprised the majority of the population in the Chesapeake and southern colonies.
B) could do little to resist the oppressive work conditions under which they toiled.
C) grew crops mostly for consumption in the colonies.
D) typically took other jobs with the skills they developed on plantations.

Answer 2

eventually comprised the majority of the population in the Chesapeake and southern colonies.

Question 3

The first English Navigation Act, adopted during the rule of Oliver Cromwell:

A) required the Royal Navy to use only Protestant navigators on its ships.
B) aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.
C) freed England's North American colonies from economic regulations (to stimulate prosperity).
D) added New Netherland to the British empire.

Answer 3

aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.

Question 4

According to the economic theory known as mercantilism:

A) merchants should control the government because they contributed more than others to national wealth.
B) the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.
C) the government should encourage manufacturing and commerce by keeping its hands off of the economy.
D) colonies existed as a place for the mother country to send raw materials to be turned into manufactured goods.

Question 5

Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges and Liberties (1701)
William Penn
KNOW YE THEREFORE, That for the further Well-being and good Government of the said Province, and Territories; and in Pursuance of the Rights and Powers before-mentioned, I the said William Penn do declare, grant and confirm, unto all the Freemen, Planters and Adventurers, and other Inhabitants of this Province and Territories, these following Liberties, Franchises and Privileges . . .
BECAUSE no People can be truly happy, though under the greatest Enjoyment of Civil Liberties . . . I do hereby grant and declare, That no Person or Persons, inhabiting in this Province or Territories, who shall confess and acknowledge One almighty God, the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the World; and profess him or themselves obliged to live quietly under the Civil Government, shall be in any Case molested or prejudiced, in his or their Person or Estate, because of his or their conscientious Persuasion or Practice, nor be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious Worship, Place or Ministry, contrary to his or their Mind, or to do or suffer any other Act or Thing, contrary to their religious Persuasion.
AND that all Persons who also profess to believe in Jesus Christ, the Savior of the World, shall be capable . . . to serve this Government in any Capacity, both legislatively and executively, he or they solemnly promising, when lawfully required, Allegiance to the King as Sovereign, and Fidelity to the Proprietary and Governor . . .
The religious freedom granted in this passage is similar to that of which other colony?

A) Maryland, which provided for religious toleration of all Catholics
B) Massachusetts, where freedom of religious expression was a fundamental value of the colony
C) North Carolina, where irreligious settlers moved due to the lax laws
D) Rhode Island, a colony whose founder also embraced religious toleration

Question 6

Virginia Plantation Wharf (1730)

Why did plantation-based economies, like the one shown in the image, develop in the Chesapeake and southern colonies rather than in the Middle and New England colonies?

A) Slavery was not permitted in the Middle and New England colonies.
B) Rich landowners preferred to live in the Chesapeake and South.
C) There were better port cities in the Chesapeake and South.
D) The climate of the Middle and New England colonies did not support plantation agriculture.

Question 7

Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges and Liberties (1701)
William Penn
KNOW YE THEREFORE, That for the further Well-being and good Government of the said Province, and Territories; and in Pursuance of the Rights and Powers before-mentioned, I the said William Penn do declare, grant and confirm, unto all the Freemen, Planters and Adventurers, and other Inhabitants of this Province and Territories, these following Liberties, Franchises and Privileges . . .
BECAUSE no People can be truly happy, though under the greatest Enjoyment of Civil Liberties . . . I do hereby grant and declare, That no Person or Persons, inhabiting in this Province or Territories, who shall confess and acknowledge One almighty God, the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the World; and profess him or themselves obliged to live quietly under the Civil Government, shall be in any Case molested or prejudiced, in his or their Person or Estate, because of his or their conscientious Persuasion or Practice, nor be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious Worship, Place or Ministry, contrary to his or their Mind, or to do or suffer any other Act or Thing, contrary to their religious Persuasion.
AND that all Persons who also profess to believe in Jesus Christ, the Savior of the World, shall be capable . . . to serve this Government in any Capacity, both legislatively and executively, he or they solemnly promising, when lawfully required, Allegiance to the King as Sovereign, and Fidelity to the Proprietary and Governor . . .
What was the primary reason that William Penn granted religious freedom in his colony?

A) to antagonize the Puritan New England colonies for expressing disdain for the Quaker religion
B) to encourage settlers to come to his colony
C) to provide a haven for all religions being persecuted in Europe
D) to foster peaceful coexistence with the Native American population in Pennsylvania

Question 8

Virginia Plantation Wharf (1730)

This image reflects the importance of locating plantations

A) in hot climates with no winters.
B) near mansions or castles.
C) with easy access to water transportation.
D) in places where slaves could easily be acquired.

Question 9

Memorial Against Non-English Immigration (1727)
They retire commonly back into the woods amongst or behind the remoter Inhabitants, sometimes purchase land, but often sit down on any piece they find vacant that they Judge convenient for them without asking questions, menacing those afterwards who offer to disturb them in their possessions.
Few of them apply now to be naturalized, nor do those who have been longer in the place commonly prove the wills of their deceased in the public offices, but as they appear to affect neither the English nor their laws or rules, they generally even in these points adhere to their own customs. The part of the country they principally settle in is that towards the French of Canada, whose interest, it may be apprehended, divers of the late comers (since several of them speak their language) would as willingly favour as the English, and it is not doubted, but at this time there are as many of these people in Pennsylvania, as on any quarrel with his Majesties natural subjects, could on a sudden rising with the arms they now have subdue that whole Province. It is hoped therefore that nothing need be added to shew the present necessity of putting a stop to that augmentation of their strength which if not prevented, may even in one year more be depended upon.
The inherent tensions expressed in the Memorial Against Non-English Immigration eventually resulted in

A) the French and Indian War.
B) conflicts with Spain over the abolition of the slave trade.
C) the expropriation of Indian lands after the revolution.
D) the colonial spillover of the French Revolution.

Question 10

What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)?

A) New England's tribes united against the colonists.
B) In the long run, the war produced a broadening of freedom for whites in New England.
C) Native Americans up and down the eastern seaboard began rebelling against colonial rule when they saw what happened to their New England counterparts.
D) Massachusetts banned all Native Americans from living within its borders.

Question 11

Memorial Against Non-English Immigration (1727)
They retire commonly back into the woods amongst or behind the remoter Inhabitants, sometimes purchase land, but often sit down on any piece they find vacant that they Judge convenient for them without asking questions, menacing those afterwards who offer to disturb them in their possessions.
Few of them apply now to be naturalized, nor do those who have been longer in the place commonly prove the wills of their deceased in the public offices, but as they appear to affect neither the English nor their laws or rules, they generally even in these points adhere to their own customs. The part of the country they principally settle in is that towards the French of Canada, whose interest, it may be apprehended, divers of the late comers (since several of them speak their language) would as willingly favour as the English, and it is not doubted, but at this time there are as many of these people in Pennsylvania, as on any quarrel with his Majesties natural subjects, could on a sudden rising with the arms they now have subdue that whole Province. It is hoped therefore that nothing need be added to shew the present necessity of putting a stop to that augmentation of their strength which if not prevented, may even in one year more be depended upon.
British colonial attitudes toward race and ethnicity tended to be

A) less interested in stereotyping immigrants than were colonists in Spanish and French colonies.
B) tolerant primarily of immigrants from Europe, but not from other parts of the world.
C) less accepting of racial gradations than the French and Spanish were.
D) focused largely on the threats immigrants posed to religious harmony in the colonies.

Question 12

Bacon's Rebellion: The Declaration (1676)
1. For having, upon specious pretenses of public works, raised great unjust taxes upon the commonalty for the advancement of private favorites and other sinister ends, but no visible effects in any measure adequate; for not having, during this long time of his government, in any measure advanced this hopeful colony either by fortifications, towns, or trade. . . .
2. For having wronged his Majesty's prerogative and interest by assuming monopoly of the beaver trade and for having in it unjust gain betrayed and sold his Majesty's country and the lives of his loyal subjects to the barbarous heathen.
3. For having protected, favored, and emboldened the Indians against his Majesty's loyal subjects, never contriving, requiring, or appointing any due or proper means of satisfaction for their many invasions, robberies, and murders committed upon us.
. . . we accuse Sir William Berkeley as guilty . . . and as one who has traitorously attempted, violated, and injured his Majesty's interest here by a loss of a great part of this his colony and many of his faithful loyal subjects by him betrayed and in a barbarous and shameful manner exposed to the incursions and murder of the heathen.
Nathaniel Bacon
General by Consent of the people.
According to Bacon, who was most to blame for the unrest?

A) the governor, for disregarding the economic and security concerns of the settlers
B) the Virginia elite, for undermining the economic opportunities of the settlers
C) the Crown, for its policy of salutary neglect
D) the Indians, for their treachery and unwillingness to coexist with the settlers

Question 13

Bacon's Rebellion: The Declaration (1676)
1. For having, upon specious pretenses of public works, raised great unjust taxes upon the commonalty for the advancement of private favorites and other sinister ends, but no visible effects in any measure adequate; for not having, during this long time of his government, in any measure advanced this hopeful colony either by fortifications, towns, or trade. . . .
2. For having wronged his Majesty's prerogative and interest by assuming monopoly of the beaver trade and for having in it unjust gain betrayed and sold his Majesty's country and the lives of his loyal subjects to the barbarous heathen.
3. For having protected, favored, and emboldened the Indians against his Majesty's loyal subjects, never contriving, requiring, or appointing any due or proper means of satisfaction for their many invasions, robberies, and murders committed upon us.
. . . we accuse Sir William Berkeley as guilty . . . and as one who has traitorously attempted, violated, and injured his Majesty's interest here by a loss of a great part of this his colony and many of his faithful loyal subjects by him betrayed and in a barbarous and shameful manner exposed to the incursions and murder of the heathen.
Nathaniel Bacon
General by Consent of the people.
Bacon's Rebellion and the Pueblo Revolt both

A) revealed the potential for Indians and slaves to unite against royal administrators in the colonies.
B) raised questions about the legitimacy of colonial governments.
C) failed due to uncharismatic leadership.
D) resulted in new trading patterns between colonies and European powers.

Question 14

Memorial Against Non-English Immigration (1727)
They retire commonly back into the woods amongst or behind the remoter Inhabitants, sometimes purchase land, but often sit down on any piece they find vacant that they Judge convenient for them without asking questions, menacing those afterwards who offer to disturb them in their possessions.
Few of them apply now to be naturalized, nor do those who have been longer in the place commonly prove the wills of their deceased in the public offices, but as they appear to affect neither the English nor their laws or rules, they generally even in these points adhere to their own customs. The part of the country they principally settle in is that towards the French of Canada, whose interest, it may be apprehended, divers of the late comers (since several of them speak their language) would as willingly favour as the English, and it is not doubted, but at this time there are as many of these people in Pennsylvania, as on any quarrel with his Majesties natural subjects, could on a sudden rising with the arms they now have subdue that whole Province. It is hoped therefore that nothing need be added to shew the present necessity of putting a stop to that augmentation of their strength which if not prevented, may even in one year more be depended upon.
Immigration to the British North American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century

A) strengthened English ideals of democracy in the colonies.
B) created new commercial relationships with European countries.
C) led to conflicts with settlers in Canada.
D) resulted in the formation of new colonial communities.

Question 15

Both King Philip's War and Bacon's Rebellion were conflicts that:

A) Native Americans ultimately won.
B) led to indentured servants gaining more rights.
C) slaves started in hopes of gaining their freedom.
D) started with disputes over Native American territory.

Question 16

Bacon's Rebellion: The Declaration (1676)
1. For having, upon specious pretenses of public works, raised great unjust taxes upon the commonalty for the advancement of private favorites and other sinister ends, but no visible effects in any measure adequate; for not having, during this long time of his government, in any measure advanced this hopeful colony either by fortifications, towns, or trade. . . .
2. For having wronged his Majesty's prerogative and interest by assuming monopoly of the beaver trade and for having in it unjust gain betrayed and sold his Majesty's country and the lives of his loyal subjects to the barbarous heathen.
3. For having protected, favored, and emboldened the Indians against his Majesty's loyal subjects, never contriving, requiring, or appointing any due or proper means of satisfaction for their many invasions, robberies, and murders committed upon us.
. . . we accuse Sir William Berkeley as guilty . . . and as one who has traitorously attempted, violated, and injured his Majesty's interest here by a loss of a great part of this his colony and many of his faithful loyal subjects by him betrayed and in a barbarous and shameful manner exposed to the incursions and murder of the heathen.
Nathaniel Bacon
General by Consent of the people.
After Bacon's Rebellion, how did colonial leaders respond to Bacon's demands?

A) The king recognized the legitimacy of the demands and removed Governor Berkeley.
B) Greater economic opportunities were created for former indentured servants.
C) Parliament acknowledged that settlers in the backcountry needed protection from Indians.
D) Increasingly, plantation owners used African slaves rather than indentured servants for labor.

Question 17

Memorial Against Non-English Immigration (1727)
They retire commonly back into the woods amongst or behind the remoter Inhabitants, sometimes purchase land, but often sit down on any piece they find vacant that they Judge convenient for them without asking questions, menacing those afterwards who offer to disturb them in their possessions.
Few of them apply now to be naturalized, nor do those who have been longer in the place commonly prove the wills of their deceased in the public offices, but as they appear to affect neither the English nor their laws or rules, they generally even in these points adhere to their own customs. The part of the country they principally settle in is that towards the French of Canada, whose interest, it may be apprehended, divers of the late comers (since several of them speak their language) would as willingly favour as the English, and it is not doubted, but at this time there are as many of these people in Pennsylvania, as on any quarrel with his Majesties natural subjects, could on a sudden rising with the arms they now have subdue that whole Province. It is hoped therefore that nothing need be added to shew the present necessity of putting a stop to that augmentation of their strength which if not prevented, may even in one year more be depended upon.
How did opposition to immigrants in the colonial period differ from nativism in the antebellum period?

A) Immigrants in the antebellum period were discriminated against because of their religion.
B) Antebellum Americans admired the work ethic of immigrants more than did colonists.
C) Antebellum immigrants did not compete for land in the way that colonial immigrants did.
D) Antebellum immigrants tended to be primarily from England, while immigrants during the colonial period were not.

Question 18

Bacon's Rebellion: The Declaration (1676)
1. For having, upon specious pretenses of public works, raised great unjust taxes upon the commonalty for the advancement of private favorites and other sinister ends, but no visible effects in any measure adequate; for not having, during this long time of his government, in any measure advanced this hopeful colony either by fortifications, towns, or trade. . . .
2. For having wronged his Majesty's prerogative and interest by assuming monopoly of the beaver trade and for having in it unjust gain betrayed and sold his Majesty's country and the lives of his loyal subjects to the barbarous heathen.
3. For having protected, favored, and emboldened the Indians against his Majesty's loyal subjects, never contriving, requiring, or appointing any due or proper means of satisfaction for their many invasions, robberies, and murders committed upon us.
. . . we accuse Sir William Berkeley as guilty . . . and as one who has traitorously attempted, violated, and injured his Majesty's interest here by a loss of a great part of this his colony and many of his faithful loyal subjects by him betrayed and in a barbarous and shameful manner exposed to the incursions and murder of the heathen.
Nathaniel Bacon
General by Consent of the people.
Bacon's men and the Native Americans were both angry over

A) their lack of representation in the colonial legislature and lack of input on its policies.
B) the use of African slaves on tobacco plantations.
C) the authoritarian policies of the government in Jamestown.
D) the encroachment by Indian tribes from further west.

Question 19

Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges and Liberties (1701)
William Penn
KNOW YE THEREFORE, That for the further Well-being and good Government of the said Province, and Territories; and in Pursuance of the Rights and Powers before-mentioned, I the said William Penn do declare, grant and confirm, unto all the Freemen, Planters and Adventurers, and other Inhabitants of this Province and Territories, these following Liberties, Franchises and Privileges . . .
BECAUSE no People can be truly happy, though under the greatest Enjoyment of Civil Liberties . . . I do hereby grant and declare, That no Person or Persons, inhabiting in this Province or Territories, who shall confess and acknowledge One almighty God, the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the World; and profess him or themselves obliged to live quietly under the Civil Government, shall be in any Case molested or prejudiced, in his or their Person or Estate, because of his or their conscientious Persuasion or Practice, nor be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious Worship, Place or Ministry, contrary to his or their Mind, or to do or suffer any other Act or Thing, contrary to their religious Persuasion.
AND that all Persons who also profess to believe in Jesus Christ, the Savior of the World, shall be capable . . . to serve this Government in any Capacity, both legislatively and executively, he or they solemnly promising, when lawfully required, Allegiance to the King as Sovereign, and Fidelity to the Proprietary and Governor . . .
Due to the privileges and liberties guaranteed in Pennsylvania

A) the colony soon became a haven for former convicts and the irreligious.
B) religious affiliation had no bearing on holding public office there.
C) the colony grew rapidly and included a more diverse population than other English colonies.
D) Britain was reluctant to make Pennsylvania a royal colony.

Question 20

Virginia Plantation Wharf (1730)

Which historical development does this image illustrate?

A) Slaves were treated fairly by their owners and frequently rose up the socioeconomic ladder.
B) By the middle of the seventeenth century, indentured servants no longer satisfied the labor demands in the colonies.
C) Immigrants were eager to come to the British colonies because of the plentiful job opportunities in agriculture.
D) Tobacco was cultivated in the colonies primarily to satisfy the demand of local pipe smokers.

Question 21

The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina:

A) were modeled after the Cherokee government.
B) permitted only members of the Church of England to worship freely.
C) resulted in absolute power over slaves and indentured servants.
D) did not allow a headright society.

Question 22

"Enumerated" goods:

A) made up the bulk of items imported into the colonies from abroad.
B) were those the English colonies could not produce under the terms of the Navigation Acts.
C) created a financial drain on the English government during the seventeenth century.
D) were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that first had to be imported to England.

Question 23

The Charter of Liberties and Privileges in New York:

A) was the work of the Dutch, who did not trust the English to protect their religious freedom.
B) resulted especially from displeasure among residents of Manhattan.
C) reflected in part an effort by the British to exert their influence and control over the Dutch.
D) affirmed religious toleration for all denominations.

Question 24

When England gained control of New York from the Dutch, what happened to African-Americans?

A) Free blacks lost employment opportunities in skilled jobs.
B) They introduced the practice of slavery in New York.
C) The free black population gained more job opportunities.
D) The English moved the free black population to nearby New Jersey.

Question 25

What sparked a new period of colonial expansion for England in the mid-seventeenth century?

A) England's defeat of the Netherlands in the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War of 1649.
B) England's victory in a 1676 religious war with Spain.
C) A treaty signed with the Iroquois Confederacy.
D) The restoration of the monarchy in 1660.

Question 26

Pennsylvania's treatment of Native Americans was unique in what way?

A) Pennsylvania was the only colony in which efforts at conversion focused on turning Native Americans into Quakers.
B) The colony bought all of the land the Native Americans occupied and moved them west of the Appalachians, meaning that Indians were relocated but not decimated.
C) Because Quakers were pacifists, they had to bring in militias from other colonies to take over Native American lands.
D) Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies.

Question 27

In its early years, Carolina was the "colony of a colony" because its original settlers included many:

A) former indentured servants from Virginia.
B) supporters of Anne Hutchinson seeking refuge from Massachusetts.
C) landless sons of wealthy planters in Barbados.
D) Protestants upset over Catholic rule in Maryland.

Question 28

If Massachusetts Bay's Jonathan Winthrop had been present at the start of the Pennsylvania colony, he would have:

A) praised William Penn's Native American policy.
B) condemned the idea of whole families migrating to Pennsylvania.
C) praised the diversity of the immigrants.
D) praised the idea of religion serving as a model for the colony.

Question 29

What was the Covenant Chain?

A) The promise James II gave Parliament that he would marry a Protestant princess.
B) An agreement between the Dutch and the Mohican Nation that led to the founding of New Netherland.
C) A mythical piece of priceless gold jewelry that Europeans wished to acquire from the Iroquois.
D) An alliance made by the governor of New York and the Iroquois Confederacy.

Question 30

What inspired the 1715 uprising by the Yamasee and Creek peoples against English colonists in Carolina?

A) The colonists' refusal to trade with the Yamasee and Creek.
B) An alliance of the Yamasee and Creek with the Iroquois Confederacy, which had declared war against New York colonists.
C) High debts incurred by the Yamasee and Creek in trade with the English settlers.
D) The English colonists' plans to begin capturing Native Americans to sell as slaves.

Question 31

What ironic consequence did William Penn's generous policies, such as religious toleration and inexpensive land, have?

A) They contributed to the increasing reliance of Virginia and Maryland on African slave labor.
B) Now that Pennsylvania attracted so many settlers, Carolina was desperate for laborers and began a vast Indian slave trade.
C) They actually discouraged suspicious Europeans from choosing Pennsylvania as a place to settle.
D) They led the Puritan authorities in Massachusetts to adopt religious toleration in order to compete with Pennsylvania for colonists.

Question 32

By the end of the seventeenth century, who was most successful at using diplomacy in securing rights to use land?

A) Hurons.
B) Iroquois.
C) Wampanoags.
D) Creeks.

Question 33

Of colonists in British North America, which group was the wealthiest?

A) Philadelphia merchants.
B) Boston political elite.
C) Virginia tobacco farmers.
D) South Carolina rice planters.

Question 34

In Carolina, conflict with Indians occurred, but similar problems did NOT take place in Pennsylvania because:

A) few Indians lived in Pennsylvania.
B) the English wiped out all of the Indians within the first five years of the start of the colony.
C) from the beginning, William Penn ordered the seizure of all Indian land.
D) William Penn did not permit the enslavement of Indians.

Question 35

How did the Dutch lose New Netherland to England?

A) It resulted from a treaty in Europe.
B) The Duke of York married into the Dutch royal family.
C) The Dutch traded the colony back to Indians, who sold it to the English.
D) The Dutch saw New York as being on the periphery of its empire, so they didn't protect it.

Question 36

William Penn obtained the land for his Pennsylvania colony because:

A) King Charles I wanted Quakers to have a place where they could enjoy religious toleration.
B) he supported the crown during the Glorious Revolution.
C) the king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America.
D) he conquered the Swedes and Dutch who previously had controlled the land.

Question 37

To Quakers, liberty was:

A) limited to white, landowning men.
B) strictly defined.
C) a universal entitlement.
D) extended to women but not to blacks.

Question 38

The ultimate goal for the English in gaining New Amsterdam and New Netherland from the Dutch was to:

A) gain slaves.
B) control more territory.
C) control trade.
D) gain more farmland.

Question 39

How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy?

A) After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions.
B) The English destroyed the Iroquois Confederacy temporarily but revived it under Sir Edmund Andros's rule after the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
C) English oppression drove the Iroquois to the side of the French, who eagerly sought their support.
D) It enabled the Iroquois to build alliances with other tribes against a common enemy.

Question 40

What was one of Pennsylvania's only restrictions on religious liberty?

A) Settlers could belong to any denomination but had to sign an oath affirming that they would not oppress Quakers.
B) Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving.
C) Atheists were welcome as long as they promised not to publicly attack religion.
D) Church attendance was mandatory, but the state did not specify which type of church.

Question 41

Which of the following was true of small farmers in 1670s Virginia?

A) The economy was doing so well that even though they made less money than large-scale planters, their problems were too small to justify their rebellion.
B) They had access to the best land, but a glut in the tobacco market left them in poverty.
C) Their taxes were incredibly low-the one issue with which they were pleased.
D) The lack of good land, high taxes on tobacco, and falling prices reduced their prospects.

Question 42

The Virginia slave code of 1705:

A) simply brought together old aspects of the laws governing slaves and slavery.
B) completely rewrote and changed the earlier slave laws.
C) embedded the principle of white supremacy in law.
D) made clear that slaves were subject to the will of their masters but not to anyone who could not claim ownership of them.

Question 43

Slave labor in the Chesapeake region increasingly supplanted indentured servitude during the last two decades of the seventeenth century, in part because:

A) the opening of the new colony of North Carolina attracted enough whites to make up for the loss of those who would have come to the New World as indentured servants.
B) Bacon's Rebellion reminded leaders of the dangers of allowing racial intermarriage.
C) improving conditions in England reduced the number of transatlantic migrants.
D) a monopoly on the slave trade made it easier to import Africans.

Question 44

When the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that religious conversion did not release a slave from bondage:

A) every other colonial assembly followed suit.
B) Governor William Berkeley vetoed the measure, which led to Bacon's Rebellion.
C) it meant that, under Virginia law, Christians could own other Christians.
D) mass protests followed.

Question 45

What happened to Jamestown during Bacon's Rebellion?

A) The town was impenetrable and well fortified.
B) The town accepted the surrender of Bacon.
C) It was burned to the ground.
D) It was invaded by the Powhatans.

Question 46

A West African captured and sold into slavery in 1650 most likely ended up in:

A) Massachusetts.
B) The West Indies.
C) Mexico.
D) The Carolinas.

Question 47

According to laws in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake:

A) black men were not permitted to marry white women but black women could marry white men.
B) free blacks had the right to sue and testify in court.
C) free blacks were not permitted to serve in the militia unless they signed a loyalty oath.
D) the sale of any married slave was prohibited.

Question 48

What historical evidence demonstrates that blacks were being held as slaves for life by the 1640s?

A) Property registers list white servants with the number of years they were to work, but blacks (with higher valuations) had no terms of service associated with their names.
B) Transcripts from legislative debates in the House of Burgesses show that Virginia lawmakers were debating whether permanent slave status was a good idea.
C) Records of declining tobacco prices show that it had become harder to keep labor, which would have forced planters to turn increasingly to Africans and away from white servants.
D) There is none, because slavery did not fully exist in Virginia until after Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.

Question 49

Who in the Pennsylvania colony was eligible to vote?

A) Everyone, male and female.
B) A majority of the male population.
C) All males.
D) Quakers.

Question 50

Bacon's Rebellion was a response to:

A) worsening economic conditions in Virginia.
B) increased slavery in the Carolinas.
C) Indian attacks in New England.
D) the Glorious Revolution in England.

Question 51

Which commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century?

A) Tobacco.
B) Sugar.
C) Silver.
D) Cotton.

Question 52

Which of the following is true of slavery?

A) The English word "slavery" derives from "Slav," reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century.
B) Christians never were enslaved.
C) The Roman Empire outlawed it, but it revived, thanks to Columbus.
D) It was nonexistent in Africa until the arrival of European slave traders.

Question 53

In seventeenth-century England, the main lines of division focused on:

A) race.
B) ethnicity.
C) political ideals.
D) religion.

Question 54

What was key to making the enslavement of Africans an enduring economic and social institution in colonial America?

A) Slavery became perpetual, as the children of slaves were slaves too.
B) Africans were less likely to run away than Native Americans.
C) Racism had existed since ancient times in England.
D) Africans fell under the purview of English common law.

Question 55

Nathaniel Bacon:

A) actually was socially closer to the elite than to the indentured servants who supported him.
B) had no connection to Virginia's wealthiest planters.
C) won unanimous support for his effort to reduce taxes, but his effort to remove all Native Americans from the colony doomed his rebellion.
D) burned down Jamestown but never succeeded in taking over the colony or driving out Governor Berkeley.

Question 56

Which man was once a slave, only to be freed and own slaves himself?

A) William Penn.
B) Anthony Johnson.
C) Olaudah Equiano.
D) Robert Carter.

Question 57

Slavery developed more slowly in North America than in the English West Indies because:

A) it was a longer trip from Africa to North America, making slavery less profitable.
B) planters in Virginia and Maryland agreed that indentured servants were far less troublesome.
C) the high death rate among tobacco workers made it economically unappealing to pay more for a slave likely to die within a short time.
D) Parliament passed a law in 1643 that gave tax breaks to British West Indian planters who imported slaves but not to American colonists who imported slaves.

Question 58

Bacon's Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia?

A) A large and sustained increase in the importation of indentured servants.
B) Generous payments to Native Americans to encourage them to give up their lands to white farmers.
C) Changes in the political style of Virginia's powerful large-scale planters, who adopted a get-tough policy with small farmers and hired their own militia to enforce their will.
D) The replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations.

Question 59

Unlike slavery in America, slavery in Africa:

A) declined in importance during the 1600s.
B) was more likely to be based in the household than on an agricultural plantation.
C) led to much higher death rates.
D) was entirely race-based.

Question 60

Which of the following is true of the English West Indies in the seventeenth century?

A) By the end of the century, the African population far outnumbered the European population on most islands.
B) Mixed economies with small farms worked by indentured servants dominated islands such as Barbados throughout the century.
C) Frequent uprisings by African slaves caused the English to abandon the West Indies by the 1680s and to relocate staple crop production to mainland North America.
D) The free labor system of the West Indies stood in stark contrast to the slave labor system of the Chesapeake.

Question 61

Why did Massachusetts have its charter revoked by Charles II?

A) The Salem witch trials made a mockery of colonial law.
B) Massachusetts's opposition to the Glorious Revolution angered Parliament.
C) The king planned on living in Massachusetts after fleeing England.
D) Charles did not approve of Massachusetts's violations of Navigation laws.

Question 62

According to New England Puritans, witchcraft:

A) was perfectly acceptable when it was used for proper purposes.
B) was punishable by hanging unless it was used to reinforce men's standing and God's will.
C) resulted from pacts that women made with the devil to obtain supernatural powers or interfere with natural processes.
D) was restricted to Salem.

Question 63

From 1700 to 1776, who was the largest group of people that came to England's mainland colonies?

A) Irish.
B) Scottish.
C) Africans.
D) English.

Question 64

Once Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691:

A) it was required to abide by the English Act of Toleration, which displeased many Puritan leaders.
B) it received the right to have its voters elect its own governor and legislative assembly.
C) Plymouth was split off from Massachusetts to become its own independent colony.
D) church membership became the chief legal requirement for voting.

Question 65

The Scottish and Scotch-Irish immigrants to the colonies:

A) were almost uniformly Catholics.
B) usually worked in the West Indies before moving to the mainland colonies.
C) were not only poor farmers but also physicians, merchants, and teachers.
D) did little to add to the religious diversity in America.

Question 66

Which colony had its charter revoked because of mismanagement, according to King William?

A) New Hampshire.
B) Maryland.
C) Virginia.
D) New York.

Question 67

The German migration to the English colonies:

A) was small when compared to other European migrants.
B) involved fur trapping west of the Appalachian Mountains.
C) was to frontier areas as farmers.
D) was mainly to New England as they came to frontier areas.

Question 68

Captain Jacob Leisler, the head of the rebel militia that took control of New York in 1689:

A) was a close ally of Sir Edmund Andros, who was trying to regain control of the Dominion of New England.
B) was overthrown and killed in so grisly a manner that the rivalry between his friends and foes polarized New York politics for years.
C) was knighted for his role in supporting the Glorious Revolution.
D) sought to impose Catholic rule but was defeated by a Protestant militia in a short but bloody civil war.

Question 69

Who finally ended the Salem witch trials?

A) The Massachusetts governor.
B) The local pastor.
C) Salem's judge.
D) Tituba.

Question 70

The Glorious Revolution of 1688:

A) resulted mainly from the fears of English aristocrats that the birth of James II's son would lead to a Catholic succession.
B) ended parliamentary rule in Great Britain until Queen Anne's War in 1702.
C) was the work of an ambitious Danish prince out to avenge his father's murder by a British nobleman.
D) had no impact on the British colonies in America.

Question 71

Which of the following best sums up population diversity in colonial English America?

A) From the beginning of English settlement, the colonies were highly diverse in race and religion.
B) England originally promoted emigration to the colonies as a means of ridding itself of excess population but cut back in the eighteenth century.
C) Men and women arrived in almost equal numbers because English officials encouraged women to leave, believing that fewer women in the mother country would equal slower population growth.
D) England urged professionals and skilled craftspeople to go to its colonies in America because it wanted to create a model society there, but eventually it began to urge vagabonds and "masterless men" to go instead.

Question 72

Which of the following fits the description of a person most likely to have been accused of witchcraft in seventeenth-century New England?

A) a single young woman whose attractiveness meant that some saw her as a threat to Puritan values.
B) a married woman who normally was subservient to her husband and the community, which made her behavior seem all the more bizarre.
C) a woman beyond childbearing age who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband.
D) a married woman who had just lost a child.

Question 73

The English Toleration Act of 1690:

A) allowed Jews to participate in the English government.
B) actually allowed no toleration of religion in the colonies.
C) gave Catholics the same rights as Protestants.
D) was not as inclusive in regard to religion as Rhode Island and Pennsylvania.

Question 74

The English Bill of Rights of 1689:

A) was unwritten, like the English constitution on which it was based.
B) was King William's finest writing on the importance of liberty.
C) divided power in England between the king and Parliament.
D) listed parliamentary powers over such individual rights as trial by jury.

Question 75

In what ways did England reduce colonial autonomy during the 1680s?

A) Charles II revoked the charters of all colonies that had violated the Navigation Acts.
B) It created the Dominion of New England, run by a royal appointee without benefit of an elected assembly.
C) Because Charles II and James II were at least closet Catholics, the colonies no longer could establish churches within their borders.
D) The king started appointing all judges.

Question 76

England sought to attract which of the following to its American colonies in the eighteenth century?

A) Protestants from non-English and less prosperous parts of the British Isles.
B) Catholics from France and Spain, thereby weakening England's enemies.
C) Professionals and skilled craftsmen from England.
D) Members of nonmainstream religions, particularly Quakers and Anabaptists.

Question 77

The immigrant group that was primarily Presbyterian was:

A) Irish.
B) Scotch-Irish.
C) Swedish.
D) English.

Question 78

What resulted from the disbanding of the Dominion of New England?

A) New York and New Jersey were unified.
B) West Jersey and East Jersey were created.
C) Land was returned to the Iroquois.
D) Massachusetts absorbed Plymouth.

Question 79

Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692?

A) The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others.
B) When Tituba testified, the issue became racial and divided the town.
C) All of the accused were children, and Puritans were determined to force their young to accept their religious traditions or face death.
D) The colonial capital had just been moved to Salem, upsetting the normally staid town.

Question 80

Which of the following is true of slave resistance in the colonial period?

A) Runaways were very rare because slaves knew that attempting to escape would be futile.
B) Some slaves were the offspring of white traders and therefore knew enough English to turn to the legal system, at least until Virginia lawmakers prevented them from doing so.
C) A number of bloody rebellions prompted a wholesale revision of slave codes.
D) It was limited because slaves at the time were too new to the colonies to understand the concept of freedom.